1. Method for reconstructing image data of an examined object by using measuring data, wherein the measuring data for a relative spiral movement between a radiation source of a computer tomography system and the examined object are detected by a detector within and outside of its Tam-Danielsson window, wherein based on the spiral movement the measuring data from outside of the Tam-Danielsson window is present with at least one interruption, the method comprising:
realizing a mathematically precise first reconstruction of first image data by using only the measuring data from the Tam-Danielsson window;
realizing a mathematically precise second reconstruction of second image data by using at least measuring data outside of the Tam-Danielsson window, wherein the at least one interruption in the measuring data is compensated for by using at least one of available measuring data, the first image data and other image data that were reconstructed from available measuring data; and
combining the first image data and the second image data.
2. Method according to claim 1, wherein available measuring data are used for the compensation by interpolating or extrapolating available measuring data onto the at least one interruption, upon which the mathematically precise second reconstruction is based.
3. Method according to claim 2, wherein a mathematically precise third reconstruction of third image data is realized by using at least among other things measuring data from outside of the Tam-Danielsson window, wherein the at least one interruption of the measuring data is compensated for by using at least one of available measuring data and the first image data, and wherein the first image data and the second image data and the third image data are then combined.
4. Method according to claim 2, wherein the image data are combined with the aid of an averaging.
5. Method according to claim 1, wherein the first image data are used for the compensation by computing from the first image data projection data that correspond to the at least one interruption, wherein these are subsequently used for the mathematically precise second reconstruction.
6. Method according to claim 5, wherein a mathematically precise third reconstruction of third image data is realized by using at least among other things measuring data from outside of the Tam-Danielsson window, wherein the at least one interruption of the measuring data is compensated for by using at least one of available measuring data and the first image data, and wherein the first image data and the second image data and the third image data are then combined.
7. Method according to claim 5, wherein the image data are combined with the aid of an averaging.
8. Method according to claim 1, wherein the first image data are used for the compensation by computing Hilbert transformations from the first image data, upon which the mathematically precise second reconstruction is based.
9. Method according to claim 8, wherein a mathematically precise third reconstruction of third image data is realized by using at least among other things measuring data from outside of the Tam-Danielsson window, wherein the at least one interruption of the measuring data is compensated for by using at least one of available measuring data and the first image data, and wherein the first image data and the second image data and the third image data are then combined.
10. Method according to claim 8, wherein the image data are combined with the aid of an averaging.
11. Method according to claim 1, wherein a mathematically precise third reconstruction of third image data is realized by using at least among other things measuring data from outside of the Tam-Danielsson window, wherein the at least one interruption of the measuring data is compensated for by using at least one of available measuring data and the first image data, and wherein the first image data and the second image data and the third image data are then combined.
12. Method according to claim 11, wherein the first and the second the third reconstruction are volume-based reconstructions with the aid of differentiated back projections and a following inverse Hilbert transformation.
13. Method according to claim 12, wherein the volume-based reconstruction for the first image data is realized with the aid of a differentiated back projection over a first group of surfaces formed by M lines, the volume-based reconstruction for the second image data is realized with the aid of differentiated back projections via a second group of surfaces formed by M lines and, the volume-based reconstruction for the third image data is realized with the aid of differentiated back projections over a third group of surfaces formed by M lines.
14. Method according to claim 13, wherein for the first group each of the respective surfaces formed by the M lines completely impinges on the detector within the Tam-Danielsson window, for the second group, each of the respective surfaces formed by the M lines impinges on the detector either above or below the Tam-Danielsson window and for the third group, each of the respective surfaces formed by the M lines impinges on the detector either above or below the Tam-Danielsson window.
15. Apparatus for reconstructing image data of an examined object by using measuring data, wherein the measuring data for a relative spiral movement between a radiation source of a computer tomography system and the examined object are detected by a detector within and outside of its Tam-Danielsson window, wherein based on the spiral movement the measuring data from outside of the Tam-Danielsson window is present with at least one interruption, the apparatus comprising:
means for realizing a mathematically precise first reconstruction of first image data by using only the measuring data from the Tam-Danielsson window;
means for realizing a mathematically precise second reconstruction of second image data by using at least measuring data outside of the Tam-Danielsson window, wherein the at least one interruption in the measuring data is compensated for by using at least one of available measuring data, the first image data and other image data that were reconstructed from available measuring data; and
means for combining the first image data and the second image data.
16. Method according to claim 1, wherein the image data are combined with the aid of an averaging.
17. Method according to claim 1, wherein the first and the second reconstruction are volume-based reconstructions with the aid of differentiated back projections and a following inverse Hilbert transformation.
18. Method according to claim 17, wherein the volume-based reconstruction for the first image data is realized with the aid of a differentiated back projection over a first group of surfaces formed by M lines, and the volume-based reconstruction for the second image data is realized with the aid of differentiated back projections via a second group of surfaces formed by M lines.
19. Method according to claim 18, wherein each group of surfaces covers the volume of interest of the examined object.
20. Method according to claim 18, wherein for the first group each of the respective surfaces formed by the M lines completely impinges on the detector within the Tam-Danielsson window, and for the second group, each of the respective surfaces formed by the M lines impinges on the detector either above or below the Tam-Danielsson window.
21. Method according to claim 18, wherein all M lines within one group impinge on the same detector line.
22. Method according to claim 18, wherein all M lines that form a surface are parallel when these are projected onto a plane that is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the spiral movement.
23. Method according to claim 18, wherein data are interpolated between the measuring data, so that the M lines of each surface are equidistant.
24. Method according to claim 18, wherein the reconstructed image data of the different reconstructions are transformed into Cartesian coordinates and the image data are combined within this coordinate system.
25. Method according to claim 1, wherein the spiral movement is determined such that the Tam-Danielsson window is relatively smaller than a dimension of the Tam-Danielsson window when it meets outside edges of two outermost ones of the detector lines.
26. A control and computer unit for reconstructing image data of an examined object, using measuring data from a computed tomography (CT) system, the control and computer unit comprising:
a processor; and
a memory storing program code, wherein the program code stored in the program memory, when executed on the processor, realizes the method according to claim 1.
27. A Computed Tomography (CT) system comprising:
a first radiation source and an oppositely positioned a first detector attached to a movable support allowing for scanning of a patient so as to obtain projection data from a plurality of projection angles;
a patient stretcher; and
the control and computer unit according to claim 26.
28. A Computed Tomography (CT) system comprising:
a first radiation source and an oppositely positioned a first detector attached to a movable support allowing for scanning of a patient so as to obtain projection data from a plurality of projection angles;
a patient stretcher; and
the apparatus according to claim 15.
29. A non-transitory computer readable medium including program segments for, when executed on a processor of a computer device, causes the computer device to implement the method of claim 1.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1-30. (canceled)
31. A product produced by a method comprising the steps of:
filling an interior of a mold with a mixture so that substantially all gas bubbles are displaced therefrom, the mixture comprising at least two components which can be phase separated by a phase separation agent into at least two phases;
rotating said mold containing said mixture at an effective rotational velocity so that under rotation at least one of the phases deposits onto an inner surface of the mold; and
forming said product by stabilizing said at least one of the phases deposited onto the inner surface of the mold.
32. The product according to claim 31 including removing said product from said mold.
33. The product according to claim 31 wherein said hollow mold is a cylindrical tube so that said product is a tube.
34. The product according to claim 31 wherein of said at least two components at least one is selected from the group consisting of the group of monomers and macromers and the other is at least one solvent, wherein said at least one of the phases that deposits onto the inner surface includes at least one of the monomer and macromer, and wherein the step of stabilizing said deposited phase includes gelation of the at least one of the monomer and macromer by polymerization thereof.
35. The product according to claim 34 wherein said phase separation agent is selected from the group consisting of solution immiscibility, polymer immiscibility, light, pH, initiation agents, change in temperature, creation of a chemical product within the mold, changes in cationic andor anionic concentrations, electric and magnetic fields.
36. The product according to claim 35 wherein said initiation agent is selected from the group consisting of free radical initiators, thermal and photo initiators, redox initiators, anionic, cationic or ring-opening initiators.
37. The product according to claim 34 wherein the product has a wall morphology that includes a porous structure, a gel structure or overlapping regions of porousgel structure.
38. The product according to claim 34 wherein the product has a wall morphology that includes a predominantly gel morphology with porous channels running from a periphery to a lumenal side, resulting in spotting on an outer wall surface.
39. The product according to claim 31 wherein said at least two components includes at least one polymer dissolved in at least one solvent, and wherein said mixture is composed of at least two solutions, wherein said at least one of the phases that deposits on the inner surface includes at least the polymer, and wherein the step of stabilizing said deposited phase includes gelation thereof.
40. The product according to claim 39 wherein said phase separation agent is selected from the group consisting of solution immiscibility, light, change in pH, change in temperature, creation of a chemical product within the mold, changes in cationic andor anionic concentrations, electric and magnetic fields.
41. The product according to claim 39 wherein gelation is achieved by exposure to an agent selected from the group consisting of light, change in pH, change in temperature, creation of a chemical product within the mold, changes in cationic andor anionic concentrations, electric and magnetic fields.
42. The product according to claim 39 wherein the product has a wall morphology that includes a porous structure, a gel structure or overlapping regions of porousgel structure.
43. The product according to claim 39 wherein the product has a wall morphology that includes a predominantly gel morphology with porous channels running from a periphery to a lumenal side, resulting in spotting on an outer wall surface.
44. The product according to claim 31 wherein said product is a multi-layered product produced by repeating steps a), b) and c), at least once to produce a multi-layered product.
45. The product according to claim 34 wherein the wall structure is used as a reservoir for the delivery of drugs, therapeutics, cells, cell products, genes, viral vectors, proteins, peptides, hormones, carbohydrates, growth factors, enzymes.
46. The product according to claim 39 wherein the wall structure is used as a reservoir for the delivery of drugs, therapeutics, cells, cell products, genes, viral vectors, proteins, peptides, hormones, carbohydrates, growth factors, enzymes.
47. The product according to claim 39 wherein the solution contains particles containing pre-selected constituents, and wherein the product includes said particles are distributed either uniformly or in a gradient within the wall structure of the product.
48. The product according to claim 39 wherein the particles are microspheres or nanospheres and said pre-selected constituents include enzymes, proteins, peptides, genes, vectors, growth factors, hormones, nucleotides, carbohydrates, drugs, therapeutics, or cells.
49. The product according to claim 39 wherein the cells include neurons, stem cells, stem cell derived cells, olfactory ensheathing cells, Schwann cells, astrocyte cells, microglia cells, or oligodendrocyte cells, endothelial cells, epithelial cells, fibroblasts, keratinocytes, smooth muscle cells, hepatocytes, bone marrow-derived cells, hematopoetic cells, glial cells, inflammatory cells, and immune system cells.
50. The product according to claim 39 wherein the particles are microspheres or nanospheres and said pre-selected constituents include enzymes, proteins, peptides, genes, vectors, growth factors, hormones, oligonucleotides, or cells.
51. The product according to claim 50 wherein the cells include neurons, stem cells, stem cell derived cells, olfactory ensheathing cells, Schwann cells, astrocyte cells, microglia cells, or oligodendrocyte cells, endothelial cells, epithelial cells, fibroblasts, keratinocytes, smooth muscle cells, hepatocytes, bone marrow-derived cells, hematopoetic cells, glial cells, inflammatory cells, and immune system cells.
52. The product according to claim 50 wherein the particles are degradable particles thereby releasing said constituents over time.
53-56. (canceled)
57. The product according to claim 31 wherein the process includes a step of inserting an object into the mold to be coated with wherein said product includes said object being coated with said at least one of the phases and which is stabilized on said object.
58-59. (canceled)
60. The product produced in accordance with claim 31 for use as a coronary artery bypass graft, vascular graft, artificial fallopian tubes, a drainage implant for glaucoma, a drainage implant for the lachrymal duct, artificial tissues such as intestines, ligaments, tendons, nerve guidance channels, ureter and urethra replacements, aural drainage tubes, abdominalgastrointestinal structural replacements, stents for aortic aneurysms, esophageal scaffolds, composite catheters, shunts, delivery matrices, coatings applied to pacemaker leads, implantable sensor wire leads, wires for interventional cardiology, and biosensors.