1-7. (canceled)
8. An organic light-emitting display screen comprising:
n\xb7m picture dots organized in a matrix with m rows and n columns, each picture dot comprising an organic diode and first and second driver circuits for the diode, each comprising:
a driving transistor connected between a reference voltage and one electrode of the said diode,
a switching transistor for switching a gate voltage onto the gate of the driving transistor,
a capacitor connected to the gate of the driving transistor, to maintain the gate voltage;
wherein a circuit for addressing the n\xb7m picture dots, to control alternately and simultaneously a recovery phase on one driver circuit and a display phase on the other driver circuit of a picture dot, comprises as row select lines, only m row select lines, one per row of picture dots, andor as data lines, only n data lines, one per column of picture dots.
9. A display screen according to claim 8, wherein the addressing circuit comprises only the m row select lines, and 2\xb7n data lines, two lines per picture dot column, and to each picture element are made to correspond a respective select line connected to the gates of the switching transistors of the associated first and second driver circuits, a first data line connected to the switching transistor of one of the two driver circuits and a second data line connected to the switching transistor of the other of the two driver circuits, and wherein during one video frame, one of the first and second data lines delivers a video voltage and the other a turn-off voltage, and during another video frame, the reverse occurs.
10. A display screen according to claim 8, wherein the addressing circuit comprises only the m row select lines, and 2\xb7n data lines, two lines per column of picture dots, and to each picture element are made to correspond a first select line and a second select line, the first being connected to the gate of the switching transistor of one of the two driver circuits, the second being connected to the gate of the switching transistor of the other driver circuit, a first data line being connected to the switching transistor of one of the two driver circuits and a second data line being connected to the switching transistor of the other driver circuit, and wherein during one video frame, one of the first and second data lines delivers a video voltage, and the other a turn-off voltage, and during another video frame, the reverse occurs.
11. A display screen according to claim 8, wherein the addressing circuit comprises only the m row select lines and n data lines, and to each picture element are made to correspond a respective data line connected to the switching transistors of the two associated driver circuits, and a first select line and a second select line, the first being connected to the gate of the switching transistor of one of the two driver circuits, the second being connected to the gate of the switching transistor of the other driver circuit, and wherein in each of the two driver circuits, an additional transistor is provided, connected between the gate of the driving transistor of the driver circuit in question and the select line associated with it, and is controlled on its gate by the select line associated with the other driver circuit, the order of the sequential selection of the select lines of the display screen being alternately reversed at each frame.
12. A display screen according to claim 8, wherein the addressing circuit comprises 2\xb7m row select lines, two select lines per row of picture dots and n data lines, and to each picture element are made to correspond a respective data line connected to the switching transistors of the two associated driver circuits, and a first select line and a second select line, the first select line being connected to the gate of the switching transistor of one of the two driver circuits, the second select line being connected to the gate of the switching transistor of the other driver circuit, and wherein during one video frame, during the selection of the first select line, video voltages are applied to the columns whereas during the selection of the second select line, recovery voltages are applied to the columns, and during another video frame, the reverse occurs.
13. A display screen according to claim 9, each column of pixels having an associated first and second data line, further comprising a column driver capable of alternately delivering, at a first output connected to the first data line and at a second output connected to the second data line, a video voltage or a turn-off voltage being a function of the video voltage.
14. A display screen according to claim 8, wherein the addressing circuit comprises row andor column drivers used in liquid crystal displays for controlling the select lines andor data lines.
15. A display screen according to claim 10, each column of pixels having an associated first an second data line, further comprising a column driver configured to alternately deliver, at a first output connected to the first data line and at a second output connected to the second data line, a video voltage or a turn-off voltage being a function of the video voltage.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A process for preparing a thin film having alternating monolayers of a metal-metal bonded complex monolayer and an organic monolayer by layer-by-layer growth, said process comprising the steps of:
(1) applying onto a surface of a substrate a first linker compound represented by the formula:
G1-Linkera-G2
to produce a primer layer of said first linker compound; wherein G1 is selected from the group consisting of: CI3Si and SH; G2 is selected from the group consisting of: 4-pyridyl and 4-cyanophenyl; and Linkera is selected from the group consisting of: C1-C8 alkylene, C1-C8 alkenediyl, C1-C8 alkynediyl and 1,4-arylene;
(2) applying onto said primer layer a metal-metal bonded complex to produce on said primer layer a metal-metal bonded complex monolayer; wherein said metal-metal bonded complex is selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by the following formulas:
and a combination thereof; wherein:
Lax is an axial ligand;
Leq is an equatorial ligand; wherein two equatorial ligands together form a bidentate ligand Q\u2229W; wherein each Q\u2229W is independently selected from the group consisting of N\u2229N, N\u2229O, O\u2229N, N\u2229S, S\xb7N, N\u2229P, P\u2229N, O\u2229S, S\u2229O, O\u2229O, P\u2229P and S\u2229S ligands;
M is a transition metal;
wherein the group
is a dicarboxylate bridging group selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by the formulas:
and mixtures thereof; and
wherein m is an integer from 1 to 12, and n is 0 to 3;
(3) applying onto said metal-metal bonded complex monolayer a second linker compound represented by the formula:
G3-Linkerb -G4
to produce on said metal-metal bonded complex monolayer an organic monolayer; wherein G3 and G4 are the same or different functional groups capable of interacting with a metal-metal bonded complex; and Linkerb is a single bond or a difunctional organic group bonded to G3 and G4; and optionally
(4) sequentially repeating steps (2) and (3) at least once to produce said layer-by-layer grown thin film having alternating monolayers of a metal-metal bonded complex monolayer and an organic monolayer.
2. The process of claim 1, wherein said transition metal in said metal-metal bonded complex is selected from the group consisting of: Cr24+, Mo24+, Re26+, Re25+, Re24+, Ru25+, Ru26+, Rh24+ and a combination thereof.
3. The process of claim 1, wherein said first linker compound is selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by the formula:
for oxides surfaces and a compound represented by the formula:
for Au surfaces.
4. The process of claim 1, wherein said Lax axial ligand is selected from the group consisting of: acetonitrile, halide, DMSO, H2O, ethanol, methanol and a combination thereof.
5. The process of claim 1, wherein said N\u2229N bidentate ligand is an amidinate; said N\u2229O bidentate ligand is acetamide; said N\u2229S bidentate ligand is mercaptopyrimidine; said O\u2229S bidentate ligand is a thiocarboxylate; said O\u2229O bidentate ligand is a carboxylate; said P\u2229P bidentate ligand is a diphosphine; and said S\u2229S bidentate ligand is a dithiocarboxylate.
6. The process of claim 1, wherein said metal-metal bonded complex is represented by the formula:
wherein said bidentate ligand Q\u2229W is selected from the group consisting of: N\u2229N, N\u2229O, O\u2229N, N\u2229S, S\u2229N, N\u2229P, P\u2229N, O\u2229S, S\u2229O, O\u2229O, P\u2229P and S\u2229S ligands; Lax is acetonitrile, halide, DMSO, H2O, ethanol, methanol; and M is selected form the group consisting of: Cr, Mo, Re, Ru, Rh.
7. The process of claim 1, wherein G1 is functional group selected from the group consisting of: phosphine oxide, phosphite, phosphate, phosphazine, azide, hydrazine, sulfonic acid, sulfide, disulfide, aldehyde, ketone, silane, germane, arsine, nitrile, isocyanide, isocyanate, thiocyanate, isothiocyanate, amide, alcohol, selenol, nitro, boronic acid, ether, thioether, carbamate, thiocarbamate, dithiocarbamate, dithiocarboxylate, xanthate, thioxanthate, alkylthiophosphate, dialkyldithiophosphate and a combination thereof.
8. The process of claim 1, wherein each G2 in said first linker compound is independently selected from the group consisting of: 4-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, cyano, 4-cyanophenyl, 3-cyanophenyl, perfluoro-3-cyanophenyl and perfluoro-4-cyanopheny.
9. The process of claim 1, wherein each G3 and G4 in said second linker compound is independently selected from the group consisting of: 4-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, cyano, 4-cyanophenyl, 3-cyanophenyl, perfluoro-3-cyanophenyl and perfluoro-4-cyanopheny; and Linkerb is selected from the group consisting of: a single bond, an alkylene, an alkenediyl, an alkynediyl, a 1,4-arylene, an arene-1,3,5-triyl, a 1,2,3-triazine-2,4,6-triyl, 4,4\u20324\u2033,4\u2032\u2033-(21H,23H-porphine-5,10,15,20-tetrayl) and zinc complex of 4;4\u2032,4\u2033,4\u2032\u2033-(21H,23H-porphine-5,10,15,20-tetrayl) and a combination thereof.
10. The process of claim 1, wherein said second linker compound is selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by the formula:
11. The process of claim 1, wherein said second linker compound is derived from a compound represented by the formula:
Me3Si\u2014C\u2261C\u2014SiMe3
Me3Si\u2261\u2261SiMe3
by desilylation of the trimethylsilyl group to produce an acetylene or diacetylene linker represented by the formula:
\u2014C\u2261C\u2014or \u2014C\u2261C\u2014C\u2261C\u2014
12. The process of claim 1, wherein said metal-metal bonded complex is selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by the following formulas:
and a combination thereof;
wherein N\u2229N bidentate ligand;
wherein the group
is a dicarboxylate bridging group selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by the formulas:
and mixtures thereof; and
wherein m is an integer from 1 to 12, and n is 0 to 3.
13. The process of claim 1, wherein said metal-metal bonded complex is
wherein N\u2229N is N,N\u2032-di-p-anisylformamidinate ligand; and
wherein the group
is a dicarboxylate bridging group selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by the formulas:
14. The process of claim 1, wherein said substate is selected from the group consisting of: a metal, a metal oxide, a semiconductor material, a metal alloy, a semiconductor alloy, a polymer, an organic solid and a combination thereof.
15. The process of claim 14, wherein said substrate is selected from the group consisting of: Au, ITO and SiO2.
16. The process of claim 1, wherein said thin films has from 1 to 60 alternating monolayers of a metal-metal bonded complex monolayer and an organic monolayer.
17. A thin film having alternating monolayers of a metal-metal bonded complex monolayer and an organic monolayer prepared by the process of claim 1.