1. A method of raising serum HDL levels comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a safe and effective amount of at least one carboxyl ester lipase (CEL) inhibitor.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the at least one CEL inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of (1,5-dimethylhexyl)carbamic acid 4-phenoxyphenyl ester and 4-methyl-1-piperidinecarboxylic acid 4-phenoxyphenyl ester.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein a second active ingredient is co-administered to the subject, wherein the second active ingredient is a cholesterol lowering agent.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein the second active ingredient is a statin drug.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the statin drug is selected from the group consisting of atorvastatin, cerivastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin, mevastatin, pitavastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, and simvastatin.
6. A pharmaceutical composition comprising:
(a) at least one carboxyl ester lipase (CEL) inhibitor; and
(b) at least one pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier,
wherein said pharmaceutical composition acts to raise serum HDL levels in a subject in need thereof.
7. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 6 wherein the at least one CEL inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of (1,5-dimethylhexyl)carbamic acid 4-phenoxyphenyl ester and 4-methyl-1-piperidinecarboxylic acid 4-phenoxyphenyl ester.
8. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 7 further comprising a second active ingredient, wherein the second active ingredient is a cholesterol lowering agent.
9. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 8 wherein the second active ingredient is a statin drug.
10. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 9 wherein the statin drug is selected from the group consisting of atorvastatin, cerivastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin, mevastatin, pitavastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, and simvastatin.
11. A method of increasing reverse cholesterol transport comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a safe and effective amount of at least one carboxyl ester lipase (CEL) inhibitor.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein the at least one CEL inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of (1,5-dimethylhexyl)carbamic acid 4-phenoxyphenyl ester and 4-methyl-1-piperidinecarboxylic acid 4-phenoxyphenyl ester.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein a second active ingredient is co-administered to the subject, wherein the second active ingredient is a cholesterol lowering agent.
14. The method of claim 13 wherein the second active ingredient is a statin drug.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein the statin drug is selected from the group consisting of atorvastatin, cerivastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin, mevastatin, pitavastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, and simvastatin.
16. A pharmaceutical composition comprising:
(a) at least one carboxyl ester lipase (CEL) inhibitor; and
(b) at least one pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier,
wherein said pharmaceutical composition acts to increase reverse cholesterol transport in a subject in need thereof.
17. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 16 wherein the at least one CEL inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of (1,5-dimethylhexyl)carbamic acid 4-phenoxyphenyl ester and 4-methyl-1-piperidinecarboxylic acid 4-phenoxyphenyl ester.
18. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 17 further comprising a second active ingredient, wherein the second active ingredient is a cholesterol lowering agent.
19. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 18 wherein the second active ingredient is a statin drug.
20. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 19 wherein the statin drug is selected from the group consisting of atorvastatin, cerivastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin, mevastatin, pitavastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, and simvastatin.
21. A method of increasing reverse cholesterol transport comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a safe and effective amount of a CEL inhibitor selected from the group consisting of (1,5-dimethylhexyl)carbamic acid 4-phenoxyphenyl ester and 4-methyl-1-piperidinecarboxylic acid 4-phenoxyphenyl ester.
22. The method of claim 21, wherein a statin drug is co-administered to the subject.
23. The method of claim 22, wherein the statin drug is selected from the group consisting of atorvastatin, cerivastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin, mevastatin, pitavastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, and simvastatin.
24. A method for treating disease by increasing reverse cholesterol transport, wherein the disease is selected from the group consisting of atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, cholestatic liver disease, peripheral vascular disease, dyslipidemia, hyperbetalipoproteinemia, hypoalphalipoproteinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, familial-hypercholesterolemia, cardiovascular disorders, angina, ischemia, cardiac schemia, stroke, myocardial infarction, reperfusion injury, angioplastic restenosis, hypertension, vascular complications of diabetes, obesity and endotoxemia, which comprises administering a safe and effective amount of a carboxyl ester lipase (CEL) inhibitor to a subject in need thereof.
25. The method of claim 24 wherein the CEL inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of (1,5-dimethylhexyl)carbamic acid 4-phenoxyphenyl ester and 4-methyl-1-piperidinecarboxylic acid 4-phenoxyphenyl ester.
26. The method of claim 25 wherein a statin drug is co-administered to the subject.
27. A method for treating disease by raising serum HDL levels, wherein the disease is selected from the group consisting of atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, cholestatic liver disease, peripheral vascular disease, dyslipidemia, hyperbetalipoproteinemia, hypoalphalipoproteinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, familial-hypercholesterolemia, cardiovascular disorders, angina, ischemia, cardiac schemia, stroke, myocardial infarction, reperfusion injury, angioplastic restenosis, hypertension, vascular complications of diabetes, obesity and endotoxemia, which comprises administering a safe and effective amount of a carboxyl ester lipase (CEL) inhibitor to a subject in need thereof.
28. The method of claim 27 wherein the CEL inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of (1,5-dimethylhexyl)carbamic acid 4-phenoxyphenyl ester and 4-methyl-1-piperidinecarboxylic acid 4-phenoxyphenyl ester.
29. The method of claim 28 wherein a statin drug is co-administered to the subject.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method of producing a silicic coating included in a semiconductor device and having a density of at least 2.4 gcm3, the method comprising:
forming a silicic coating precursor by using at least one type of silane compound having a photosensitive functional group; and
thereafter irradiating the silicic coating precursor with at least one type of light, either alone or in combination, to obtain the silicic coating.
2. The method of producing a silicic coating according to claim 1, wherein the silicic coating comprises a barrier film.
3. The method of producing a silicic coating according to claim 2, wherein wiring in contact with the barrier film is copper wiring.
4. The method of producing a silicic coating according to claim 1, wherein the silicic coating comprises an etching stopper film.
5. The method of producing a silicic coating according to claim 1, wherein the silicic coating comprises a stopper film in chemical mechanical polishing.
6. The method of producing a silicic coating according to claim 1, wherein the silane compound comprises a compound represented by any one of general formulas (1) to (3) below
(wherein in formulas (1) to (3), R1, R2 and R3 are each independently hydrogen, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group of 1 to 4 carbons, an aromatic hydrocarbon group of 6 to 8 carbons which may include a substituent, or a heteroaromatic group of 4 to 8 carbons which may include a substituent; and X1, X2 and X3 are each independently chloro, hydroxyl, an alkoxy group of 1 to 3 carbons, or an alkylamino group of 1 to 4 carbons; with the proviso that each of formulas (1) to (3) contains at least one photosensitive functional group as R1, R2 andor R3).
7. The method of producing a silicic coating according to claim 6, wherein the silane compound comprises a nitrogen-mediated compound obtained by removing at least one of X1, X2 and X3 from each of at least two compounds selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by any one of formulas (1) to (3), and bonding together the at least two compounds through nitrogen.
8. The method of producing a silicic coating according to claim 7, wherein the nitrogen-mediated compound comprises a compound represented by any one of formulas (4) to (7)
(wherein in formulas (4) to (7), R1, R2 and R3 are each independently hydrogen, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group of 1 to 4 carbons, an aromatic hydrocarbon group of 6 to 8 carbons which may include a substituent, or a heteroaromatic group of 4 to 8 carbons which may include a substituent; X2 and X3 are each independently chloro, hydroxyl, an alkoxy group of 1 to 3 carbons, or an alkylamino group of 1 to 4 carbons; and the letter n is an integer from 3 to 5; with the proviso that each of formulas (4) to (7) contains at least one photosensitive functional group as R1, R2 andor R3).
9. The method of producing a silicic coating according to claim 1, wherein the photosensitive functional group is a group selected from the group consisting of phenyl, vinyl and pyridinyl.
10. The method of producing a silicic coating according to claim 1, wherein the number of photosensitive functional groups which bond to one silicon atom on the silane compound is at least two.
11. The method of producing a silicic coating according to claim 10, wherein the number of photosensitive functional groups which bond to one silicon atom on the silane compound is three.
12. The method of producing a silicic coating according to claim 1, wherein the light is ultraviolet light or an electron beam.
13. The method of producing a silicic coating according to claim 12, wherein the ultraviolet light is vacuum ultraviolet light.
14. The method of producing a silicic coating according to claim 1, further comprising carrying out heat treatment.
15. The method of producing a silicic coating according to claim 14, wherein the heat treatment is carried out at least at any one time from among before the light irradiation, during the light irradiation and after the light irradiation.
16. A silicic coating produced by the method according to claim 1.
17. A semiconductor device comprising a silicic coating produced by the method according to claim 1.
18. The semiconductor device according to claim 17, comprising a multilayer wiring structure.