1. A method for voltage regulation in an electrical power supply system having a supercapacitor, wherein in a short-term standby mode (ST), an energy supply for the supercapacitor is refreshed as required in order to maintain a minimum energy supply in the supercapacitor.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the energy supply for the supercapacitor is refreshed in the short-term standby mode (ST) when a voltage across the supercapacitor has fallen below a predetermined minimum value (U1).
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein in a long-term standby mode (LT), the energy supply for the supercapacitor is refreshed as a reaction to an activation signal, in order to produce a minimum energy supply in the supercapacitor.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the activation signal is triggered periodically in time after detection of a predetermined event, in particular the opening of a door of a motor vehicle.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein a refreshing process for the energy supply in the short-term standby mode (ST) or in the long-term standby mode (LT) is ended when the voltage across the supercapacitor exceeds a predetermined maximum value (Uh).
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the energy supply for the supercapacitor is refreshed by transferring energy from a battery in the electrical power supply system.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein at the start of the short-term standby mode (ST) or the long-term standby mode (LT), the supercapacitor is discharged down to a predetermined discharge voltage (Uh), with the energy which is withdrawn from the supercapacitor preferably being transferred to a battery in the electrical power supply system.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the short-term standby mode (ST) preferably changes to the long-term standby mode (LT) after a time period of one minute to two months, preferably after about 24 hours.
9. An electrical power supply system comprising a supercapacitor and a monitoring unit, which is coupled to the supercapacitor and is designed to assist with voltage regulation including the ability to enter a short-term standby mode (ST), wherein the energy supply for the supercapacitor is refreshed as needed in order to maintain a minimum energy supply in the supercapacitor.
10. The electrical power supply system according to claim 9, wherein loads having a high dynamic load component are connected to the supercapacitor.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A gas combustion treatment method for the combustion treatment of an ammonia-containing gas and a hydrogen sulfide-containing gas, said method comprising:
a first combustion treatment step in which a fuel and the ammonia-containing gas are introduced and burned;
a nitrogen oxide reduction step downstream of the first combustion treatment step, in which a reducing agent is introduced and the nitrogen oxides produced in the first combustion treatment step are reduced under a reducing atmosphere; and
a second combustion treatment step downstream of the nitrogen oxide reduction step, in which the remaining hydrogen sulfide-containing gas, together with air, is introduced and burned.
2. A gas combustion treatment method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the reducing agent comprises a portion of the ammonia-containing gas or the hydrogen sulfide-containing gas.
3. A gas combustion treatment method as claimed in claim 1 or 2 wherein, in the first combustion treatment step, the combustion treatment is carried out under an oxidizing atmosphere at 1,300 C. or above.
4. A gas combustion treatment method as claimed in claim 1 or 3 wherein, in the nitrogen oxide reduction step, a portion of the ammonia-containing gas is introduced and the nitrogen oxides produced in the first combustion treatment step are reduced under a reducing atmosphere.
5. A gas combustion treatment method as claimed in any of claims 1 to 4 wherein, in the first combustion treatment step, the outlet gas temperature is measured and the flow rate of the fuel is controlled so that the outlet gas temperature will be not less than a predetermined temperature.
6. A gas combustion treatment method as claimed in any of claims 1 to 5 wherein, in the nitrogen oxide reduction step or the second combustion treatment step, the outlet nitrogen oxide concentration is measured and the flow rate of the ammonia-containing gas or hydrogen sulfide-containing gas introduced into the nitrogen oxide reduction step is controlled so that outlet nitrogen oxide concentration will be not greater than a predetermined concentration.
7. A gas combustion apparatus for the combustion treatment of an ammonia-containing gas and a hydrogen sulfide-containing gas, said apparatus comprising:
a first combustion section in which a fuel and the ammonia-containing gas are introduced and burned;
a nitrogen oxide reduction section located downstream of the first combustion section, in which a portion of the hydrogen sulfide-containing gas is introduced and the nitrogen oxides transferred from the first combustion section are reduced under a reducing atmosphere; and
a second combustion section located downstream of the nitrogen oxide reduction section, in which the remaining hydrogen sulfide-containing gas, together with air, is introduced and burned.
8. A gas combustion apparatus as claimed in claim 7 wherein the cross section of the gas flow path extending from the first combustion section to the nitrogen oxide reduction section is made smaller than the cross sections of the first combustion section and the nitrogen oxide reduction section.
9. A gas combustion apparatus as claimed in claim 7 or 8 wherein a radiation shield is provided between the nitrogen oxide reduction section and the second combustion section.