1. A catalysis composition comprising:
a metal oxide catalyst comprising manganese oxide, wherein an x-ray diffraction spectrum of the catalysis composition comprises at least one characteristic peak comprising at least one of a manganosite peak, pyrolusite peak, a bixbyite peak, or a hausmannite peak; and
a support material impregnated with the metal oxide catalyst.
2. The catalysis composition of claim 1, wherein the metal oxide catalyst is impregnated in the support material in an amount ranging from about 5% to about 30% by mass, about 10% to about 25% by mass, or about 12% to about 18% by mass.
3. The catalysis composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one characteristic peak of the x-ray diffraction spectrum corresponds to crystallite domains having average diameters of less than about 20 nanometers.
4. The catalysis composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one characteristic peak comprises a pyrolusite peak and a bixbyite peak.
5. The catalysis composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one characteristic peak comprises a pyrolusite peak and a hausmannite peak.
6. The catalysis composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one characteristic peak comprises a bixbyite peak and a hausmannite peak.
7. The catalysis composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one characteristic peak comprises a bixbyite peak, a pyrolusite peak, and a hausmannite peak.
8. The catalysis composition of claim 1, wherein the metal oxide catalyst is impregnated in the support material such that at least about 15% of a total number of metal atoms in the metal oxide catalyst are detectable by surface x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
9. The catalysis composition of claim 1, wherein the metal oxide catalyst was at least partially derived from a manganese acetate precursor.
10. The catalysis composition of claim 1, wherein the support material is selected from a group consisting of ceria, lanthana, alumina, titania, silica, zirconia, carbons, metal organic framework, clay, zeolites, and combinations thereof.
11. The catalysis composition of claim 1, wherein a surface area of the catalysis composition is at least about 160 m2g.
12. The catalysis composition of claim 1, wherein a cumulative pore volume of the catalysis composition is greater than 0.70 mLg.
13. The catalysis composition of claim 1, wherein a cumulative pore volume of the catalysis composition is greater than 0.80 mLg.
14. The catalysis composition of claim 1, wherein an average pore radius of the catalysis composition ranges from about 6 nanometers to about 15 nanometers.
15. The catalysis composition of claim 1, wherein the catalysis composition, when coated onto a substrate and contacted with an airstream having an initial ozone concentration, is adapted to convert ozone within the airstream such that a final ozone concentration of the airstream is reduced by greater than 30% of the initial ozone concentration after the catalysis composition is contacted with the airstream.
16. The catalysis composition of claim 1, wherein catalysis composition is coated onto an automobile component selected from a group consisting of vehicle paint, a wheel well, a bumper, an air conditioning component, a grille, a fan, a fan blade, a shroud, a shutter, a turbo intercooler, a gear box cooler, a battery cooler, a front end component, a radiator, and a hood liner.
17. The catalysis composition of claim 1, further comprising:
a first binder; and
a second binder.
18. The catalysis composition of claim 17, wherein the first binder is a styrene acrylic binder having a first glass transition temperature ranging from about 5\xb0 C. to about 20\xb0 C., and wherein the second binder is a styrene acrylic binder having a second glass transition temperature ranging from about 70\xb0 C. to about 90\xb0 C.
19. The catalysis composition of claim 1, wherein the catalysis composition, when coated onto a substrate, has a deactivation factor of at least about 0.5.
20. The catalysis composition of claim 1, wherein the metal oxide catalyst comprises a base metal oxide selected from a group consisting of iron, copper, chromium, zinc, manganese, cobalt, nickel, compounds containing the same, and combinations thereof.
21. The catalysis composition of claim 1, wherein the support material is selected from a group consisting of ceria, lanthana, alumina, titania, silica, zirconia, carbons, metal organic framework, clay, zeolites, and combinations thereof.
22. A catalysis device comprising:
an automobile component; and
the catalysis composition of claim 1, wherein the catalysis composition is coated onto the automobile component.
23. A method comprising:
providing a slurry of a catalysis composition, wherein the catalysis composition comprises:
a metal oxide catalyst; and
a support material impregnated with the metal oxide catalyst, wherein an x-ray diffraction spectrum of the catalysis composition comprises at least one characteristic peak comprising at least one of a manganosite peak, pyrolusite peak, a bixbyite peak, or a hausmannite peak; and
coating the slurry onto a substrate to produce a catalyst layer.
24. The method of claim 23, wherein the at least one characteristic peak comprises a pyrolusite peak and a bixbyite peak.
25. The method of claim 23, wherein the at least one characteristic peak comprises a pyrolusite peak and a hausmannite peak.
26. The method of claim 23, wherein the at least one characteristic peak comprises a bixbyite peak and a hausmannite peak.
27. The method of claim 23, wherein the at least one characteristic peak comprises a bixbyite peak, a pyrolusite peak, and a hausmannite peak.
28. The method of claim 23, wherein a surface area of the catalysis composition is at least about 160 m2g.
29. The method of claim 23, wherein coating the slurry onto the substrate comprises drying the slurry at a temperature ranging from about 80\xb0 C. to about 120\xb0 C. to produce the catalyst layer.
30. The method of claim 23, wherein the substrate is a component of an automobile, and wherein the component is selected from a group consisting of vehicle paint, a wheel well, a bumper, an air conditioning component, a grille, a fan, a fan blade, a shroud, a shutter, a turbo intercooler, a gear box cooler, a battery cooler, a front end component, a radiator, and a hood liner.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A multifunctional lug wrench comprising:
a cylindrical elongated member having a closed end and an open end with a cap, the cylindrical elongated member is hollow inside;
a gear ratchet welded into and stands upright from the cylindrical elongated member having an protuberance end;
an extension piece being in a cylindrical elongated shape having a protuberance on a first end and a receiving recess on a second end for removably receiving the protuberance end of the gear ratchet on the cylindrical elongated member whereby the extension piece can be perpendicularly connected to the cylindrical elongated member;
a plurality of sockets all of which include an attachment recess of a common size on one end that allows removably receiving the protuberance on the gear ratchet or extension piece, and each of which including a recess on the other end adapted to removably receive a specific size nut or bolt head on a wheel;
a flashlight attached to the closed end of the cylindrical elongated member;
a super-bright LED bulb mounted on the cylindrical elongated member close to the gear ratchet so that it can illuminate the wheel while opening;
at least one internal battery located inside the cylindrical elongated member and electrically connected with the flashlight and LED bulb and provide power to the flashlight and LED bulb; and
at least one onoff switch button for controlling the power supply to the flashlight and LED bulb;
wherein the cylindrical elongated member can house the plurality of sockets and extension piece inside when they are not in use.
2. The multiple lug wrench of claim 1 wherein the cylindrical elongated member preferably measuring approximately 5 inches in diameter, 1\xbc inches wide, and 22 inches in length.
3. The multiple lug wrench of claim 1 wherein the cylindrical elongated member and extension piece are preferably made of iron or steel.
4. The multiple lug wrench of claim 1 wherein the cylindrical elongated member may have various dimensions or made from various materials.
5. The multiple lug wrench of claim 1 wherein the flashing light preferably having 3 to 4 super bright LED lights.
6. The multiple lug wrench of claim 1 wherein the plurality of sockets preferably includes 17-mm, 19-mm, 21-mm, 23-mm sockets.
7. The multiple lug wrench of claim 1 further comprises rubber grip on both ends of the cylindrical elongated member to facilitate a firm grasp.
8. The multiple lug wrench of claim 1 wherein the extension piece has magnetic material on the surface of the receiving recess and protuberance.
9. The multiple lug wrench of claim 1 wherein the gear ratchet’s protuberance andor sockets’ receiving recess have magnetic material on the surface.
10. The multiple lug wrench of claim 1 wherein the protuberance end of the gear ratchet and the extension piece are square shaped and the receiving recess on the second end of the extension piece is square shaped.
11. The multiple lug wrench of claim 1 wherein the protuberance end of the gear ratchet and the extension piece are hexagon shaped and the receiving recess on the second end of the extension piece are hexagon shaped.
12. The multiple lug wrench of claim 1 may have various sized sockets and extension pieces.
13. The multiple lug wrench of claim 1 wherein the internal battery may be a rechargeable battery.