1. A method to produce plasma by photon radiation from a target body comprising target material having an ablation threshold and an absorbance of said photon radiation, comprising:
selecting an ablation area on the target body for the generation of plasma from a spot on said ablation area,
selecting a radiation geometry for said photon radiation, to focus said photon radiation onto the spot on said target body,
controlling ablation of said target body by:
controlling an ablation depth in said target body by adjusting a spot size of said photon radiation on said ablation area or by scaling the power of said photon radiation for said spot so that the photon radiation fluence exceeds the ablation threshold on said target body in the spot to a selected ablation depth defined by the absorbance of the target material in said spot, and
scaling a spot size andor radiation power of said photon radiation so that the ratio of the spot size dimension to said ablation depth is adjusted to a constant value for said target area for the duration of the scanning with said radiation,
directing said photon radiation along a radiation path from a radiation source to said spot on the target body via a turbine scanner, in which reflective surfaces are faces of a polygon that is arranged to rotate around a rotation axis, and
generating said plasma by scanning said photon radiation so that said spot moves along an ablation path on said ablation area.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said photon radiation is pulsed to radiation pulses.
3. The method of claim 2, comprising setting said turbine seamier to rotate so that at least two photon radiation pulses hit the target body at spots with at least partially overlapping areas.
4. The method according to any one of claim 2 or 3, comprising selecting a pulse length smaller than a characteristic value of the target material that characterizes a relaxation time of the target structure for a thermal energy transference mechanism in said target structure.
5. The method according to claim 2, comprising utilising an electric andor magnetic field to direct the plasma andor to collect particles that have a characteristic measure of size smaller than the value of said ablation depth.
6. The method according to claim 1, comprising selecting said constant value for optimizing the kinetic energy of the plasma.
7. Use of a coating method according to claim 1 for printing andor copying.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein said ablation of said target body is cold ablation.
9. A coating method, comprising:
selecting an ablation area on a target body for the generation of plasma from a spot on said ablation area,
selecting a radiation geometry for a photon radiation, to focus said photon radiation onto the spot on said target body,
controlling ablation of said target body by:
controlling an ablation depth in said target body by adjusting a spot size of said photon radiation on said ablation area or by scaling the power of said photon radiation for said spot so that the photon radiation fluence exceeds the ablation threshold on said target body in the spot to a selected ablation depth defined by the absorbance of the target material in said spot, and
scaling a spot size andor radiation power of said photon radiation so that the ratio of the spot size dimension to said ablation depth is adjusted to a constant value for said target area for the duration of the scanning with said radiation,
directing said photon radiation along a radiation path from a radiation source to said spot on the target body via a turbine scanner, in which reflective surfaces are faces of a polygon that is arranged to rotate around a rotation axis,
generating said plasma by scanning said photon radiation so that said spot moves along an ablation path on said ablation area, and
directing said plasma, generated from said target, onto a surface on a substrate body to be coated.
10. The coating method according to claim 9, comprising optimising, via kinetic energy of said plasma, the adhesion of the plasma constituents onto said surface.
11. The coating method according to claim 10, comprising boosting the kinetic energy of the plasma for improved adhesion onto said surface, wherein said boosting is implemented by accelerating said plasma constituents with an electric andor magnetic field.
12. The coating method according to claim 11, comprising selecting a further constituent for constituting the coating onto the surface via a chemical reaction of a substance originating from at least one of said target body and a material fed into the coating volume surrounding the substrate.
13. The coating method according to claim 12, wherein a second target material is selected for ablation from a second spot, and
between said first spot and said second spot, plasma is generated from a third spot on a different ablation path than the ablation path that goes through said first and said second spots.
14. The coating method according to claim 13, wherein said third spot is on a different ablation path and on a different target than said first and second spots.
15. The coating method according to claim 9, wherein said ablation of said target body is cold ablation.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A tabbed divider making apparatus capable of making tabbed dividers from at least one sheet of paper, the apparatus comprising:
a feeder for providing at, least one sheet of paper to the apparatus;
a film provider for providing film to the at least one sheet of paper traveling through the apparatus;
a film shearing portion having at least one first spring and a punch actuated by the at least one first spring;
a knife package for shearing a portion of the at least one sheet of paper to create a tab;
at least one strut attached to the knife package;
a pivotable arm attached to the at least one strut;
at least one second spring attached to the pivotable arm, the at least one second spring having a loaded position and an unloaded position; and
a cam having an oblong shape;
wherein rotation of the cam causes movement of the at least one second spring between the loaded position and the unloaded position and movement of the at least one second spring from the loaded position to the unloaded position causes the knife package to shear the portion of the at least one sheet of paper, and
wherein the film provider further includes a removable cartridge having a roll of film, the cartridge including a housing including an opening through which the film is passed to the film shearing portion, one or more rollers disposed within the housing for advancing the film, a creasing finger disposed within the housing for providing a crease in the film, and two or more opposed extensions disposed within the housing for folding the film along the crease.
2. The tabbed divider making apparatus of claim 1, further comprising at least two opposed rollers configured to pull a sheet of paper from the feeder.
3. The tabbed divider making apparatus of claim 2, wherein the at least two opposed rollers each include a rubber outer portion.
4. The tabbed divider making apparatus of claim 1, wherein the film is cut by a tip die.
5. The tabbed divider making apparatus of claim 4, further comprising a projection to align the film prior to its being cut by the tip die.
6. The tabbed divider making apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a laminating portion having at least one heated roller.
7. The tabbed divider making apparatus of claim 6, wherein the at least one heated roller is capable of at least partially melting the film.
8. The tabbed divider making apparatus of claim 7, wherein the at least one heated roller includes an outer rubber coating and a heating core.
9. The tabbed divider making apparatus of claim 7, wherein the at least one heated roller includes a heating core, and the at least one heated roller rotates with respect to the apparatus and the heating core does not rotate with respect to the apparatus.
10. The tabbed divider making apparatus of claim 1, further comprising two second springs and two struts.
11. The tabbed divider making apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an aluminum frame.
12. The tabbed divider making apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an output tray.
13. The tabbed divider making apparatus of claim 1, wherein the knife package includes a standard shear and a cut-out corresponding to the dimensions of a tab.
14. The tabbed divider making apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a printer.
15. The tabbed divider making apparatus of claim 14, wherein the printer is an ink jet printer.
16. A method of producing a tabbed divider comprising:
feeding a sheet of paper into a tabbed divider making apparatus;
providing a removable cartridge having a roll of film from which at least a portion of the sheet of paper is provided with film, wherein the cartridge includes a housing including an opening through which the film is passed, one or more rollers disposed within the housing for advancing the film, a creasing finger disposed within the housing for providing a crease in the film, and two or more opposed extensions disposed within the housing for folding the film along the crease;
at least partially laminating the film onto the sheet of paper;
shearing a portion of the laminated sheet of paper to create a tabbed divider, the sheering step including rotating a cam having an oblong shape to cause first and second movements of an arm, the first movement of the arm causing loading of at least one spring and the second movement of the arm allowing for unloading of the at least one spring, the unloading forcing a knife package to shear the portion of the laminated sheet of paper; and
outputting the tabbed divider from the apparatus.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein the step of shearing includes loading and unloading at least two springs.
18. The method of claim 16, wherein the step of providing includes shearing a portion of the film and providing the sheared portion of film to the sheet of paper.
19. The method of claim 18, further comprising folding the film prior to shearing a portion of the film.
20. The method of claim 16, further comprising printing on at least a portion of the sheet of paper.
21. The method of claim 20, wherein the step of printing is performed by an ink jet printer.
22. The method of claim 20, wherein the step of printing includes printing on at least a portion of the laminated portion of the sheet of paper.
23. The method of claim 16, wherein the step of laminating is performed by at least one heated roller.