1. A solvothermal synthesis process of SAPO molecular sieves, wherein the main steps are as following:
a) an organic amine, an aluminum source, a phosphorus source, a silicon source, and water are mixed in a molar ratio of 6-30:1:0.5-5:0.01-1.0:0.1-15, to obtain an initial mixture for preparing the SAPO molecular sieves, wherein the molar ratio of water to the organic amine is less than 2.0;
b) the initial mixture obtained in the step a) is maintained at 30-60\xb0 C. and aged with stirring for not more than 24 hours, to obtain an initial gel;
c) the initial gel obtain in the step b) is crystallized at 150-250\xb0 C. for 0.5-15 days.
2. The solvothermal synthesis process of SAPO molecular sieves according to claim 1, wherein the initial mixture for preparing the SAPO molecular sieves further comprises an organic alcohol therein.
3. The solvothermal synthesis process of SAPO molecular sieves according to claim 2, wherein the organic alcohol is any one of methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, and i-propanol or a mixture thereof.
4. The solvothermal synthesis process of SAPO molecular sieves according to claim 2, wherein the molar ratio of the organic amine, the aluminum source, the phosphorus source, the silicon source, the organic alcohol and water in the initial mixture is 6-30:1:0.5-5:0.01-1.0:0.01-0.50:0.1-15.
5. The solvothermal synthesis process of SAPO molecular sieves according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum source is any one of aluminium isopropoxide, alumina, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum chloride, and aluminum sulfate or a mixture thereof.
6. The solvothermal synthesis process of SAPO-molecular sieves according to claim 1, wherein the phosphorus source is any one of orthophosphoric acid, metaphosphoric acid, a phosphate, and a phosphite or a mixture thereof.
7. The solvothermal synthesis process of SAPO molecular sieves according to claim 1, wherein the silicon source is any one of silica sol, ethyl orthosilicate, and silica or a mixture thereof.
8. The solvothermal synthesis process of SAPO-34 molecular sieves according to claim 1, wherein the organic amine is any one of an organic primary, secondary, and tertiary amine or a mixture thereof.
9. The solvothermal synthesis process of SAPO-34 molecular sieves according to claim 1, wherein the organic amine is any one of morpholine, piperidine, isopropylamine, triethylamine, diethylamine, di-n-propylamine, diisopropylamine, hexamethyleneimine, N\u2032,N\u2032,N,N-tetramethyl-1,6-hexanediamine, and N,N-diisopropylethylamine or a mixture thereof.
10. The solvothermal synthesis process of SAPO molecular sieves according to claim 1, wherein the organic amine is any one of diethylamine, triethylamine, morpholine, hexamethyleneimine, and N,N-diisopropylethylamine or a mixture thereof.
11. The solvothermal synthesis process of SAPO molecular sieves according to claim 1, wherein the SAPO molecular sieve is any one of SAPO-5, SAPO-34, SAPO-11, SAPO-17, SAPO-18, SAPO-35, SAPO-40, SAPO-41, SAPO-43, SAPO-56, and RHO-SAPO or a mixture thereof.
12. The solvothermal synthesis process of SAPO molecular sieves according to claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of the organic amine to water is 0.51-300.
13. The solvothermal synthesis process of SAPO molecular sieves according to claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of the organic amine to water is 1.5-300.
14. The solvothermal synthesis process of SAPO molecular sieves according to claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of the organic amine to water is 3.0-300.
15. The solvothermal synthesis process of SAPO molecular sieves according to claim 1, wherein the aging time in the step b) is 0.5-15 h.
16. The solvothermal synthesis process of SAPO molecular sieves according to claim 1, wherein the crystallization time in the step c) is 1 to 7 days.
17. The solvothermal synthesis process of SAPO molecular sieves according to claim 1, wherein the process further comprises a step of separating, washing, and drying the crystallized product of step c).
18. Catalysts for acid-catalyzed reactions, which are synthesized by the solvothermal synthesis process of SAPO molecular sieves according to claim 1, and are calcined at 400-700\xb0 C. in air.
19. Catalysts for conversion reactions of oxygen-containing compounds to olefins, which are synthesized by the solvothermal synthesis process of SAPO molecular sieves according to claim 1, and are calcined at 400-700\xb0 C. in air.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A semiconductor device interposed between an inputoutput terminal and a ground terminal of a semiconductor integrated circuit, and serving as a protecting element for protecting said semiconductor integrated circuit against electrostatic discharge, said semiconductor device comprising:
an emitter electrode provided on a first main surface of a semiconductor substrate;
a P-type base region disposed in a surface of said first main surface and containing P-type impurities;
an N-type emitter region selectively disposed in a surface of said P-type base region, containing N-type impurities at a relatively higher concentration, and contacting with said emitter electrode;
a base contact region selectively disposed in a surface of said P-type base region, spaced from said N-type emitter region with a spatial clearance, and containing P-type impurities at a relatively higher concentration;
a base electrode disposed on said base contact region; and
an N-type collector region disposed in a surface of said second main surface, containing N-type impurities at a relatively higher concentration, and electrically contacting with a collector electrode; wherein
said emitter electrode is connected to said inputoutput terminal; and
said base electrode and said collector electrode are connected to a ground potential.
2. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising a first P-type impurity region formed in said P-type base region located beneath said N-type emitter region so as to contact with said N-type emitter region.
3-13 are cancelled.