1-28. (canceled)
29. A fluoropolymer liquid composition comprising a fluoropolymer liquid (A) which comprises a liquid medium and a crosslinkable functional group-containing crosslinkable fluoropolymer,
wherein said fluoropolymer liquid (A) is a fluoropolymer liquid dispersion (AD) having, dispersed in a liquid dispersion medium, particles of a crosslinkable fluoropolymer (PD) containing acidacid salt groups or organic groups capable of undergoing hydrolysis and thus being converted to carboxyl groups, or a fluoropolymer solution (AS) having, dissolved in a fluorosolvent or an alcoholwater mixed solvent, a crosslinkable fluoropolymer (PS) containing acidacid salt groups or acidacid salt groups precursors;
said acidacid salt groups are sulfonic acid groups, carboxyl groups or groups of the formula \u2014SO2NR2R3, \u2014SO3NR4R5R6R7, \u2014SO3M11L, \u2014COONR8R9R10R11 or \u2014COOM21L, wherein R2 represents a hydrogen atom or M51L, R3 represents an alkyl group or a sulfonyl-containing group, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10 and R11 are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, and M1, M2 and M5 each represents a metal having a valence of L, said metal having a valence of L being a metal belonging to the group 1, 2, 4, 8, 11, 12 or 13 of the periodic table; and
said acidacid salt groups precursors are \u2014SO2F, \u2014SO2NR22R23 (wherein R22 and R23 are the same or different and each represents an alkyl group) or organic groups capable of undergoing hydrolysis and thus being converted to carboxyl groups,
wherein the crosslinkable functional group is a cyano group, \u2014I or \u2014Br.
30. The fluoropolymer liquid composition according to claim 29,
wherein said fluoropolymer liquid composition comprises the fluoropolymer liquid (A) and, further, a crosslinking agent (B),
said crosslinking agent (B) being;
a crosslinking agent (B1) represented by the general formula (III):
wherein one of R19 and R20 represents \u2014NH2 and the other represents \u2014NH2, \u2014NH-Ph, \u2014OH or \u2014SH, Ph represents phenyl group and R21 represents \u2014SO2\u2014, \u2014O\u2014, \u2014CO\u2014, an alkylene group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a perfluoroalkylene group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a single bond, or
a polyfunctional unsaturated compound.
31. The fluoropolymer liquid composition according to claim 30,
wherein the crosslinkable functional group is a cyano group,
said crosslinking agent (B) being a crosslinking agent (B1) represented by the general formula (III):
wherein one of R19 and R20 represents \u2014NH2 and the other represents \u2014NH2, \u2014NH-Ph, \u2014OH or \u2014SH, Ph represents phenyl group and R21 represents \u2014SO2\u2014, \u2014O\u2014, \u2014CO\u2014, an alkylene group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a perfluoroalkylene group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a single bond.
32. The fluoropolymer liquid composition according to claim 31, wherein R19 and R20 each is \u2014NH2 or one of them is \u2014NH2 and the other is \u2014NH-Ph.
33. The fluoropolymer liquid composition according to claim 30,
wherein the crosslinkable functional group is \u2014I or \u2014Br,
said crosslinking agent (B) being a polyfunctional unsaturated compound.
34. The fluoropolymer liquid composition according to claim 33,
wherein the polyfunctional unsaturated compound is triallyl isocyanurate.
35. The fluoropolymer liquid composition according to claim 29,
wherein said acidacid salt groups, said acidacid salt groups precursors, and said organic groups capable of undergoing hydrolysis and thus being converted to carboxyl groups are each bound to a fluoroether side chain represented by the general formula (I):
\u2014O\u2014(CF2CFY1\u2014O)n\u2014(CFY2)m\u2014\u2003\u2003(I)
wherein Y1 represents a fluorine or chlorine atom or a perfluoroalkyl group, n represents an integer of 0 to 3, the n atomsgroups of Y1 may be the same or different, Y2 represents a fluorine or chlorine atom, m represents an integer of 1 to 5, and the m atoms of Y2 may be the same or different; and
wherein said fluoroether side chain is bound, via ether bonding, to a carbon atom constituting a perfluoroethylene unit in the main chain of the crosslinkable fluoropolymer.
36. The fluoropolymer liquid composition according to claim 29,
wherein said crosslinkable fluoropolymer is a fluoropolymer precursor obtained by polymerizing a fluorovinyl ether derivative represented by the general formula (II):
CF2\u2550CF\u2014O\u2014(CF2CFY1\u2014O)n\u2014(CFY2)m-A\u2003\u2003(II)
wherein Y1 represents a fluorine or chlorine atom or a perfluoroalkyl group, n represents an integer of 0 to 3, the n atomsgroups of Y1 may be the same or different, Y2 represents a fluorine or chlorine atom, m represents an integer of 1 to 5, the m atoms of Y2 may be the same or different, and A represents \u2014SO2X, \u2014COOM31L, or an organic group capable of undergoing hydrolysis and thus being converted to a carboxyl group; X represents a halogen atom, \u2014OM41L, \u2014NR13R14 or \u2014ONR15R16R17R18, wherein R13 and R14 are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal, an alkyl group or a sulfonyl-containing group, M3 and M4 each represents a metal having a valence of L, and R15, R16, R17 and R18 are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms,
or one derived from said fluoropolymer precursor.
37. The fluoropolymer liquid composition according to claim 36,
wherein said fluoropolymer precursor is an at least binary copolymer obtained by polymerization of said fluorovinyl ether derivative and a fluoroethylenic monomer.
38. The fluoropolymer liquid composition according to claim 36,
wherein Y1 is a trifluoromethyl group, Y2 is a fluorine atom, n is 0 or 1, and m is 2.
39. The fluoropolymer liquid composition according to claim 29,
wherein the organic groups capable of undergoing hydrolysis and thus being converted to carboxyl groups are \u2014COOR12, in which R12 represents an alkyl group, or \u2014CONR24R25, in which R24 and R25 are the same or different and each represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom.
40. The fluoropolymer liquid composition according to claim 29,
said fluoropolymer liquid composition comprising the fluoropolymer liquid (A) and, further, at least one alcohol (C) selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, propanol and tetrafluoropropanol.
41. The fluoropolymer liquid composition according to claim 29,
said fluoropolymer liquid composition comprising the fluoropolymer liquid (A) and, further, a film-forming auxiliary agent (D),
said film-forming auxiliary agent (D) being an organic liquid miscible with water and having a boiling point exceeding 100\xb0 C. but not exceeding 300\xb0 C.
42. The fluoropolymer liquid composition according to claim 41,
wherein the acidacid salt groups precursors each is \u2014SO2NR22R23 or a group capable of undergoing hydrolysis and thus being converted to a carboxyl group, R22 and R23 being as defined above and
wherein the film-forming auxiliary agent (D) is (1) a phosphate ester, (2) an ethylene oxide oligomer monohydroxy ether andor a cyclic amide or a cyclic amide derivative.
43. The fluoropolymer liquid composition according to claim 29, said fluoropolymer liquid composition comprising the fluoropolymer liquid (A) and, further, an active substance (E).
44. The fluoropolymer liquid composition according to claim 29,
wherein said crosslinkable fluoropolymer contains sulfonic acid groups or carboxyl groups, or salt forms of sulfonic acid groups or carboxyl groups, said crosslinkable fluoropolymer is obtained by hydrolysis, in the presence of water, of groups of the formula \u2014SO2X1 or \u2014COZ1 contained in the fluoropolymer precursor, X1 representing a halogen atom and Z1 representing an alkoxyl group.
45. The fluoropolymer liquid composition according to claim 29,
wherein the fluoropolymer liquid (A) is a fluoropolymer liquid dispersion (AD) and
wherein the solid matter concentration of said fluoropolymer liquid dispersion (AD) is 2 to 80% by mass.
46. The fluoropolymer liquid composition according to claim 45,
the fluoropolymer liquid dispersion (AD) being a fluoropolymer aqueous dispersion (ADA) in which the liquid dispersion medium is an aqueous dispersion medium,
said aqueous dispersion medium having a water content of 10 to 100% by mass.
47. The fluoropolymer liquid composition according to claim 29,
wherein the fluoropolymer liquid (A) is a fluoropolymer solution (AS) and
wherein the crosslinkable fluoropolymer (PS) amounts to 0.1 to 10% by mass of said fluoropolymer liquid composition.
48. A method of producing a fluorine-containing cured article,
in which the fluoropolymer liquid composition according to claim 29 is applied to a substrate or a porous material is immersed in said composition, the liquid medium is then removed and a crosslinking treatment is carried out to produce said fluorine-containing cured article.
49. A method of producing a fluorine-containing cured article,
in which the fluoropolymer liquid composition according to claim 30 is applied to a substrate or a porous material is immersed in said composition, the liquid medium is then removed and a crosslinking treatment is carried out using a peroxide compound as a crosslinking reaction initiator to produce said fluorine-containing cured article.
50. The method of producing a fluorine-containing cured article according to claim 48,
wherein the crosslinking treatment is a crosslinking treatment using high energy.
51. The method of producing a fluorine-containing cured article according to claim 50,
wherein the crosslinking treatment using high energy is carried out by heating, exposure to radiation, electron beam irradiation or photoirradiation.
52. The method of producing a fluorine-containing cured article according to claim 48,
wherein said fluorine-containing cured article comprises an immobilized active substance cured article containing an active substance (E).
53. The method of producing a fluorine-containing cured article according to claim 52,
wherein the active substance (E) is a catalyst.
54. The method of producing a fluorine-containing cured article according to claim 53,
wherein the catalyst is a platinum-containing metal.
55. The method of producing a fluorine-containing cured article according to claim 52,
wherein the immobilized active substance cured article is an electrode body for a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell.
56. The method of producing a fluorine-containing cured article according to claim 48,
wherein said fluorine-containing cured article is an electrolyte membrane.
57. The method of producing a fluorine-containing cured article according to claim 52,
wherein said fluorine-containing cured article is a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) which is the electrode body for a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell joining together with the electrolyte membrane.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A system for bonding, comprising:
a controller configured to control a plurality of heating elements to selectively heat an initial location of a sample to melt a bonding layer at an interface between a first layer and a second layer of the sample, and propagate the heating in a direction away from the initial location such that a melt front of the bonding layer is translated across the interface to provide a void free bond between the first layer and the second layer.
2. The system as recited in claim 1, wherein the first layer includes a thin film and the second layer includes a substrate.
3. The system as recited in claim 1, wherein the bonding layer includes a bonding metallization layer.
4. A system for bonding, comprising:
a plurality of heating elements; and
a controller configured to control the plurality of heating elements to selectively heat an initial location of a sample to melt a bonding layer at an interface between a first layer and a second layer of the sample, and propagate the heating in a direction away from the initial location such that a melt front of the bonding layer is translated across the interface to provide a void free bond between the first layer and the second layer.
5. The system as recited in claim 4, further comprising a vacuum configured to control an environment of the sample.
6. The system as recited in claim 5, further comprising a gas introduced in the vacuum to alter the surface of the bonding layers.
7. The system as recited in claim 4, further comprising a membrane configured to conform over a surface of the sample for improved thermal contact.
8. The system as recited in claim 4, wherein the direction is selected based on at least one of a shape and size of the sample.
9. The system as recited in claim 4, wherein the direction includes at least one of side to side and center to edge.
10. The system as recited in claim 4, wherein the first layer includes a thin film and the second layer includes a substrate.
11. The system as recited in claim 4, wherein the bonding layer includes a bonding metallization layer.