1. A prosthetic valve assembly comprising:
an implantable prosthetic valve;
a radially expandable stent comprising at least one expandable zone that is configured, in an expanded state, to bear against a wall of the native body lumen in a manner so as to resist migration; and
means for mounting the valve on the stent such that, when expanded, the valve is positioned outside of the zone;
wherein the mounting means is configured such that the valve is axially movable with respect to the stent between a position of non-implantation outside the first zone to be expanded, and a position of implantation, which it can reach after expansion of the stent, in which it is immobilized axially with respect to the stent; and
wherein the mounting means comprises at least one band integrated in the peripheral wall of the valve and having a shape memory, so that it keeps the valve pressed against the stent in the position of implantation of this valve.
2. The assembly of claim 1, further comprising expansion means to expand at least the zone of the stent at the desired implantation site.
3. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the band comprises a wire.
4. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the band is circular in shape.
5. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the band is helical in shape.
6. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the mounting means is configured such that, beyond a threshold of expansion of the stent, said means permits a different amount of expansion of the valve and the stent, whereby the variation in the degree of expansion of the stent does not substantially impact the degree of expansion of the valve.
7. The assembly of claim 1, further comprising means for limiting the expansion of the valve.
8. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the valve comprises a peripheral wall with a tapered diameter in the axial direction and the zone of the stent supporting the valve has a corresponding shape.
9. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the stent comprises a middle portion having a smaller diameter than at end portions thereof, the valve having a shape corresponding to that zone of the stent in whose area it is intended to be mounted.
10. The assembly of claim 1, further comprising a sheath that comprises an impermeable biocompatible material and at least partially covers the stent.
11. The assembly of claim 10, wherein the sheath has lateral openings that are configured to be positioned opposite the coronary ostia when implanted.
12. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the stent comprises a cylindrical portion that is configured to bear against the native cardiac valvular ring and a distal portion connected to the cylindrical portion.
13. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the stent comprises a tapered proximal portion whose diameter decreases in the distal direction and is configured to, upon implantation, to bear against the wall of the ventricle or corresponding auricle of the heart.
14. The assembly of claim 13, further comprising a supplementary bearing portion on the stent connected by rods to the distal portion or to the cylindrical portion, the rods configured of sufficient length so that, when implanted, the supplementary bearing portion is positioned beyond the coronary ostia.
15. The assembly of claim 1, further comprising retractable hooks on the stent to minimize migration.
16. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the stent comprises a portion of high radial force.
17. A prosthetic valve assembly comprising:
an implantable prosthetic valve;
a radially expandable stent comprising at least one expandable zone that is configured, in an expanded state, to bear against a wall of the native body lumen in a manner so as to resist migration; and
means for mounting the valve on the stent such that, when expanded, the valve is positioned outside of the zone;
wherein the stent comprises a middle portion having a smaller diameter than at end portions thereof, the valve having a shape corresponding to that zone of the stent in whose area it is intended to be mounted; and
wherein the middle portion forms two inverted truncated cones.
18. The assembly of claim 17, further comprising expansion means to expand at least the zone of the stent at the desired implantation site.
19. The assembly of claim 17, wherein the mounting means is configured such that the valve is axially movable with respect to the stent between a position of non-implantation outside the first zone to be expanded, and a position of implantation, which it can reach after expansion of the stent, in which it is immobilized axially with respect to the stent.
20. The assembly of claim 19, wherein the mounting means comprises radially positioned fastening members mounted on the valve configured to be inserted into the body wall.
21. The assembly of claim 20, wherein the fastening member are configured to insert into the body upon a pivoting of the valve about its axis.
22. The assembly of claim 20, wherein the fastening member are configured to insert into the body upon a longitudinal movement of the valve with respect to the stent.
23. The assembly of claim 20, wherein the fastening members comprise spikes, hooks or claws.
24. The assembly of claim 19, wherein the mounting means comprises at least one band integrated in the peripheral wall of the valve and having a shape memory, so that it keeps the valve pressed against the stent in the position of implantation of this valve.
25. The assembly of claim 24, wherein the band comprises a wire.
26. The assembly of claim 24, wherein the band is circular in shape.
27. The assembly of claim 24, wherein the band is helical in shape.
28. The assembly of claim 19, wherein the mounting means comprises conduits.
29. The assembly of claim 28, further comprising rods configured to engage and slide through the conduits as the valve moves from its position of non-implantation to its position of implantation.
30. The assembly of claim 29, further comprising means to immobilize the conduits with respect to the rods in the position of implantation.
31. The assembly of claim 30, further comprising wires connected to the rods and configured to pass through said conduits to guide said rods in the conduits.
32. The assembly of claim 17, wherein the mounting means is configured such that, beyond a threshold of expansion of the stent, said means permits a different amount of expansion of the valve and the stent, whereby the variation in the degree of expansion of the stent does not substantially impact the degree of expansion of the valve.
33. The assembly of claim 17, further comprising means for limiting the expansion of the valve.
34. The assembly of claim 17, wherein the valve comprises a peripheral wall with a tapered diameter in the axial direction and the zone of the stent supporting the valve has a corresponding shape.
35. The assembly of claim 17, wherein the valve has a peripheral wall and the stent has, in the distal continuation of that zone of the stent intended to receive the valve, a foldable portion movable between an extended position, in which it is situated in the distal continuation of said zone, and a folded position, in which it is placed against the inner face of the peripheral wall of the valve, and traps this peripheral wall between it and said zone of the stent.
36. The assembly of claim 35, further comprising retaining means for keeping this foldable portion in a folded position.
37. The assembly of claim 17, further comprising a sheath that comprises an impermeable biocompatible material and at least partially covers the stent.
38. The assembly of claim 37, wherein the sheath has lateral openings that are configured to be positioned opposite the coronary ostia when implanted.
39. The assembly of claim 17, wherein the stent comprises a cylindrical portion that is configured to bear against the native cardiac valvular ring and a distal portion connected to the cylindrical portion.
40. The assembly of claim 17, wherein the stent comprises a tapered proximal portion whose diameter decreases in the distal direction and is configured to, upon implantation, to bear against the wall of the ventricle or corresponding auricle of the heart.
41. The assembly of claim 40, further comprising a supplementary bearing portion on the stent connected by rods to the distal portion or to the cylindrical portion, the rods configured of sufficient length so that, when implanted, the supplementary bearing portion is positioned beyond the coronary ostia.
42. The assembly of claim 17, further comprising retractable hooks on the stent to minimize migration.
43. The assembly of claim 17, wherein the stent comprises a portion of high radial force.
44. A prosthetic valve assembly comprising:
an implantable prosthetic valve;
a radially expandable stent comprising at least one expandable zone that is configured, in an expanded state, to bear against a wall of the native body lumen in a manner so as to resist migration; and
means for mounting the valve on the stent such that, when expanded, the valve is positioned outside of the zone;
wherein the stent comprises a middle portion having a smaller diameter than at end portions thereof, the valve having a shape corresponding to that zone of the stent in whose area it is intended to be mounted; and
wherein the middle portion forms an hourglass shape.
45. The assembly of claim 44, further comprising expansion means to expand at least the zone of the stent at the desired implantation site.
46. The assembly of claim 44, wherein the mounting means is configured such that the valve is axially movable with respect to the stent between a position of non-implantation outside the first zone to be expanded, and a position of implantation, which it can reach after expansion of the stent, in which it is immobilized axially with respect to the stent.
47. The assembly of claim 46, wherein the mounting means comprises radially positioned fastening members mounted on the valve configured to be inserted into the body wall.
48. The assembly of claim 47, wherein the fastening member are configured to insert into the body upon a pivoting of the valve about its axis.
49. The assembly of claim 47, wherein the fastening member are configured to insert into the body upon a longitudinal movement of the valve with respect to the stent.
50. The assembly of claim 47, wherein the fastening members comprise spikes, hooks or claws.
51. The assembly of claim 46, wherein the mounting means comprises at least one band integrated in the peripheral wall of the valve and having a shape memory, so that it keeps the valve pressed against the stent in the position of implantation of this valve.
52. The assembly of claim 51, wherein the band comprises a wire.
53. The assembly of claim 51, wherein the band is circular in shape.
54. The assembly of claim 51, wherein the band is helical in shape.
55. The assembly of claim 46, wherein the mounting means comprises conduits.
56. The assembly of claim 55, further comprising rods configured to engage and slide through the conduits as the valve moves from its position of non-implantation to its position of implantation.
57. The assembly of claim 56, further comprising means to immobilize the conduits with respect to the rods in the position of implantation.
58. The assembly of claim 57, further comprising wires connected to the rods and configured to pass through said conduits to guide said rods in the conduits.
59. The assembly of claim 44, wherein the mounting means is configured such that, beyond a threshold of expansion of the stent, said means permits a different amount of expansion of the valve and the stent, whereby the variation in the degree of expansion of the stent does not substantially impact the degree of expansion of the valve.
60. The assembly of claim 44, further comprising means for limiting the expansion of the valve.
61. The assembly of claim 44, wherein the valve comprises a peripheral wall with a tapered diameter in the axial direction and the zone of the stent supporting the valve has a corresponding shape.
62. The assembly of claim 44, wherein the valve has a peripheral wall and the stent has, in the distal continuation of that zone of the stent intended to receive the valve, a foldable portion movable between an extended position, in which it is situated in the distal continuation of said zone, and a folded position, in which it is placed against the inner face of the peripheral wall of the valve, and traps this peripheral wall between it and said zone of the stent.
63. The assembly of claim 62, further comprising retaining means for keeping this foldable portion in a folded position.
64. The assembly of claim 44, further comprising a sheath that comprises an impermeable biocompatible material and at least partially covers the stent.
65. The assembly of claim 64, wherein the sheath has lateral openings that are configured to be positioned opposite the coronary ostia when implanted.
66. The assembly of claim 44, wherein the stent comprises a cylindrical portion that is configured to bear against the native cardiac valvular ring and a distal portion connected to the cylindrical portion.
67. The assembly of claim 44, wherein the stent comprises a tapered proximal portion whose diameter decreases in the distal direction and is configured to, upon implantation, to bear against the wall of the ventricle or corresponding auricle of the heart.
68. The assembly of claim 67, further comprising a supplementary bearing portion on the stent connected by rods to the distal portion or to the cylindrical portion, the rods configured of sufficient length so that, when implanted, the supplementary bearing portion is positioned beyond the coronary ostia.
69. The assembly of claim 44, further comprising retractable hooks on the stent to minimize migration.
70. The assembly of claim 44, wherein the stent comprises a portion of high radial force.
71. A prosthetic valve assembly comprising:
an implantable prosthetic valve;
a radially expandable stent comprising at least one expandable zone that is configured, in an expanded state, to bear against a wall of the native body lumen in a manner so as to resist migration;
a sheath that comprises an impermeable biocompatible material and at least partially covers the stent; and
means for mounting the valve on the stent such that, when expanded, the valve is positioned outside of the zone.
72. The assembly of claim 71, further comprising expansion means to expand at least the zone of the stent at the desired implantation site.
73. The assembly of claim 71, wherein the mounting means is configured such that the valve is axially movable with respect to the stent between a position of non-implantation outside the first zone to be expanded, and a position of implantation, which it can reach after expansion of the stent, in which it is immobilized axially with respect to the stent.
74. The assembly of claim 73, wherein the mounting means comprises at least one band integrated in the peripheral wall of the valve and having a shape memory, so that it keeps the valve pressed against the stent in the position of implantation of this valve.
75. The assembly of claim 74, wherein the band comprises a wire.
76. The assembly of claim 74, wherein the band is circular in shape.
77. The assembly of claim 74, wherein the band is helical in shape.
78. The assembly of claim 71, wherein the mounting means is configured such that, beyond a threshold of expansion of the stent, said means permits a different amount of expansion of the valve and the stent, whereby the variation in the degree of expansion of the stent does not substantially impact the degree of expansion of the valve.
79. The assembly of claim 71, further comprising means for limiting the expansion of the valve.
80. The assembly of claim 71, wherein the stent comprises a middle portion having a smaller diameter than at end portions thereof, the valve having a shape corresponding to that zone of the stent in whose area it is intended to be mounted.
81. The assembly of claim 71, wherein the sheath has lateral openings that are configured to be positioned opposite the coronary ostia when implanted.
82. The assembly of claim 71, wherein the stent comprises a cylindrical portion that is configured to bear against the native cardiac valvular ring and a distal portion connected to the cylindrical portion.
83. The assembly of claim 71, wherein the stent comprises a tapered proximal portion whose diameter decreases in the distal direction and is configured to, upon implantation, to bear against the wall of the ventricle or corresponding auricle of the heart.
84. The assembly of claim 71, further comprising retractable hooks on the stent to minimize migration.
85. The assembly of claim 71, wherein the stent comprises a portion of high radial force.
86. A prosthetic valve assembly comprising:
an implantable prosthetic valve;
a radially expandable stent comprising at least one expandable zone that is configured, in an expanded state, to bear against a wall of the native body lumen in a manner so as to resist migration;
means for mounting the valve on the stent such that, when expanded, the valve is positioned outside of the zone; and
retractable hooks on the stent to minimize migration.
87. The assembly of claim 86, further comprising expansion means to expand at least the zone of the stent at the desired implantation site.
88. The assembly of claim 86, where in the stent is mounted within a second zone distinct from the first zone.
89. The assembly of claim 86, wherein the mounting means is configured such that the valve is axially movable with respect to the stent between a position of non-implantation outside the first zone to be expanded, and a position of implantation, which it can reach after expansion of the stent, in which it is immobilized axially with respect to the stent.
90. The assembly of claim 86, wherein the mounting means is configured such that, beyond a threshold of expansion of the stent, said means permits a different amount of expansion of the valve and the stent, whereby the variation in the degree of expansion of the stent does not substantially impact the degree of expansion of the valve.
91. The assembly of claim 86, further comprising means for limiting the expansion of the valve.
92. The assembly of claim 86, wherein the valve comprises a peripheral wall with a tapered diameter in the axial direction and the zone of the stent supporting the valve has a corresponding shape.
93. The assembly of claim 86, wherein the stent comprises a middle portion having a smaller diameter than at end portions thereof, the valve having a shape corresponding to that zone of the stent in whose area it is intended to be mounted.
94. The assembly of claim 86, wherein the valve has a peripheral wall and the stent has, in the distal continuation of that zone of the stent intended to receive the valve, a foldable portion movable between an extended position, in which it is situated in the distal continuation of said zone, and a folded position, in which it is placed against the inner face of the peripheral wall of the valve, and traps this peripheral wall between it and said zone of the stent.
95. The assembly of claim 94, further comprising retaining means for keeping this foldable portion in a folded position.
96. The assembly of claim 86, further comprising a sheath that comprises an impermeable biocompatible material and at least partially covers the stent.
97. The assembly of claim 96, wherein the sheath has lateral openings that are configured to be positioned opposite the coronary ostia when implanted.
98. The assembly of claim 86, wherein the stent comprises a cylindrical portion that is configured to bear against the native cardiac valvular ring and a distal portion connected to the cylindrical portion.
99. The assembly of claim 86, wherein the stent comprises a tapered proximal portion whose diameter decreases in the distal direction and is configured to, upon implantation, to bear against the wall of the ventricle or corresponding auricle of the heart.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A sheet material formed by a wet-process sheet production method from a mixture of burned plant material and fibrous material.
2. The sheet material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the burned plant material is a burned material of rice husk, a burned material of rice bran, a burned material of soybean hulls, a burned material of rapeseed meal, a burned material of inner skin of peanut, a burned material of conduit side wall portion of seed plant, or a burned material of cacao husk.
3. The sheet material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the burned plant material contains a spiral portion.
4. The sheet material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fibrous material is a thermoplastic resin fiber, a thermosetting resin fiber, a natural fiber, a semisynthetic fiber, a glass fiber, an inorganic fiber, a metal fiber, or one of these combinations.
5. The sheet material as claimed in claim 1, in addition, wherein a metal filler is mixed.
6. The sheet material as claimed in claim 1, wherein a mixing ratio of the fibrous material and the metal filler is 1:3 to 3:1.
7. The sheet material as claimed in claim 1, wherein, after the wet-process sheet production, the sheet material is pressurized under a condition that a bulk density becomes 0.5 gcm3 or above.
8. The sheet material as claimed in claim 1, wherein, in addition, a matrix consisting of a thermosetting resin, or, a thermoplastic resin is mixed.
9. A burned plant material included in the sheet material as claimed in claim 1.
10. A method producing for a sheet material, wherein the method is to form a sheet by wet-process sheet production using a sheet making slurry obtained by mixing a fibrous material and a burned plant material in water.
11. An electromagnetic shielding member, wherein the electromagnetic shielding member consists of a sheet material using a burned plant material.
12. An electromagnetic shielding member consisting of a sheet material formed by a wet-process sheet production method from a mixture of burned plant material, fibrous material and metal filler.
13. An electromagnetic shielding member laminated a sheet material using a burned plant material and a sheet material formed by a wet-process sheet production method from a mixture of burned plant material, fibrous material and metal filler.