1. A microwave sensor module for authenticating a person using data related to the person’s heartbeat, comprising:
at least one receiver configured to receive a reflected microwave signal from a person that contains information related to the person’s heartbeat;
a processor;
a memory containing an authentication application, wherein the authentication application configures the processor to:
extract heartbeat data from the reflected signal related to displacement as a result of the person’s heartbeat;
compare the extracted heartbeat data against at least one template profile; and
authenticate the person based upon the comparison of the extracted heartbeat data and the at least one template profile.
2. The microwave sensor module of claim 1, further comprising at least one transmitter configured to transmit a continuous wave (CW) radio frequency (RF) signal.
3. The microwave sensor module of claim 2, wherein the at least one transmitter is built in to a mobile device.
4. The microwave sensor module of claim 2, wherein the at least one transmitter is built in to an external illumination source.
5. The microwave sensor module of claim 3, wherein the transmitted RF signal is a Bluetooth signal.
6. The microwave sensor module of claim 3, wherein the transmitted RF signal is a WI-FI signal.
7. The microwave sensor module of claim 3, wherein the transmitted RF signal is a cellular phone signal.
8. The microwave sensor module of claim 2, wherein the authentication application further configures the processor to receive a portion of the transmitted RF signal using the at least one receiver, wherein the received portion of the transmitted RF signal is utilized as a reference for coherent detection.
9. The microwave sensor module of claim 2, wherein the authentication application further configures the processor to receive a portion of the transmitted RF signal using the at least one receiver, wherein the received portion of the transmitted RF signal is utilized for noise cancellation.
10. The microwave sensor module of claim 1, wherein the authentication application further configures the processor to extract heartbeat data from the reflected signal by:
extracting raw data from the reflected signal by constructing an IQ radar returns matrix and IQ time series waveforms;
bandpass filtering the IQ time series waveforms to remove effects due to respiration and to isolate heartbeat only IQ time series waveforms;
translating and rotating the heartbeat only IQ time series waveforms to lie along the Q-axis, where a scaled imaginary part yields heartbeat displacement waveforms;
segmenting the heartbeat displacement waveforms into non-overlapping data windows (DW) of a fixed duration; and
removing anomalous DW from the data set, where anomalous DW include any DW whose root mean square or maximum absolute value is outside of a specified interval.
11. The microwave sensor module of claim 10, wherein the authentication application further configures the processor to extract heartbeat data from the reflected signal by:
smoothing the IQ time series waveforms to mitigate against outlier data points caused by motion artifacts;
removing affine trends from the IQ time series waveforms to mitigate against stationary clutter effects; and
removing affine trends from the heartbeat only IQ time series waveforms to remove residual clutter effects.
12. The microwave sensor module of claim 1, wherein a smoothed differentiator pre-filter is utilized to enhance the heartbeat data.
13. A method of authenticating a person using data related to the person’s heartbeat, the method comprising:
receiving a reflected microwave signal from a person using at least one receiver, where the reflected signal contains information related to the person’s heartbeat;
extracting heartbeat data from the reflected signal, where the heartbeat data is related to displacement as a result of the person’s heartbeat;
comparing the extracted heartbeat data against at least one template profile; and
authenticating the person based upon the comparison of the extracted heartbeat data and the at least one template profile.
14. The method of claim 13, further comprising transmitting a continuous wave (CW) radio frequency (RF) signal using at least one transmitter.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the at least one transmitter is built in to a mobile device.
16. The method of claim 14, wherein the at least one transmitter is built in to an external illumination source.
17. The method of claim 15, wherein the transmitted RF signal is a Bluetooth signal.
18. The method of claim 15, wherein the transmitted RF signal is a WI-FI signal.
19. The method of claim 15, wherein the transmitted RF signal is a cellular phone signal.
20. The method of claim 14, further comprising receiving a portion of the transmitted RF signal using the at least one receiver, wherein the received portion of the transmitted RF signal is utilized as a reference for coherent detection.
21. The method of claim 14, further comprising receiving a portion of the transmitted RF signal using the at least one receiver, wherein the received portion of the transmitted RF signal is utilized for noise cancellation.
22. The method of claim 13, wherein the extracting heartbeat data from the reflected signal comprises:
extracting raw data from the reflected signal by constructing an IQ radar returns matrix and IQ time series waveforms;
bandpass filtering the IQ time series waveforms to remove effects due to respiration and to isolate heartbeat only IQ time series waveforms;
translating and rotating the heartbeat only IQ time series waveforms to lie along the Q-axis, where a scaled imaginary part yields heartbeat displacement waveforms;
segmenting the heartbeat displacement waveforms into non-overlapping data windows (DW) of a fixed duration; and
removing anomalous DW from the data set, where anomalous DW include any DW whose root mean square or maximum absolute value is outside of a specified interval.
23. The method of claim 22, wherein the extracting heartbeat data from the reflected signal further comprises:
smoothing the IQ time series waveforms to mitigate against outlier data points caused by motion artifacts;
removing affine trends from the IQ time series waveforms to mitigate against stationary clutter effects; and
removing affine trends from the heartbeat only IQ time series waveforms to remove residual clutter effects.
24. The method of claim 13, wherein a smoothed differentiator pre-filter is utilized to enhance the heartbeat data.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for processing information, comprising:
processing a first frame of a first group of frames of an information transmission, wherein the first frame is processed without reference to other frames of the information transmission; and
processing a second frame in the first group of frames, wherein the second frame is processed with reference to a frame from a second group of frames of the information transmission.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the second group of frames is processed before the first group of frames.
3. The method of claim 1, further comprising encrypting the first group of frames, wherein the second frame is encrypted with a first encryption key and at least one other frame of the first group of frames is encrypted with a second encryption key.
4. The method of claim 3, further comprising encrypting a third group of frames of the information transmission, the third group of frames comprises a third frame encrypted with the first encryption key, wherein the third frame is processed with reference to a frame from one of the first group of frames or the second group of frames.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein a number of frames between the second frame and the third frame in the information transmission is determined by at least one of a speed to play the information transmission or a resolution to play the information transmission.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the frame from the second group of frames is processed without reference to other frames of the information transmission.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the frame from the second group of frames is processed with reference to at least one fourth frame of the information transmission.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the first group of frames is separated from the second group of frames by one or more fourth group of frames of the information transmission.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein processing the second frame with reference to the frame from a second group of frames comprises processing a difference between the second frame and at least the frame from the second group of frames.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the information transmission is a video transmission.
11. A method for processing information, comprising:
receiving a request to update rendering of an information transmission;
processing a first frame from a first group of frames of the information transmission based on the request, the first group of frames having at least one frame processed without reference to other frames of the information transmission; and
processing a second frame from one of the first group of frames of the information transmission or a second group of frames of the information transmission based on the request, the second group of frames having at least one frame processed without reference to other frames of the information transmission, wherein processing the second frame is performed with reference to the first frame.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein receiving a request to update rendering of an information transmission comprises receiving a request to update at least one of a speed of play, a resolution of play, or a direction of play.
13. The method of claim 11, further comprising decrypting the information transmission, wherein the first frame and the second frame are decrypted according to a first encryption key and at least one other frame of the information transmission is decrypted according to at least one second encryption key.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein at least one other frame of the information transmission comprises a frame of one of the first group of frames or the second group of frames.
15. The method of claim 11, further comprising providing a sequence of frames of the information transmission, the sequence of frames including the first frame and the second frame, the sequence of frames represents the information transmission for at least one of a speed of play or a resolution of play.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein the first frame is separated from the second frame by a specified number of frames in the information transmission, the specified number is determined by at least one of the speed of play of the information transmission or the resolution of play of the information transmission.
17. The method of claim 11, wherein the first group of frames is separated from the second group of frames by one or more third group of frames of the information transmission.
18. The method of claim 11, wherein processing the second frame with reference to the first frame comprises decoding the second frame based on a difference between at least the first frame and the second frame.
19. The method of claim 11, wherein the information transmission is a video stream.
20. A method for processing information, comprising:
processing a sequence of frames of information into a compressed information transmission, the information having at least two groups of frames, each group of frames of the at least two groups of frames having at least one frame processed without reference to other frames of the information;
processing a set of reference frames based on a first encryption key, the set of reference frames being frames from the at least two groups of frames; and
processing other frames of the information transmission based on at least one second encryption key, the other frames being frames from the at least two groups of frames not included in the set of reference frames.
21. The method of claim 20, further comprising transmitting the at least two groups of frames as one or more blocks of frames over a network connection, each block of frames including one or more groups of frames of the at least two groups of frames, a number of the one or more groups of frames on each block of frames fluctuating based on a quality of the network connection.
22. The method of claim 20, wherein each frame of the set of reference frames is processed with reference to at least one respective basis frame, each respective basis frame being in a corresponding group of frames of the at least two groups of frames, wherein at least one frame of the set of reference frames can be located in a group of frames of the at least two groups of frames different from the corresponding group of frames.
23. The method of claim 22, wherein processing each reference frame with reference to at least one basis frame comprises encoding a difference in information between the reference frame and the respective basis frame.
24. The method of claim 20, further comprising encrypting a portion of the set of reference frames based on a second encryption key instead of the first encryption key, the portion selected based on a predefined rate for updating encryption keys.
25. The method of claim 24, wherein the predefined rate comprises a ratio of (i) a frame rate multiplied by a time interval to retain an encryption key and (ii) a number of reference frames per second.
26. The method of claim 20, wherein the set of reference frames represents the information for at least one of a speed of play or a resolution of play.
27. The method of claim 26, wherein each frame of the set of reference frames is separated by a specified number of frames in the information, the specified number determined by at least one of a speed of play or a resolution of play.
28. The method of claim 20, wherein the information is a video and the compressed information transmission is a compressed video transmission.