1. A vehicle seat that is for being sat in by an occupant and that can optionally include at least one additional subassembly for enhancing comfort, safety or any combination thereof, the vehicle seat comprising:
at least one seat component, wherein
the seat component comprises a supporting structure that is an integrally formed single shell;
the shell includes a first plurality of regions and a second plurality of regions, the first and second plurality of regions differ from one another and are arranged so that the second plurality of regions is frame-shaped, and the frame-shaped second plurality of regions is an integral part of the shell, whereby the shell is a frame shell; and
the frame shell is at least configured for receiving and attaching the optional additional subassembly.
2. The vehicle seat according to claim 1, wherein the frame shell comprises an externally visible covering that is an integral part of the frame shell, and the visible covering is integrated into the frame shell on a side of the frame shell which faces away from the occupant while the occupant is sitting in the vehicle seat.
3. The vehicle seat according to claim 1, wherein regions of the first plurality of regions are:
regions that are thinner than regions of the second plurality of regions,
cut-outs, or
any combination thereof.
4. The vehicle seat according to claim 2, wherein:
the first plurality of regions includes at least one cut-out,
the covering is proximate the at least one cut-out, and
the covering covers the at least one cut-out.
5. The vehicle seat according to claim 1, wherein the frame shell has at least one receiving point that is for receiving and attaching the optional additional subassembly.
6. The vehicle seat according claim 1, wherein the frame shell is manufactured from fiber-reinforced plastic, fabric-reinforced plastic, or any combination thereof.
7. The vehicle seat according to claim 1, wherein the seat component together with the frame shell is a backrest.
8. The vehicle seat according to claim 2, wherein regions of the first plurality of regions are:
regions that are thinner than regions of the second plurality of regions,
cut-outs, or
any combination thereof.
9. The vehicle seat according to claim 3, wherein the frame shell has at least one receiving point that is for receiving and attaching the optional additional subassembly.
10. The vehicle seat according claim 2, wherein the frame shell is manufactured from fiber-reinforced plastic, fabric-reinforced plastic, or any combination thereof.
11. The vehicle seat according claim 3, wherein the frame shell is manufactured from fiber-reinforced plastic, fabric-reinforced plastic, or any combination thereof.
12. The vehicle seat according claim 4, wherein the frame shell is manufactured from fiber-reinforced plastic, fabric-reinforced plastic, or any combination thereof.
13. The vehicle seat according claim 5, wherein the frame shell is manufactured from fiber-reinforced plastic, fabric-reinforced plastic, or any combination thereof.
14. The vehicle seat according to claim 1, wherein regions of the first plurality of regions comprise regions that are thinner than regions of the second plurality of regions.
15. The vehicle seat according to claim 1, wherein regions of the first plurality of regions comprise cut-outs.
16. The vehicle seat according to claim 1, wherein regions of the first plurality of regions comprise holes.
17. The vehicle seat according to claim 16, wherein:
the frame shell comprises an externally visible covering that is an integral part of the frame shell,
the visible covering is integrated into the frame shell on a side of the frame shell which faces away from the occupant while the occupant is sitting in the vehicle seat,
the covering is proximate at least one of the holes, and
the covering covers the at least one of the holes.
18. The vehicle seat according to claim 1 in combination with the additional subassembly, wherein the additional subassembly is mounted to the frame shell.
19. The vehicle seat according to claim 3 in combination with the additional subassembly, wherein the additional subassembly is mounted to the frame shell.
20. A vehicle seat, comprising:
at least one seat component, wherein the seat component comprises a supporting structure that is an integrally formed single shell, the shell includes a first plurality of regions and a second plurality of regions, the first and second plurality of regions differ from one another and are arranged so that the second plurality of regions is frame-shaped, and the frame-shaped second plurality of regions is an integral part of the shell; and
at least one comfort-enhancing subassembly mounted to the shell.
21. The vehicle seat according to claim 20, wherein regions of the first plurality of regions are:
regions that are thinner than regions of the second plurality of regions,
cut-outs, or
any combination thereof.
22. The vehicle seat according to claim 21, wherein the shell is manufactured from fiber-reinforced plastic, fabric-reinforced plastic, or any combination thereof.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A developing apparatus comprising:
a developer carrying member that carries a mono-component developer; and
a developer regulating member that abuts on the developer carrying member to regulate a thickness of a layer of the developer carried by the developer carrying member,
wherein, surface roughness parameters of a surface of the developer carrying member satisfy the following equations (1) and (2),
3.0\u2266Rpk\u22669.0\u2003\u2003(1)
2\u2266Pc2\u226610 (where, count level=average particle diameter of developer (\u03bcm)2, evaluation length=1 mm)\u2003\u2003(2),
and at least at an abutment portion between the developer carrying member and the developer regulating member, surface roughness parameters of a surface of the developer regulating member satisfy the following equations (3) and (4),
0.030\u2266Sm\u22660.170\u2003\u2003(3)
0.10\u2266Rvk\xd7(100\u2212Mr2)100\u22661.30\u2003\u2003(4),
where,
Sm is a mean spacing of profile irregularities mm specified in JIS-B0601-1994;
Rpk is an initial wear height \u03bcm specified in DIN 4776;
Rvk is an oil retaining depth \u03bcm specified in DIN 4776;
Mr2 is a profile bearing length ratio 2 % specified in DIN 4776; and
Pc2 is a parameter measured by a Contact Surface Roughness Measuring Instrument SE3500 (manufactured by Kosaka Laboratory Ltd.), and denotes a number of profile peaks having a height larger than a count level (arbitrarily variable) from a center line per the evaluation length of 1 mm on a roughness curve.
2. A developing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the developer regulating member is made of an elastic member at the abutment portion.
3. A developing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an abutment width of the developer regulating member to the developer carrying member is 0.40 mm or more.
4. A developing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a surface roughness parameter of the surface of the developer carrying member satisfies the following equation:
0.5\u2266Ra\u22662.0
where,
Ra is an arithmetic mean roughness \u03bcm specified in JIS-B0601-1994.
5. A developing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the mono-component developer has an average degree of circularity of 0.940 or more.
6. A developing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the mono-component developer is a magnetic developer, and the developing apparatus further comprises a magnetic field generating member within the developer carrying member.
7. A developing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the developing apparatus is provided in a cartridge that is detachably mountable to a main body of an image forming apparatus.
8. A developing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the developing apparatus is provided in a cartridge that is detachably mountable to a main body of an image forming apparatus together with an image bearing member that bears an electrostatic image thereon.