1. An electroneutral complex of the formula I
L Cu A \u2003\u2003(I)
wherein
L stands for a neutral ligand and
A stands for a monoanionic ligand binding to Cu by at least one heteroatom selected from N, P, S;
or wherein the ligands L and A with the above features are interconnected by at least one chemical bond to form one common tetradentate ligand
or a protonated or alkylated form or salt thereof.
2. The complex of claim 1, which is tetracoordinated and wherein the ligand A is a heterocyclic ligand containing the bonding heteroatom, which bonding heteroatom is a nitrogen andor sulphur, as a ring atom.
3. The complex of claim 1, wherein
L stands for a bidentate neutral ligand and
A stands for a bidentate monoanionic ligand binding to Cu by at least one heteroatom selected from N, P, S;
or wherein the ligands L and A with the above features are interconnected by at least one chemical bond to form one common tetradentate ligand
or a protonated or methylated form or salt thereof.
4. The complex of claim 3, wherein the ligand L corresponds to the formula II
D1-G-D2 \u2003\u2003(II)
wherein G stands for a divalent organic bridging group or a direct bond and D1 and D2, each independently, stand for an organic moiety containing an electron donating heteroatom selected from nitrogen, sulphur andor phosphorus; andor
wherein the ligand A corresponds to the formula III
D3-G\u2032-D4 \u2003\u2003(III)
wherein G\u2032 stands for an organic bridging group or a direct bond,
D3 stands for an organic moiety containing an electron donating heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen, sulphur, phosphorus, and
D4 stands for an organic moiety containing an anionic heteroatom selected from nitrogen, sulphur.
5. The complex of claim 4, wherein the ligand A corresponds to the formula IV
wherein
Z is an organic bridging group forming, together with the nitrogen atom, an unsaturated or aromatic 4- to 8-membered ring, which optionally may be substituted, and
Y\u2212 is an aliphatic or aromatic, cyclic or non-cyclic organic moiety binding to the central Cu atom by anionic nitrogen, and
wherein
G\u2032 stands for a direct bond;
D3 stands for an unsaturated or aromatic heterocyclic moiety of 5 to 14 ring atoms;
D4 stands for an anion of an unsaturated or aromatic N-heterocyclic moiety of 5 to 14 ring atoms;
or where the ligand D3-G\u2032-D4 stands for a system of at least 2 annealed rings of 8 to 14 ring atoms according to the formula V
which optionally may be substituted, and wherein Z\u2032 is an organic bridging group containing at least one electron donating heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen, sulphur, phosphorus, and forming, together with the carbon atoms it bonds to, an unsaturated or aromatic 4- to 8-membered ring, which optionally may be substituted; and wherein Z and Z\u2033 independently are selected from organic bridging groups and a direct bond completing together, with the nitrogen atom, an unsaturated or aromatic 4- to 8-membered ring, which optionally may be substituted and wherein at least one of Z and Z\u2033 is not a direct bond.
6. The complex of claim 4, wherein
D3 is selected from pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyridazyl, pyrazyl, pyranyl, cumaryl, pteridyl, thiophenyl, benzothiophenyl, furyl, benzofuryl, thiazolyl, thienothienyl, dithiaindacenyl, chinolyl, isochinolyl, chinoxalyl, acridyl, azanaphthyl, phenanthrolyl, triazinyl, thienyl,
each of which is unsubstituted or substituted; and
D4 is an anionic moiety is obtained after N-deprotonation of a residue purinyl, pyrryl, indyl, carbazolyl, triazolyl, benzotriazolyl, pyrazolyl, benzopyrazolyl, imidazolyl, benzimidazolyl, tetrazolyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted;
or where the ligand D3-G\u2032-D4 is of the formula V, wherein Z\u2032 is an organic bridging group bonding to the 2 connecting carbon atoms and selected from NCHCHCH, CHNCHCH, NNCHCH, NCHNCH, NCHCHN, NNNCH, NNCHN, OCHCH, CHOCH, OCHN, SCHCH, SCHN, CHSCH, whose carbon atoms optionally may be substituted; and Z\u2033\u2014N \u2014Z is an organic bridging group bonding to the 2 connecting carbon atoms and selected from N CHCH, CHN CH, N CHN, N NCH, N NN, whose carbon atoms, if present, optionally may be substituted.
7. The complex of claim 4, wherein the ligand L corresponds to the formula II
D1-G-D2 \u2003\u2003(II)
wherein G stands for a divalent organic bridging group selected from C1-C8alkylene, C2-C8alkenylene, C2-C8alkinylene, O, S, SO, SO2, O-interrupted C2-C6alkylene, phenylene, substituted phenylene, or for a direct bond; and
D1 and D2, each independently, are selected from phosphinyl moieties of the formula VI
P(D5)(D6)D7- \u2003\u2003(VI)
and D3,
where D3 is an unsaturated or aromatic N-heterocyclic moiety of 5 to 14 ring atoms each of which is unsubstituted or substituted;
D5 and D6 independently are C1-C8alkyl, C2-C8alkenyl, C2-C8alkinyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted; and
D7 is C1-C8alkylene, C2-C8alkenylene, C2-C8alkinylene, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted;
8. The complex according to claim 1, wherein any substituent, if present, is selected from C1-C18alkoxy; C1-C18alkyl; said alkyl or alkoxy substituted by halogen, OH, COOH or CONH2; said alkyl or alkoxy interrupted by O, S, COO or CONH; C2-C8alkenyl; C2-C8alkynyl; C4-C12cycloalkoxy; C4-C12cycloalkyl; OH; COOH; halogen; C1-C14aryl; said aryl substituted by C1-C8alkyl, C1-C8alkoxy, C1-C8haloalkyl, C2-C8alkenyl, C2-C8alkynyl, C1-C8alkoxycarbonyl, C1-C8alkanoyloxy, nitro, halogen, OH, COOH, CONH2; where saturated carbons also may be substituted by oxo (\u2550O), adjacent substituents may be linked together to form a carbocyclic, lactone, anhydride, cyclic ether ring.
9. An organic electronic device, comprising an emitting layer wherein the emitting layer comprises a compound according to claim 1.
10. The device of claim 9, further comprising a hole transport material, selected from polyvinyl-carbazol, N,N\u2032-diphenyl-N,N\u2032-bis(3-methylphenyl)-1,1-biphenyl-4,4\u2032-diamine (TPD), 1,1-bis(di-4-tolylamino)phenylcyclohexane (TAPC), N,N\u2032-bis(4-methylphenyl)-N,N\u2032-bis(4-ethylphenyl)-1,1\u2032-(3,3\u2032-dimethyl)biphenyl4,4\u2032-diamine (ETPD), tetrakis-(3-methylphenyl)-N,N,N\u2032,N\u2032-2,5-phenylenediamine (PDA), a-phenyl-4-N,N-diphenylaminostyrene (TPS), p-(diethylamino)benzaldehyde-diphenylhydrazone (DEH), triphenylamine (TPA), bis4-(N,N-diethylamino)-2-methylphenyl(4-methylphenyl)methane (MPMP), 1-phenyl-3-p-(diethylamino)styryl-5-p-(diethylamino)phenylpyrazoline (PPR or DEASP), 1,2-trans-bis (9H-carbazol-9-yl)cyclobutane (DCZB), N,N,N\u2032,N\u2032-tetrakis (4-methylphenyl)-(1,1\u2032-biphenyl)-4,4\u2032-diamine (TTB), 4,4\u2032-N,N-dicarbazole-biphenyl (CBP), N,N-dicarbazoyl-1,4-dimethene-benzene (DCB), porphyrinic compounds, (phenylmethyl) polysilane, poly(3,4-ethylendioxythiophene) (PEDOT), polyaniline, and combinations thereof, or one or more of the above components doped into a polymer selected from the group consisting of polystyrene and polycarbonate.
11. (canceled)
12. A method for the preparation of a light emitting device, which method comprises providing an organic substance layer containing a complex or complex salt according to claim 1 between a pair of electrodes on a substrate.
13. A device selected from stationary and mobile displays, selected from the group consisting of displays for computers, mobile phones, laptops, pdas, TV sets, displays in printers, kitchen equipment, billboards, lightings, information boards and destination boards for trains and buses, containing an organic light emitting diode according to claim 9.
14. A compound of the formula
wherein
i and m independently are 0, 1 or 2;
k is from the range 3-5;
R independently is C1-C12alkyl, C2-C8alkenyl, halogen, nitro, amino, methoxy;
X is H, C1-C12alkyl or an equivalent of a cation such as Li+, Na+, K+, \xbd Ca2+, \xbd Mg2+, \xbd Zn2+.
15. A transition metal complex containing 3-pyridyl-substituted 1,2,4-triazole compound of claim 14 as a ligand.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A digital high-pass filter comprising:
an input;
an output;
a subtractor stage, having a first input terminal and a second input terminal and an output terminal, said first input terminal being connected to said input of said digital high-pass filter and said output terminal being connected to said output of said digital high-pass filter; and
a recursive circuit branch connected between said output of said digital high-pass filter and said second input terminal of said subtractor stage, wherein said recursive circuit branch comprises an accumulation stage and a divider stage cascaded to one another, wherein
said accumulation stage comprises an integrator circuit having a recursive accumulation structure having an own input terminal, an own output terminal, an adder block connected to said own input terminal, and a delay block connected to said adder block and to said own output terminal; and
said adder block has a first positive input, a second positive input, and an output, said first positive input of said adder block being connected to said input terminal of said integrator stage, said output of said adder block being connected to said output terminal of said integrator stage; and said delay block having an input connected to said output terminal of said integrator stage and an output connected to said second positive input of said adder block.
2. The digital high-pass filter according to claim 1 wherein said divider stage performs a division by a variable dividing factor, having a value greater than 1.
3. The digital high-pass filter according to claim 2 wherein said dividing factor is a power of 2.
4. The digital high-pass filter according to claim 1 wherein the subtractor stage and the recursive circuit branch are implemented in hardware using an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC).
5. The digital high-pass filter according to claim 1 wherein the subtractor stage and the recursive circuit branch are implemented via software using firmware stored in a microprocessor.
6. The digital high-pass filter according to claim 1 further comprising an adjuster coupled to the divider stage and structured to adjust a dividing factor of the dividing stage.
7. A displacement detection device, comprising:
an acceleration sensor configured to generate a first acceleration signal corresponding to a first detection axis; and
a displacement detection circuit connected to said acceleration sensor and configured to generate a first displacement-detection signal, said displacement detection circuit including a digital, first high-pass filter configured to reduce a continuous component of said first acceleration signal wherein said first high-pass filter includes:
an input;
an output;
a subtractor stage, having a first input terminal and a second input terminal and an output terminal, said first input terminal being connected to said input of said digital high-pass filter and said output terminal being connected to said output of said digital high-pass filter; and
a recursive circuit branch connected between said output of said digital high-pass filter and said second input terminal of said subtractor stage, wherein said recursive circuit branch comprises an accumulation stage and a divider stage cascaded to one another, wherein said displacement detection circuit comprises a first comparator stage configured to receive said first acceleration signal and an acceleration threshold, and generate said first displacement-detection signal, and wherein said first high-pass filter is disposed between said acceleration sensor and said first comparator stage.
8. The device according to claim 7, wherein said displacement detection circuit further comprises cutoff frequency modifying means connected to said first high-pass filter for adjusting the cutoff frequency of said digital high-pass filter, wherein said cutoff frequency modifying means is also for varying a dividing factor of the divider stage of said first high-pass filter.
9. The device according to claim 7, wherein said displacement detection circuit is implemented as an ASIC and is integrated with said acceleration sensor within a single chip wherein said acceleration sensor is a MEMS sensor.
10. The device according to claim 7, further comprising a microprocessor connected to said acceleration sensor and wherein said displacement detection circuit is made in a firmware stored in said microprocessor, and said microprocessor and said acceleration sensor are integrated in a single chip, wherein said acceleration sensor is a MEMS sensor.
11. The device according to claim 7, wherein said acceleration sensor is a linear accelerometer with three detection axes and is configured to generate a second acceleration signal and a third acceleration signal, said first, second and third acceleration signals being correlated to a component of the acceleration along a respective detection axis; and wherein said displacement detection circuit further comprises:
a second comparator stage and a third comparator stage, for comparing, respectively, said second acceleration signal and said third acceleration signal with said acceleration threshold and generating a second displacement-detection signal and a third displacement-detection signal; and
second and third high-pass filters arranged, respectively, between said acceleration sensor and said second and third comparator stages, and configured to reduce continuous components, respectively, of said second and third acceleration signals.
12. A portable apparatus comprising:
an acceleration sensor for generating an acceleration signal corresponding to a detection axis; and
a displacement detection circuit operatively connected to the acceleration sensor and structured to generate a displacement-detection signal corresponding to the acceleration signal, wherein the displacement detection circuit is structured to eliminate a continuous component from the acceleration signal, wherein the displacement detection circuit comprises:
a high-pass filter configured to eliminate the continuous component from the acceleration signal;
an adjustment stage communicatively coupled to the high-pass filter and structured to vary a cutoff frequency associated with the high-pass filter;
a storage element structured to store an acceleration threshold signal; and
a comparator coupled to an output of the high-pass filter and to the storage element, and having first and second inputs structured to receive the first acceleration signal without the continuous component and the first acceleration threshold signal, respectively, wherein the comparator is configured to generate the displacement-detection signal based on a comparison of the signals on the first and second inputs.
13. The portable apparatus of claim 12, further comprising:
a microprocessor communicatively coupled to an output of the displacement detection circuit for determining a displacement direction of the portable apparatus.
14. The portable apparatus according to claim 12 wherein the high-pass filter comprises:
a subtractor stage having a first input terminal and a second input terminal and an output terminal, wherein the first input terminal is coupled to an input of the high-pass filter and the output terminal is connected to an output of the high-pass filter;
an accumulation stage;
a divider stage, wherein the accumulation stage and the divider stage are cascaded to form a recursive branch coupled between the output of the high-pass filter and the second input terminal of the subtractor stage.
15. The portable apparatus according to claim 14 wherein the divider stage is structured to perform division using a variable dividing factor that is adjusted via the adjustment stage, wherein the variable dividing factor controls the cutoff frequency of the high-pass filter.
16. A digital high-pass filter comprising:
an input;
an output;
a subtractor stage, having a first input terminal and a second input terminal and an output terminal, said first input terminal being connected to said input of said digital high-pass filter and said output terminal being connected to said output of said digital high-pass filter; and
a recursive circuit branch connected between said output of said digital high-pass filter and said second input terminal of said subtractor stage, wherein said recursive circuit branch comprises an accumulation stage and a divider stage cascaded to one another, wherein
said accumulation stage comprises an integrator circuit having a recursive accumulation structure having an own input terminal, an own output terminal, an adder block connected to said own input terminal, and a delay block connected to said adder block and to said own output terminal; and
said adder block has a first positive input, a second positive input, and an output, said first positive input of said adder block being connected to said input terminal of said integrator stage, said second positive input of said adder block being connected to said output terminal of said integrator stage; and said delay block having an input connected to said output of said adder block and an output connected to said output terminal of said integrator stage.
17. The digital high-pass filter according to claim 16 wherein said divider stage performs a division by a variable dividing factor, having a value greater than 1.
18. The digital high-pass filter according to claim 16, further comprising an adjuster coupled to the divider stage and structured to adjust a dividing factor of the dividing stage.
19. A displacement detection device, comprising:
an acceleration sensor configured to generate a first acceleration signal corresponding to a first detection axis; and
a displacement detection circuit connected to said acceleration sensor and generating a first displacement-detection signal, said displacement detection circuit including a digital, first high-pass filter configured to reduce a continuous component of said first acceleration signal wherein said first high-pass filter includes:
an input;
an output;
a subtractor stage, having a first input terminal and a second input terminal and an output terminal, said first input terminal being connected to said input of said digital high-pass filter and said output terminal being connected to said output of said digital high-pass filter; and
a recursive circuit branch connected between said output of said digital high-pass filter and said second input terminal of said subtractor stage, wherein said recursive circuit branch comprises an accumulation stage and a divider stage cascaded to one another, wherein said displacement detection circuit is implemented as an ASIC and is integrated with said acceleration sensor within a single chip wherein said acceleration sensor is a MEMS sensor.
20. The device according to claim 19, wherein said displacement detection circuit further comprises cutoff frequency modifying means connected to said first high-pass filter for adjusting the cutoff frequency of said digital high-pass filter, wherein said cutoff frequency modifying means is also for varying a dividing factor of the divider stage of said first high-pass filter.
21. A displacement detection device, comprising:
an acceleration sensor configured to generate a first acceleration signal corresponding to a first detection axis; and
a displacement detection circuit connected to said acceleration sensor and configured to generate a first displacement-detection signal, said displacement detection circuit including a digital, first high-pass filter configured to reduce a continuous component of said first acceleration signal wherein said first high-pass filter includes:
an input;
an output;
a subtractor stage, having a first input terminal and a second input terminal and an output terminal, said first input terminal being connected to said input of said digital high-pass filter and said output terminal being connected to said output of said digital high-pass filter; and
a recursive circuit branch connected between said output of said digital high-pass filter and said second input terminal of said subtractor stage, wherein said recursive circuit branch comprises an accumulation stage and a divider stage cascaded to one another; and
a microprocessor connected to said acceleration sensor and wherein said displacement detection circuit is made in a firmware stored in said microprocessor, and said microprocessor and said acceleration sensor are integrated in a single chip, wherein said acceleration sensor is a MEMS sensor.
22. The device according to claim 21, wherein said displacement detection circuit further comprises cutoff frequency modifying means connected to said first high-pass filter for adjusting the cutoff frequency of said digital high-pass filter, wherein said cutoff frequency modifying means is also for varying a dividing factor of the divider stage of said first high-pass filter.
23. A displacement detection device, comprising:
an acceleration sensor configured to generate a first acceleration signal corresponding to a first detection axis; and
a displacement detection circuit connected to said acceleration sensor and configured to generate a first displacement-detection signal, said displacement detection circuit including:
a digital, first high-pass filter configured to reduce a continuous component of said first acceleration signal, wherein said first high-pass filter includes:
an input;
an output;
a subtractor stage, having a first input terminal and a second input terminal and an output terminal, said first input terminal being connected to said input of said digital high-pass filter and said output terminal being connected to said output of said digital high-pass filter; and
a recursive circuit branch connected between said output of said digital high-pass filter and said second input terminal of said subtractor stage, wherein said recursive circuit branch comprises an accumulation stage and a divider stage cascaded to one another, wherein said acceleration sensor is a linear accelerometer with three detection axes and is configured to generate a second acceleration signal and a third acceleration signal, said first, second and third acceleration signals being correlated to a component of the acceleration along a respective detection axis;
a first comparator stage configured to compare said first acceleration signal with said first acceleration threshold and generate the first displacement-detection signal;
a second comparator stage configured to compare said second acceleration signal with said first acceleration threshold and generate a second displacement-detection signal;
a third comparator stage configured to compare said third acceleration signal with said first acceleration threshold and generates a third displacement-detection signal; and
second and third high-pass filters arranged, respectively, between said acceleration sensor and said second and third comparator stages, and configured to reduce continuous components, respectively, of said second and third acceleration signals.
24. The device according to claim 23, wherein said displacement detection circuit is implemented as an ASIC and is integrated with said acceleration sensor within a single chip wherein said acceleration sensor is a MEMS sensor.
25. The device according to claim 23, further comprising a microprocessor connected to said acceleration sensor and wherein said displacement detection circuit is made in a firmware stored in said microprocessor, and said microprocessor and said acceleration sensor are integrated in a single chip, wherein said acceleration sensor is a MEMS sensor.