1. A process for producing oils having an improved pour point and viscosity index from a hydrocarbon feed, said process comprising the following steps in succession:
(a) converting the feed with simultaneous hydroisomerisation of at least a portion of the n-paraffins of the feed, said feed having a sulphur content of less than 1000 ppm by weight, a nitrogen content of less than 200 ppm by weight, a metals content of less than 50 ppm by weight, an oxygen content of at most 0.2% by weight, said step being carried out at a temperature of 200-500\xb0 C., at a pressure of 2-25 MPa, with a space velocity of 0.1-10 h\u22121, in the presence of hydrogen, and in the presence of a catalyst containing at least one noble metal deposited on an amorphous acidic support, the dispersion of the noble metal being 20-100%;
(b) catalytic dewaxing of at least a portion of the effluent from step a), carried out at a temperature of 200-500\xb0 C., at a pressure of 1-25 MPa, with an hourly space velocity of 0.05-50 h\u22121, in the presence of 50-2000 litres of hydrogenlitre of effluent entering step b)), and in the presence of a catalyst comprising at least one hydrodehydrogenating element and at least one molecular sieve selected from ZBM-30, EU-2 and EU-11 zeolites.
2. A process according to claim 1, in which a catalyst containing at least one noble metal deposited on an amorphous silica-alumina is employed in step a).
3. A process according to claim 1, in which in step a), a catalyst is used that is essentially constituted by 0.05-10% by weight of at least one noble group VIII metal deposited on an amorphous silica-alumina support containing 5-90% by weight of silica, with a BET specific surface area of 100-500 m2g and the catalyst has:
a mean pore diameter in the range 1-12 nm;
a pore volume of pores with a diameter in the range between the mean diameter as hereinbefore defined reduced by 3 nm and the mean diameter as hereinbefore defined increased by 3 nm is more than 40% of the total pore volume;
a noble metal dispersion in the range 20%-100%;
a coefficient of distribution of the noble metal of more than 0.1.
4. A process according to claim 1, in which the noble metal in the catalyst for step a) is platinum andor palladium.
5. A process according to claim 1, in which all of the effluent from step a) is treated in step b).
6. A process according to claim 1, in which the effluent from step a) is distilled to separate the light gases and at least one residue containing compounds with a boiling point of more than at least 340\xb0 C., said residue undergoing step b).
7. A process according to claim 1, in which the effluent from step b) is distilled to separate an oil containing compounds with a boiling point of more than at least 340\xb0 C.
8. A process according to claim 7, comprising atmospheric distillation followed by vacuum distillation of the atmospheric residue.
9. A process according to claim 1, in which the feed undergoing step a) previously undergoes hydrotreatment then optional separation of water, ammonia and hydrogen sulphide.
10. A process according to claim 1, in which the catalytic dewaxing catalyst also contains at least one zeolite selected from NU-10, EU-1, EU-13, ferrierite, ZSM-22, Theta-1, ZSM-50, ZSM-23, NU-23, ZSM-35, ZSM-38, ZSM-48, ISI-1, KZ-2, ISI-4, and KZ-1.
11. A process according to claim 1, in which the effluent from step b) undergoes a hydrofinishing step before being distilled.
12. A process according to claim 1, in which the treated hydrocarbon feed contains at least 20% by volume of compounds with boiling points above 340\xb0 C.
13. A process according to claim 1, in which the treated hydrocarbon feed is selected from effluents from a Fischer-Tropsch unit, vacuum distillates from straight run distillation of crude oil, vacuum distillates from conversion units, vacuum distillates from aromatic compound extraction units, vacuum distillates originating from desulphurisation or hydroconversion of atmospheric residues andor vacuum residues, deasphalted oils, hydrocracking residues or any mixture of said feeds.
14. A catalyst comprising at least one molecular sieve selected from ZBM-30, EU-2, and EU-11, and at least one other molecular sieve the microporous system of which has at least one principal channel type with openings formed from rings containing 10 or 9 tetrahedral T atoms, T being at least one of elements Si, Al, P, B, Ti, Fe, Ga.
15. A catalyst according to claim 14, in which said at least one other molecular sieve is selected from NU-10, EU-1, EU-13, ferrierite, ZSM-22, Theta-1, ZSM-50, ZSM-23, NU-23, ZSM-35, ZSM-38, ZSM-48, 151-1, KZ-2, ISI-4, and KZ-1.
16. A catalyst according to claim 14, in which the amount of the molecular sieve is 1-90% by weight.
17. A catalyst according to claim 14, further comprising a matrix.
18. A catalyst according to claim 17, in which the matrix is selected from the group formed by alumina gels, aluminas, magnesia, amorphous silica-alumina and mixtures thereof.
19. A catalyst according to claim 14, in which the hydrodehydrogenating function is provided by at least one element from group VIII.
20. A catalyst according to claim 19, in which the element is platinum andor palladium.
21. A catalyst according to claim 19, in which the hydrodehydrogenating function is provided by 1-40% by weight of at least one non-noble metal from group VIII and at least one metal from group VIB.
22. A catalyst according to claim 19, containing 0-20% (by weight of oxide) of phosphorus.
23. A catalytic hydrodewaxing process according to claim 1 wherein said at least one molecular sieve comprises ZBM 30.
24. A catalytic hydrodewaxing process according to claim 1 wherein said dispersion of the noble metal is 30-100%.
25. A catalytic hydrodewaxing process according to claim 23 wherein said dispersion of the noble metal is 30-100%.
26. A catalytic hydrodewaxing process according to claim 25 wherein the noble metal catalyst comprises platinum.
27. A catalytic hydrodewaxing process according to claim 10 wherein said dispersion of the noble metal is 30-100%.
28. A catalyst according to claim 15 comprising ZBM-30.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method performed by a computer system with a processor and a memory for augmenting user, query, and document triplets, the method comprising:
providing in the memory triplets comprising a user, a query, and a document, a triplet indicating that the user submitted the query and then selected the document from a result of the query;
creating a three-dimensional matrix with values of the matrix based on whether the corresponding user, query, and document is in a provided triplet;
performing by the processor a three-order singular value decomposition of the three-dimensional matrix by
generating unfolded two-dimensional matrices for users, queries, and documents;
performing a two-order singular value decomposition for each unfolded two-dimensional matrix, wherein a left singular matrix is generated;
selecting a reduced dimension for each left singular matrix; and
generating a three-dimensional core singular value matrix by combining the left singular matrices with reduced dimensions with the three-dimensional matrix; and
generating by the processor an augmented three-dimensional matrix from the three-order singular value decomposition to represent augmented user, query, and document triplets.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the generating of the augmented three-dimensional matrix includes combining the three-dimensional core singular value matrix with the non-reduced left singular matrices.
3. The method of claim 1 including before performing the three-order singular value decomposition, applying a weighting policy to the values of the three-dimensional matrix.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein the weighting policy is selected from the group consisting of a Boolean policy, a log frequency policy, and a log inverse document frequency policy.
5. The method of claim 1 including before performing the three-order singular value decomposition, applying a smoothing policy to the values of the three-dimensional matrix.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the smoothing policy is selected from the group consisting of a constant policy and a document similarity policy.
7. The method of claim 1 including before performing the three-order singular value decomposition, applying a normalization policy to the three-dimensional matrix.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein the normalization policy normalizes along the query dimension.
9. The method of claim 1 including before performing the three-order singular value decomposition, applying a weighting policy followed by a smoothing policy followed by a normalization policy to the three-dimensional matrix.
10. The method of claim 1 including when a user submits a query, identifying documents relevant to the query based on the values in the augmented three-dimensional matrix for that user and query.
11. A computer-readable storage medium containing instructions for controlling a computer system with a processor and a memory to augment user, query, and document triplets, by a method comprising:
providing a three-dimensional matrix of users, queries, and documents with values of the three-dimensional matrix indicating whether the corresponding user would find the corresponding document relevant to the corresponding query;
performing by the processor a three-order singular value decomposition of the three-dimensional matrix by
performing a two-order singular value decomposition for unfolded two-dimensional matrices for users, queries, and documents, each unfolded matrix generated from unfolding the three-dimensional matrix in the other dimensions; and
generating a three-dimensional core singular value matrix by combining the three-dimensional matrix with left singular matrices with reduced dimensions derived from a two-order singular value decomposition of the unfolded matrices; and
generating by the processor an augmented three-dimensional matrix from the three-order singular value decomposition to represent the augmented user, query, and document triplets.
12. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 11 wherein the generating of the augmented three-dimensional matrix includes combining the three-dimensional core singular value matrix with the left singular matrices with non-reduced dimensions.
13. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 11 including before performing the three-order singular value decomposition, adjusting values of the three-dimensional matrix to account for variations in frequencies.
14. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 11 including before performing the three-order singular value decomposition, adjusting values based on similarity between a document that the user did visit from the query and a document that the user did not visit from the query.
15. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 11 including before performing the three-order singular value decomposition, normalizing the values in a dimension.
16. A computer system for augmenting user, query, and document triplets, comprising:
a memory storing
a three-dimensional matrix of users, queries, and documents with values of the three-dimensional matrix indicating whether the corresponding user would find the corresponding document relevant to the corresponding query; and
computer-executable instructions implementing
a component that performs the three-order singular value decomposition by:
performing a two-order singular value decomposition for unfolded two-dimensional matrices for users, queries, and documents, each unfolded matrix generated from unfolding the three-dimensional matrix in the other dimensions; and
generating a three-dimensional core singular value matrix by combining the three-dimensional matrix with left singular matrices with reduced dimensions derived from the two-order singular value decomposition; and
a component that generates an augmented three-dimensional matrix from a three-order singular value decomposition of the three-dimensional matrix to represent the augmented user, query, and document triplets; and
a processor for executing the computer-executable instructions stored in the memory.
17. The computer system of claim 16 wherein the generating of the augmented three-dimensional matrix includes combining the three-dimensional core singular value matrix with the left singular matrices with non-reduced dimensions.