1. A pressing device for isostatic pressing of a body from powdered andor granulated material, comprising:
a die comprising a die wall, wherein the die wall defines a forming space, the die wall comprising an elastic material, wherein the elastic material allows the pressing of the material in the forming space through isostatic pressure applied to the outside surface of the die wall, and the die further comprising a die opening extending through the die wall and connecting the forming space with the exterior of the die, wherein the die opening is configured to allow filling of the forming space with powdered andor granulated material and to allow the removal of the pressed body from the forming space, and
a punch configured to close the die opening during pressing, the punch having a front end that is inside the forming space and a back end that is outside the forming space, the punch comprising:
a metallic insert, wherein the front end of the insert penetrates into the forming space and wherein the back end of the insert is outside the forming space; and,
an elastic jacket circumferentially surrounding the metallic insert, wherein the front end of the elastic jacket penetrates into the forming space, wherein the back end of the elastic jacket is outside the forming space, wherein the die wall presses on the outer circumferential side wall of the front end of the elastic jacket when isostatic pressure is applied to the outside surface of the die wall, and wherein the isostatic pressure applied to the outer circumferential side wall of the elastic jacket forces the front wall of the elastic jacket further into the forming space.
2. A pressing device according to claim 1 wherein the elastic jacket slidably abuts the insert from a location at which the elastic jacket is affixed and extending towards the front end section of the insert.
3. A pressing device according to claim 1, wherein the elastic jacket abuts the insert such that material in the forming space does not penetrate the space between the jacket and the insert during pressing.
4. A pressing device according to claim 1, wherein the front end of the elastic jacket terminates distal of the front end of the insert when the elastic jacket is uncompressed by the die wall.
5. A pressing device for isostatic pressing of a body from powdered andor granulated material, comprising
a die comprising an elastic die wall configured for use with isostatic pressure applied to the outside of the die wall in compacting material, and further configured to define a forming space, the die wall comprising a die opening configured for use in filling the forming space with material and for removing the pressed body, the die opening extending through the die wall and connecting the forming space with the die exterior, and
a punch configured to close the die opening during pressing, the punch having a front end that is inside the forming space and a back end that is outside the forming space, wherein the punch comprises a metallic insert, wherein the front end of the insert penetrates into the forming space when the die is closed and wherein the back end of the insert is outside the forming space; and,
an elastic jacket, wherein the elastic jacket is fixedly vulcanized or adhered to the insert at a location distal of the front end of the insert, wherein the front end of the elastic jacket penetrates into the forming space, wherein the back end of the elastic jacket is outside the forming space, wherein the die wall presses on the outer circumferential side wall of the front end of the elastic jacket when isostatic pressure is applied to the outside surface of the die wall, and wherein the isostatic pressure applied to the outer circumferential side wall of the elastic jacket forces the front wall of the elastic jacket further into the forming space.
6. A pressing device of claim 1, wherein the elastic jacket comprises a front end located distal of the front end of the insert, and wherein the front end of the elastic jacket abuts the die opening when the die opening is closed by the punch.
7. A pressing device according to claim 6, wherein the jacket wall firmly contacts the adjacent die opening wall during pressing.
8. A pressing device according to claim 6, wherein the elastic jacket in the area of abutment on the adjacent die opening wall comprises a jacket wall having a contour leading away from the insert.
9. A pressing device according to claim 1, wherein the insert comprises a longitudinally extending hollow structure configured to receive a core, wherein the core extends into the forming space when the punch is, positioned to close the die opening, wherein the core is configured to form an oblong hollow structure within the body during pressing.
10. A pressing device according to claim 9, wherein the core is positioned in the insert to allow longitudinal displacement of the core.
11. A pressing device according to claim 1, the insert further comprising a structured shape, wherein the insert is configured to longitudinally extend into the forming space to form a hollow structured shape in the body that corresponds to the structured shape of the insert.
12. A pressing device according to claim 1, wherein the insert further comprises a projection on the circumferential wall of the insert, the projection having an increased external circumference extending from a location on the insert, distal from the front end section, to the front end section of the insert.
13. A pressing device according to claim 1, wherein the jacket andor the die comprise an elastomer.
14. A pressing device according to claim 1, further comprising a fixing device for detachably fixing the punch, the insert, and the jacket in the die opening during pressing without application of additional pressing force to the punch in direction of the die opening.
15. A pressing device according to claim 1 configured to produce a hip joint ball pressed body comprising a penetrating shank locating opening.
16. A pressing method for pressing a body from a powdery andor granulated material, the method comprising:
providing a pressing device according to claim 1,
filling the forming space with the material,
inserting a punch into the die opening for closing the die opening,
applying an isostatic compacting pressure to an outside of the die wall for compacting the material to the body, and
removing the punch from the die opening after pressing,
wherein a front end section of the insert is inserted into the forming space while closing the die opening.
17. A pressing method according to claim 16, wherein, before filling the forming space, the punch is inserted penetrating into the forming space at least partly, whereupon the forming space surrounding the core is filled with the material, and only after that the die opening is closed by other components of the insert.
18. Pressing method according to claim 16, wherein the punch with the insert and the jacket is fixed in the die opening during pressing without application of additional pressing force.
19. A pressing method for pressing a body from a powdery andor granulated material, the method comprising:
providing a pressing device according to claim 5,
filling the forming space with the material,
inserting a punch into the die opening for closing the die opening,
applying an isostatic compacting pressure to an outside of the die wall for compacting the material to the body, and
removing the punch from the die opening after pressing,
wherein a front end section of the insert is inserted into the forming space while closing the die opening.
20. A pressing method according to claim 19, wherein, before filling the forming space, the punch is inserted penetrating into the forming space at least partly, whereupon the forming space surrounding the core is filled with the material, and only after that the die opening is closed by other components of the insert.
21. Pressing method according to claim 19, wherein the punch with the insert and the jacket is fixed in the die opening during pressing without application of additional pressing force.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A thermoplastic composition comprising:
a polycarbonate or copolycarbonate comprising:
25 to 100 mole percent of a first carbonate unit derived from a dihydroxy aromatic compound having the formula
wherein Ra\u2032 and Rb\u2032 are each independently C1-12 alkyl, T is a C5-16 cycloalkylene, a C5-16 cycloalkylidene, a C1-5 alkylene, a C1-5 alkylidene, a arylene, a C7-12 arylalkylene, C7-12 arylalkylidene, a C7-12 alkylarylene, or a arylenealkyl, and r and s are each independently 1 to 4; and
0 to 75 mole percent of a second carbonate unit derived from a dihydroxy aromatic compound, wherein the first carbonate unit and second carbonate unit are not identical, and
wherein the mole percentages of each of the first carbonate unit and the second carbonate unit are based on the total number of moles of first carbonate unit and second carbonate unit;
a polysiloxane-polycarbonate copolymer comprising
0.15 to 30 weight percent of a polysiloxane block comprising siloxane units of the formula
wherein E is on average 4 to 60 units, and each occurrence of R is the same or different and is a C1-13 monovalent organic group, and
70 to 99.85 weight percent of a third carbonate unit derived from a dihydroxy aromatic compound, wherein the weight percentages of each of the polysiloxane block and the third carbonate unit are based on the total weight of polysiloxane block and third carbonate unit, and
a trans-esterification catalyst present in an amount of 20 to 500 parts per million based on weight, and wherein the trans-esterification catalyst is a tetraalkylphosphonium salt or a tetraalkylammonium salt,
wherein an article having a thickness of 3.2 mm and molded from the thermoplastic composition has a Dynatup total energy greater than 50 Joules, as measured at a constant speed of 3.3 to 3.6 mmin at 23\xb0 C. according to ASTM D3763-02.
2. The thermoplastic composition of claim 1, wherein the first carbonate unit of the polycarbonate or copolycarbonate is derived from a cyclohexylidene-bridged alkyl-substituted carbonate unit having the formula:
wherein Ra\u2032 and Rb\u2032 are each independently C1-12 alkyl, Rg is C1-12 alkyl or halogen, r and s are each independently 1 to 4, and t is 0 to 10, provided that at least one of each of Ra\u2032 and Rb\u2032 is disposed meta to the cyclohexylidene bridge.
3. The thermoplastic composition of claim 1, wherein the second carbonate unit of the copolycarbonate is derived from a dihydroxy aromatic compound having the formula:
wherein Ra and Rb are each independently halogen; Rc and Rd are each independently hydrogen, C1-12 alkyl, cyclic C1-12 alkyl, C7-12 arylalkyl, C1-12 heteroalkyl, or cyclic C7-12 heteroarylalkyl; and p and q are each independently 0 to 4.
4. The thermoplastic composition of claim 1, wherein the copolycarbonate comprises the formula:
wherein the molar ratio of x toy is 90:10 to 40:60.
5. The thermoplastic composition of claim 1, wherein the polysiloxane block of the polysiloxane-polycarbonate is derived from a polysiloxane having hydroxy end groups and having the formula:
wherein L is 4 to 60, each R is the same or different and is a C1-13 monovalent organic group; and Ar is a substituted or unsubstituted C6-30 arylene group; or
the polysiloxane block of the polysiloxane-polycarbonate is derived from a polysiloxane having hydroxy end groups and having the formula:
wherein L is on average 4 to 60; each R is the same or different and is a C1-13 monovalent organic group, and each R6 is independently a C7-30 arylene-alkylene group.
6. The thermoplastic composition of claim 5, wherein the polysiloxane block of the polysiloxane-polycarbonate is derived from a polysiloxane having hydroxy end groups of the formula:
wherein L is on average 4 to 60; each R is the same or different and is a C1-13 monovalent organic group, each R3 is independently a divalent C2-8 aliphatic group, each M is the same or different and is a halogen, cyano, nitro, C1-8 alkylthio, C1-8 alkyl, C1-8 alkoxy, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkenyloxy group, C3-8 cycloalkyl, C3-8 cycloalkoxy, C6-10 aryl, C6-10 aryloxy, C7-12 arylalkyl, C7-12 arylalkoxy, C7-12 alkylaryl, or C7-12 alkylaryloxy, and each n is independently 0 to 4.
7. The thermoplastic composition of claim 1, wherein the polysiloxane-polycarbonate comprises the formula:
wherein E is on average 4 to 60, and the weight ratio of m ton is 99:1 to 90:10.
8. The thermoplastic composition of claim 1, wherein the polysiloxane-polycarbonate is present in an amount of 10 to 90 weight percent based on the weight of polycarbonate or copolycarbonate and polysiloxane-polycarbonate.
9. The thermoplastic composition of claim 8, wherein the polycarbonate or copolycarbonate has a melt volume rate of less than or equal to 10 cubic centimeters per 10 minutes under a load of 1.2 kilograms and at a temperature of 300\xb0 C. according to ASTM D1238-00.
10. The thermoplastic composition of claim 9, wherein the polysiloxane-polycarbonate is present in an amount of greater than 17 weight percent based on the weight of polycarbonate or copolycarbonate and polysiloxane-polycarbonate.
11. The thermoplastic composition of claim 8, wherein the polycarbonate or copolycarbonate has a melt volume rate of less than or equal to 40 cubic centimeters per 10 minutes under a load of 1.2 kilograms and at a temperature of 300\xb0 C. according to ASTM D1238-00.
12. The thermoplastic composition of claim 11, wherein the polysiloxane-polycarbonate is present in an amount of greater than 40 weight percent based on the weight of polycarbonate or copolycarbonate and polysiloxane-polycarbonate.
13. The thermoplastic composition of claim 8, wherein the polysiloxane-polycarbonate is present in an amount of greater than 70 weight percent based on the weight of polycarbonate or copolycarbonate and polysiloxane-polycarbonate.
14. The thermoplastic composition of claim 13, wherein an article having a thickness of 3.2 mm and molded from the thermoplastic composition has Dynatup total energy of greater than 50 Joules, as measured at a constant speed of 3.3 to 3.6 msec at \u221220\xb0 C. according to ASTM D3763-02.
15. The thermoplastic composition of claim 1, wherein the trans-esterification catalyst is a tetraalkylphosphonium salt.
16. The thermoplastic composition of claim 1, wherein an article having a thickness of 3.2\xb10.12 mm and molded from the thermoplastic composition has a haze of less than 25% according to ASTM D1003-00.
17. The thermoplastic composition of claim 1, further comprising an additional polymer, wherein the additional polymer is present in an amount of 1 to 50 weight percent based on the weight of rolycarbonate or copolycarbonate and polysiloxane-polycarbonate.
18. The thermoplastic composition of claim 1, further comprising an additive including an impact modifier, a filler, an ionizing radiation stabilizer, an antioxidant, a heat stabilizer, a light stabilizer, an ultraviolet light absorber, a plasticizer, a lubricant, a mold release agent, an antistatic agent, a pigment, a dye, a flame retardant, an anti-drip agent, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing additives.
19. An article comprising the thermoplastic composition of claim 1.
20. A thermoplastic composition comprising:
10 to 90 weight percent of a polycarbonate or copolycarbonate comprising:
25 to 100 mole percent of a first carbonate unit derived from a dihydroxy aromatic compound having the formula
wherein Ra\u2032 and Rb\u2032 are each independently C1-12 alkyl, T is a C5-16 cycloalkylene, a C5-16 cycloalkylidene, a C1-5 alkylene, a C1-5 alkylidene, a arylene, a C7-12 arylalkylene, C7-12 arylalkylidene, a C7-12 alkylarylene, or a arylenealkyl, and r and s are each independently 1 to 4; and
0 to 75 mole percent of a second carbonate unit derived from a dihydroxy aromatic compound wherein the first carbonate unit and second carbonate unit are not identical, and
wherein the mole percentages of each of the first carbonate unit and the second carbonate unit are based on the total number of moles of first carbonate unit and second carbonate unit;
10 to 90 weight percent of a polysiloxane-polycarbonate comprising:
0.15 to 30 weight percent of a polysiloxane block comprising siloxane units of the formula
wherein L is on average 4 to 60, and each occurrence of R is the same or different and is a C1-13 monovalent organic group, and
70 to 99.85 weight percent of a third carbonate unit derived from a dihydroxy aromatic compound wherein the weight percentages of each of the polysiloxane block and the third carbonate unit are based on the total weight of polysiloxane block and third carbonate unit, and
a trans-esterification catalyst present in an amount of 20 to 500 parts per million based on weight, and wherein the trans-esterification catalyst is a tetraalkylphosphonium salt,
wherein the weight percentages of each of the copolycarbonate and polysiloxane-polycarbonate are based on the total weight of copolycarbonate and polysiloxane-polycarbonate, and
wherein an article having a thickness of 3.2 mm and molded from the thermoplastic composition has a Dynatup total energy of greater than 50 Joules, as measured at a constant speed of 3.3 to 3.6 msec at 23\xb0 C. according to ASTM D3763-02.
21. A thermoplastic composition consisting essentially of:
a polycarbonate or copolycarbonate consisting essentially of:
25 to 100 mole percent of a first carbonate unit derived from a dihydroxy aromatic compound having the formula
wherein Ra\u2032 and Rb\u2032 are each independently C1-12 alkyl, T is a C5-16 cycloalkylene, a C5-16 cycloalkylidene, a C1-5 alkylene, a C1-5 alkylidene, a arylene, a C7-12 arylalkylene, C7-12 arylalkylidene, a C7-12 alkylarylene, or a arylenealkyl, and r and s are each independently 1 to 4; and
0 to 75 mole percent of a second carbonate unit derived from a dihydroxy aromatic compound wherein the first carbonate unit and second carbonate unit are not identical, and
wherein the mole percentages of each of the first carbonate unit and the second carbonate unit are based on the total number of moles of first carbonate unit and second carbonate unit;
a polysiloxane-polycarbonate consisting essentially of
0.15 to 30 weight percent of a polysiloxane block comprising siloxane units of the formula
wherein L is on average 4 to 60, and each occurrence of R is the same or different and is a C1-13 monovalent organic group, and
70 to 99.85 weight percent of a third carbonate unit derived from a dihydroxy aromatic compound wherein the weight percentages of each of the polysiloxane block and the third carbonate unit are based on the total weight of polysiloxane block and third carbonate unit,
a trans-esterification catalyst present in an amount of 20 to 500 parts per million based on weight, and wherein the trans-esterification catalyst is a tetraalkylphosphonium salt, and
an additive,
wherein an article having a thickness of 3.2 mm and molded from the thermoplastic composition has a Dynatup total energy of greater than 50 Joules, as measured at a constant speed of 3.3 to 3.6 msec at 23\xb0 C. according to ASTM D3763-02.
22. A method of preparing a thermoplastic composition comprising melt blending:
a polycarbonate or copolycarbonate comprising:
25 to 100 mole percent of a first carbonate unit derived from a dihydroxy aromatic compound having the formula
wherein Ra\u2032 and Rb\u2032 are each independently C1-12 alkyl, T is a C5-16 cycloalkylene, a C5-16 cycloalkylidene, a C1-5 alkylene, a C1-5 alkylidene, a arylene, a C7-12 arylalkylene, C7-12 arylalkylidene, a C7-12 alkylarylene, or a arylenealkyl, and r and s are each independently 1 to 4; and
0 to 75 mole percent of a second carbonate unit derived from a dihydroxy aromatic compound wherein the first carbonate unit and second carbonate unit are not identical, and
wherein the mole percentages of each of the first carbonate unit and the second carbonate unit are based on the total number of moles of first carbonate unit and second carbonate unit; with
a polysiloxane-polycarbonate comprising
0.15 to 30 weight percent of a polysiloxane block comprising siloxane units of the formula
wherein L is on average 4 to 60, and each occurrence of R is the same or different and is a C1-13 monovalent organic group, and
70 to 99.85 weight percent of a third carbonate unit derived from a dihydroxy aromatic compound wherein the weight percentages of each of the polysiloxane block and the third carbonate unit are based on the total weight of polysiloxane block and third carbonate unit and
a trans-esterification catalyst present in an amount of 20 to 500 parts per million based on weight, and wherein the trans-esterification catalyst is a tetraalkylphosphonium salt,
wherein an article having a thickness of 3.2 mm and molded from the thermoplastic composition has a Dynatup total energy of greater than 50 Joules, as measured at a constant speed of 3.3 to 3.6 msec at 23\xb0 C. according to ASTM D3763-02.