1. A process for the production of NPK-polyphosphate materials using agricultural-grade phosphoric acid and potash in a continuous ion exchange resin.
2. The process of claim 1, wherein the continuous ion exchange resin is a weak cationic material.
3. The process of claim 1, wherein the continuous ion exchange resin is a strong cationic material.
4. A process of claim 1 comprising an initial treatment of the phosphoric acid with ammonia to produce an ammonium polyphosphate solution.
5. A process of claim 4 where the ammonium polyphosphate solution is then contacted in a continuous ion exchange system with an organic ion exchange resin that has been put into a potassium (K+) form to produce an ammoniumpotassium polyphosphate steam that contains substantially no chloride values.
6. A process of claim 4 where the ion exchange resin, now loaded with ammonium, is contacted with a stream of potassium chloride solution to remove the ammonium ions from the resin as an ammonium chloride stream, and replace the ammonium ions with potassium ions for subsequent reuse of the resin in the regeneration stage.
7. A process of claim 4 where the amount of ammonium polyphosphate solution is such that a slight deficiency of ammonium ions are present for a full exchange with the production of a resulting polyphosphate solution that is substantially potassium polyphosphate.
8. The process of claim 4 where the ammonium chloride solution is evaporated and dried to produce a crystallized ammonium chloride product.
9. The process of claim 4 where the ammonium chloride solution is reacted with a mixture of slaked lime to produce a calcium chloride co-product with subsequent recovery of the ammonium hydroxide.
10. The process of claim 1, wherein the continuous ion exchange resin comprises a weak cationic material, and optionally the weak cationic material comprises: a weak acid resin; a weak acid, macroporous cation exchange resin; a DOWEX MWC-1\u2122 (Dow Chemical Co., Midland, Mich.); a PUROLITE C-104+\u2122 (Purolite, Bala Cynwyd, Pa.); or, an equivalent type of resin.
11. The process of claim 1, wherein the continuous ion exchange resin comprises: a strong cationic material; a strong cationic exchange resin; a DOW 650C\u2122 (Dow Chemical Co., Midland, Mich.); a PUROLITE SST 60\u2122 (Purolite, Bala Cynwyd, Pa.); a LANXESS 1368320\u2122 (Lanxess AG, Cologne, Germany); or, an equivalent type of resin.
12. The process of claim 4, wherein the ammonium polyphosphate solution is then contacted in a continuous ion exchange system comprising an organic ion exchange resin that has been put into a potassium (K+) form to produce an ammoniumpotassium polyphosphate steam that comprises substantially no chloride values, at a temperature ranging from between about 60\xb0 F. to about 160\xb0 F., or between about 110\xb0 F. to about 130\xb0 F., and at a sufficient pressure to overcome the pressure drop associated with the resin beds.
13. The process of claim 4, wherein the ion exchange resin, now loaded with ammonium, is contacted with a stream of potassium chloride solution to remove the ammonium ions from the resin as an ammonium chloride stream, and replace the ammonium ions with potassium ions for subsequent reuse of the resin in the regeneration stage at a temperature ranging from between about 60\xb0 F. to about 160\xb0 F., or between about 110\xb0 F. to about 130\xb0 F., and at a pressure sufficient to overcome the pressure drop associated with the resin beds.
14. A process for the production of NPK-polyphosphate materials, or a liquid fertilizer solution that is substantially chloride-free, comprising:
(a) an initial treatment of a phosphoric acid with an ammonia to produce an ammonium polyphosphate solution, wherein optionally the phosphoric acid is agricultural grade;
(b) reaction of the ammonium polyphosphate solution to produce a potassium polyphosphate comprising the step:
R\u2014K++NH4-poly phosphate->R\u2014NH4++K-poly phosphate
where R is the IX resin phase,
wherein the potassium polyphosphate solution comprises an ammoniumpotassium solution or a full potassium polyphosphate solution, and the resin is now in the ammonium phase,
and optionally the solution is further evaporated; and
(c) the resin, now in the ammonium phase, is regenerated to convert it back to the potassium state by a process comprising initially contacting the resin with a small amount of water to wash the resin and remove any entrained phosphate solution, and then the resin is contacted with a solution of potassium chloride (potash) prepared by dissolving the potash into water, wherein contacting the potash solution with the resin removes the ammonium cation from the resin and replaces it with a potassium ion, and the resulting spent regeneration solution comprises a solution of ammonium chloride,
wherein optionally potassium chloride, or potash, is agricultural grade,
and optionally the ammonium chloride solution is further processed to recover the ammonia values (optionally, for recycle) by addition of lime and reaction of the lime with the ammonium chloride, resulting in the production of calcium chloride as a solution with the concurrent release of the ammonia as a vapor phase,
and optionally the lime is first received and processed in a slaking system to produce a slaked lime slurry that is then fed to a mixed tank reaction system, and the ammonium chloride converted to calcium chloride as follows:
2 H4Cl+Ca(OH)2->>2 H4OH+CaCl2.
15. A method for the production of an NPK-polyphosphate material using agricultural-grade phosphoric acid and potash in a continuous ion exchange resin comprising a process as set forth in FIG. 1.
16. A method for the production of an NPK-polyphos product comprising a process as set forth in FIG. 1.
17. A method for the production of an NH4CI solution product, or a dry NH4Cl, comprising a process as set forth in FIG. 1.
18. A method for the production of an CaCl2 solution product, or a dry CaCl2, comprising a process as set forth in FIG. 1.
19. (canceled)
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
What is claimed is:
1. A brushless dc motor, comprising:
a motor rotor having at least one magnet set;
a motor stator having at least one pole set corresponding to the magnet set of the motor rotor;
a first motor coil wound on the motor stator;
a second motor coil wound on the motor stator and connected parallel to the first motor coil;
a first sensordrive member connected to a power source, and further connected to the first motor coil, the first sensordrive member is adapted to control a first current passing through the first motor coil according to a first Hall signal detected by the first sensordrive member; and
a second sensordrive member connected parallel to the first sensordrive member, and further connected to the power source and the second motor coil, the second sensordrive member is adapted to control a second current passing through the second motor coil according to a second Hall signal detected by the second sensordrive member;
wherein the first sensordrive member and the second sensordrive member are commonly operated so that the first current of the first motor coil and the second current of the second motor coil are alternatively excited to thereby rotate the motor rotor.
2. The brushless dc motor as defined in claim 1, further comprising a circuit board attached to a bottom portion of the motor rotor; the first sensordrive member and the second sensordrive member are mounted to the circuit board.
3. The brushless dc motor as defined in claim 2, wherein, in rotational operation, the first sensordrive member detects a magnetic phase of 0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees or 270 degrees of the motor rotor leading to that detected by the second sensordrive member.
4. The brushless dc motor as defined in claim 3, wherein when the detected magnetic phase of the first sensordrive member is 90 degrees or 270 degrees leading to that of the second sensordrive member, the first motor coil and the second motor coil must be controlled to conduct in opposite directions so that the first motor coil and the second motor coil are excited in opposite direction.
5. The brushless dc motor as defined in claim 3, wherein when the detected magnetic phase of the first sensordrive member is 0 degrees or 180 degrees leading to that of the second sensordrive member, the first motor coil and the second motor coil must be controlled to conduct in the same direction so that the first motor coil and the second motor coil are excited in same direction.
6. The brushless dc motor as defined in claim 1, wherein each of the sensordrive members can be substituted by a combination of a drive member and a sensor member.