1. A method, comprising:
a) receiving a wireless telecommunications data signal without accompanying pilot signals;
b) extracting phase adjustment information from the wireless telecommunications data signal by reducing and averaging differential quadrature components of the received signal; and
c) using said phase adjustment information, demapping said wireless telecommunications data signal by either modifying an indication of said wireless telecommunications data signal and comparing a modified indication to constellation point values to obtain a decision or by modifying constellation point values and comparing an indication of said wireless telecommunications data signal to the modified constellation point values to obtain a decision, wherein
said indication of said wireless telecommunications signal is a Fourier transformed indication (Xi, Yi), and
said modifying an indication of said wireless telecommunications signal comprises correcting said Fourier transformed indication with estimates of a differential reference vector (dXr, dYr).
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein:
said differential reference vector is obtained by calculating differences between said corrected Fourier transformed indications and closest constellation point values to provide differential quadrature components of the corrected received signal dXi and dYi, reducing said differential quadrature components to obtain reduced differential components dXir and dYir and averaging sequences of said reduced differential components to provide a current estimate of said differential reference vector.
3. A method according to claim 2, wherein:
said reducing is accomplished according to
dXir=(A0ai)(dXi cos \u0394i\u2212dYi sin \u0394i),
dYir=(A0ai)(dYi cos \u0394i+dXi sin \u0394i),
where dXir and dYir are reduced differential quadrature components, A0 is an amplitude of a reference vector, ai is an amplitude of an i’th decision vector, and \u0394i is a phase difference between an i’th decision vector and a reference vector.
4. A method according to claim 3, wherein:
said averaging is accomplished according to
dX
r
\u2061
(
i
)
=
(
1
N
)
\u2062
\u2211
dX
jr
=
(
A
0
N
)
*
\u2211
j
=
i
–
N
i
\u2062
(
dX
j
\u2062
cos
\u2062
\u2062
\u0394
j
–
dY
j
\u2062
sin
\u2062
\u2062
\u0394
j
)
a
j
,
dY
r
\u2061
(
i
)
=
(
1
N
)
\u2062
\u2211
dY
jr
=
(
A
0
N
)
*
\u2211
j
=
i
–
N
i
\u2062
(
dY
j
\u2062
cos
\u2062
\u2062
\u0394
j
+
dX
j
\u2062
sin
\u2062
\u2062
\u0394
j
)
a
j
,
where dXr(i) and dYr(i) are averaged differential components at the i’th received symbol, and N is the number of symbols being averaged.
5. A method according to claim 4, wherein:
said N symbols being averaged are a block of N symbols.
6. A method according to claim 4, wherein:
said N symbols being averaged are a sliding window of N symbols.
7. A method according to claim 4, wherein:
said N symbols include only symbols deemed reliable.
8. A method according to claim 2, wherein:
said modifying is accomplished according to
Xic=(1A){(A0)2+dXrX0+dYrY0Xi\u2212dXrY0\u2212dYrX0Yi}
Yic=(1A){(A0)2+dXrX0+dYrY0Yi+dXrY0\u2212dYrX0Xi}
where X0 and Y0 represent coordinates of a reference vector, A0 is an amplitude of said reference vector, and A=A0(X0+dXr)2+(Y0+dYr)20.5.
9. A method according to claim 8, wherein:
said reference signal has coordinates X0=1 and Y0=0.
10. A method comprising:
a) receiving a wireless telecommunications data signal without accompanying pilot signals;
b) extracting phase adjustment information from the wireless telecommunications data signal by reducing and averaging quadrature components of the received signal; and
c) using said phase adjustment information, demapping said wireless telecommunications data signal by either modifying an indication of said wireless telecommunications data signal and comparing a modified indication to constellation point values to obtain a decision or by modifying constellation point values and comparing an indication of said wireless telecommunications data signal to the modified constellation point values to obtain a decision, wherein
said indication of said wireless telecommunications signal is a Fourier transformed indication (Xi, Yi), and
said modifying an indication of said wireless telecommunications signal comprises correcting said Fourier transformed indication with estimates of a reference vector (Xr, Yr).
11. A method according to claim 10, wherein:
said reference vector is obtained by obtaining quadrature components of the corrected received signal Xi and Yi, reducing said quadrature components to obtain reduced components Xir and Yir, and averaging sequences of said reduced components to provide a current estimate of said reference vector.
12. A method according to claim 11, wherein:
said reducing is accomplished according to
Xir=(A0ai)(Xi cos \u0394i\u2212Yi sin \u0394i),
Yir=(A0ai)(Yi cos \u0394i+Xi sin \u0394i),
where Xir and Yir are reduced quadrature components, A0 is an amplitude of a reference vector, ai is an amplitude of an i’th decision vector, and \u0394i is a phase difference between an i’th decision vector and a reference vector.
13. A method according to claim 12, wherein:
said averaging is accomplished according to
X
r
\u2061
(
i
)
=
(
1
N
)
\u2062
\u2211
X
jr
=
(
A
0
N
)
*
\u2211
j
=
i
–
N
i
\u2062
(
X
j
\u2062
cos
\u2062
\u2062
\u0394
j
–
Y
j
\u2062
sin
\u2062
\u2062
\u0394
j
)
a
j
,
Y
r
\u2061
(
i
)
=
(
1
N
)
\u2062
\u2211
Y
jr
=
(
A
0
N
)
*
\u2211
j
=
i
–
N
i
\u2062
(
Y
j
\u2062
cos
\u2062
\u2062
\u0394
j
+
X
j
\u2062
sin
\u2062
\u2062
\u0394
j
)
a
j
,
where Xr(i) and Yr(i) are averaged components at the i’th received symbol, N is the number of symbols being averaged.
14. A method according to claim 11, wherein:
said modifying is accomplished according to
Xic=(1A){(A0)2+dXrX0+dYrY0Xi\u2212dXrY0\u2212dYrX0Yi},
Yic=(1A){(A0)2+dXrX0+dYrY0Yi+dXrY0\u2212dYrX0Xi},
where X0 and Y0 represent coordinates of a reference vector, A0 is an amplitude of said reference vector, and A=A0(Xr)2+(Yr)20.5.
15. A method according to claim 14, wherein:
said reference signal has coordinates X0=1 and Y0=0.
16. A method comprising:
a) receiving a wireless telecommunications data signal without accompanying pilot signals;
b) extracting phase adjustment information from the wireless telecommunications data signal by reducing and averaging differential quadrature components of the received signal; and
c) using said phase adjustment information, demapping said wireless telecommunications data signal by either modifying an indication of said wireless telecommunications data signal and comparing a modified indication to constellation point values to obtain a decision or by modifying constellation point values and comparing an indication of said wireless telecommunications data signal to the modified constellation point values to obtain a decision, wherein
said indication of said wireless telecommunications signal is a Fourier transformed indication (Xi, Yi), and
said modifying constellation point values comprises generating corrected coordinates of the constellation points Xcn and Ycn.
17. A method according to claim 16, wherein:
said corrected coordinates are obtained by obtaining differences between said received signal and said corrected coordinates to provide differential quadrature components dXi and dYi, reducing said differential quadrature components to obtained reduced differential components dXir and dYir, averaging sequences of said reduced differential components to provide current estimates of a differential reference vector (dXr, dYr), and using said current estimates of said differential reference vector to obtain corrected coordinates Xcn and Ycn, where n=1,2, . . . , m, and where m represents the number of constellation points.
18. A method according to claim 17, wherein:
said reducing is accomplished according to
dXir=(A0ai)(dXi cos \u0394i\u2212dYi sin \u0394i),
dYir=(A0ai)(dYi cos \u0394i+dXi sin \u0394i),
where dXir and dYir are reduced differential quadrature components, A0 is an amplitude of a reference vector, ai is an amplitude of an i’th decision vector, and \u0394i is a phase difference between an i’th decision vector and a reference vector.
19. A method according to claim 18, wherein:
said averaging is accomplished according to
dX
r
\u2061
(
i
)
=
(
1
N
)
\u2062
\u2211
dX
jr
=
(
A
0
N
)
*
\u2211
j
=
i
–
N
i
\u2062
(
dX
j
\u2062
cos
\u2062
\u2062
\u0394
j
–
dY
j
\u2062
sin
\u2062
\u2062
\u0394
j
)
a
j
,
dY
r
\u2061
(
i
)
=
(
1
N
)
\u2062
\u2211
dY
jr
=
(
A
0
N
)
*
\u2211
j
=
i
–
N
i
\u2062
(
dY
j
\u2062
cos
\u2062
\u2062
\u0394
j
+
dX
j
\u2062
sin
\u2062
\u2062
\u0394
j
)
a
j
,
where dXr(i) and dYr(i) are averaged differential components at the i’th received symbol, and N is the number of symbols being averaged.
20. A method according to claim 19, wherein:
said N symbols being averaged are a block of N symbols.
21. A method according to claim 19, wherein:
said N symbols being averaged are a sliding window of N symbols.
22. A method according to claim 19, wherein:
said N symbols include only symbols deemed reliable.
23. A method according to claim 17, wherein:
said modifying is accomplished according to
Xcn(i)=Xcn(i\u22121)+(AnA0)dXr(i) cos \u03b8n\u2212dYr(i) sin \u03b8n,
Ycn(i)=Ycn(i\u22121)+(AnA0)dYr(i) cos \u03b8n+dXr(i) sin \u03b8n
where An is an amplitude of the n’th constellation point, A0 is an amplitude of a reference vector, and \u03b8n is a phase difference between the reference vector and the n’th constellation point.
24. A method according to claim 16, wherein:
said corrected coordinates are obtained by reducing said Xi, Yi to obtain reduced components Xir and Yir, averaging sequences of said reduced components to provide current estimates of a reference vector (Xr, Yr), and using said current estimates of said reference vector to obtain corrected coordinates Xcn and Ycn, where n=1,2, . . . , m, and where m represents the number of constellation points.
25. A method according to claim 24, wherein:
said reducing is accomplished according to
Xir=(A0ai)(Xi cos \u0394i\u2212Yi sin \u0394i),
Yir=(A0ai)(Yi cos \u0394i+Xi sin \u0394i),
where Xir and Yir are reduced quadrature components, A0 is an amplitude of a reference vector, ai is an amplitude of an i’th decision vector, and \u0394i is a phase difference between an i’th decision vector and a reference vector.
26. A method according to claim 25, wherein:
said averaging is accomplished according to
X
r
\u2061
(
i
)
=
\u2062
(
1
N
)
\u2062
\u2211
X
jr
=
(
A
0
N
)
*
\u2211
j
=
i
–
N
i
\u2062
\u2062
(
X
j
\u2062
cos
\u2062
\u2062
\u0394
j
–
Y
j
\u2062
sin
\u2062
\u2062
\u0394
j
)
a
j
,
Y
r
\u2061
(
i
)
=
\u2062
(
1
N
)
\u2062
\u2211
\u2062
\u2062
Y
jr
=
(
A
0
N
)
*
\u2211
j
=
i
–
N
i
\u2062
\u2062
(
Y
j
\u2062
cos
\u2062
\u2062
\u0394
j
+
X
j
\u2062
sin
\u2062
\u2062
\u0394
j
)
a
j
,
where Xr(i) and Yr(i) are averaged components at the i’th received symbol, N is the number of symbols being averaged.
27. A method comprising:
a) receiving a wireless telecommunications data signal without accompanying pilot signals;
b) extracting phase adjustment information from the wireless telecommunications data signal by reducing and averaging differential quadrature components of the received signal; and
c) using said phase adjustment information, demapping said wireless telecommunications data signal by either modifying an indication of said wireless telecommunications data signal and comparing a modified indication to constellation point values to obtain a decision or by modifying constellation point values and comparing an indication of said wireless telecommunications data signal to the modified constellation point values to obtain a decision, wherein
said wireless telecommunications signal is a multicarrier signal with correlated phase shifts,
said indication of said wireless telecommunications signal is a Fourier transformed multicarrier indication (Xk,Yk), where k is a carrier index k=1, . . . N where N is the number of carriers in said multicarrier signal, and
said modifying an indication of said wireless telecommunications signal comprises correcting said Fourier transformed multicarrier indication with estimates of a differential reference vector (dXr, dYr).
28. A method according to claim 27, wherein:
said differential reference vector is obtained by calculating differences between said corrected Fourier transformed multicarrier indications and closest constellation point values to provide differential quadrature components of the corrected received signal dXk and dYk, reducing said differential quadrature components to obtain reduced differential components dXkr and dYkr, and averaging sets of said reduced differential components to provide a current estimate of said differential reference vector.
29. A method according to claim 28, wherein:
said reducing is accomplished according to
dXkr=(A0ak)(dXk cos \u0394k\u2212dYk sin \u0394k),
dYkr=(A0ak)(dYk cos \u0394k+dXk sin \u0394k)
where dXir and dYir are sets of reduced differential quadrature components, \u0394k is the phase difference between decision and reference vectors at the k-th carner, ak is the amplitude of the decision vector at the k-th carrier, and A0 is the amplitude of the reference vector.
30. A method according to claim 29, wherein:
said averaging is accomplished according to
\u2146
X
r
=
\u2062
(
1
K
)
\u2062
\u2211
\u2146
X
kr
=
(
A
0
K
)
\u2062
\u2211
k
=
1
K
\u2062
\u2062
(
\u2146
X
k
\u2062
cos
\u2062
\u2062
\u0394
k
–
\u2146
Y
k
\u2062
sin
\u2062
\u2062
\u0394
k
)
a
k
,
\u2146
Y
r
=
\u2062
(
1
K
)
\u2062
\u2211
\u2146
Y
kr
=
(
A
0
K
)
\u2062
\u2211
k
=
1
K
\u2062
\u2062
(
\u2146
Y
k
\u2062
cos
\u2062
\u2062
\u0394
k
+
\u2146
X
k
\u2062
sin
\u2062
\u2062
\u0394
k
)
a
k
,
where K is the number of of said multicarrier signal, and where dXr and dYr are averaged differential components.
31. A method according to claim 27, wherein:
said modifying is accomplished according to
Xkc=(1A){(A0)2+dXrX0+dYrY0Xk\u2212dXrY0\u2212dYrX0Yk},
Ykc=(1A){(A0)2+dXrX0+dYrY0Yk+dXrY0\u2212dYrX0Xk},
where Xkc, Ykc are the corrected quadrature components of the k-th carrier, Xk, Yk are the received quadrature components of the k-th carrier, X0 and Y0 represent coordinates of a reference vector, A0 is an amplitude of said reference vector, and A=A0(X0+dXr)2+(Y0+dYr)20.5, where dXr and dYr are the estimates of differential components of the reference vector.
32. A method comprising:
a) receiving a wireless telecommunications data signal without accompanying pilot signals;
b) extracting phase adjustment information from the wireless telecommunications data signal by reducing and averaging differential quadrature components of the received signal; and
c) using said phase adjustment information, demapping said wireless telecommunications data signal by either modifying an indication of said wireless telecommunications data signal and comparing a modified indication to constellation point values to obtain a decision or by modifying constellation point values and comparing an indication of said wireless telecommunications data signal to the modified constellation point values to obtain a decision, wherein
said wireless telecommunications signal is a multicarrier signal with correlated phase shifts,
said indication of said wireless telecommunications signal is a Fourier transformed multicarrier indication (Xk, Yk) where k is a carrier index, k=1, . . . K where K is the number of carriers in said multicarrier signal, and
said modifying an indication of said wireless telecommunications signal comprises correcting said Fourier transformed multicarrier indication with estimates of a reference vector (Xr, Yr).
33. A method according to claim 32, wherein:
said reference vector is obtained by reducing a set of components Xk and Yk to obtain reduced components Xkr and Ykr, and averaging set of said reduced components to provide a current estimate of said reference vector.
34. A method according to claim 33, wherein:
said reducing is accomplished according to
Xkr=(A0ak)(Xk cos \u0394k\u2212Yk sin \u0394k),
Ykr=(A0ak)(Yk cos \u0394k+Xk sin \u0394k),
where A0 is an amplitude of said reference vector, ak is an amplitude of a decision vector for the k’th carrier of said multicarrier signal, and \u0394k is a phase difference between said decision vector for the k’th carrier and said reference vector.
35. A method according to claim 34, wherein:
said averaging is accomplished according to
X
r
=
\u2062
(
1
K
)
\u2062
\u2211
\u2062
\u2062
X
kr
=
(
A
0
K
)
\u2062
\u2211
k
=
1
K
\u2062
\u2062
(
X
k
\u2062
cos
\u2062
\u2062
\u0394
k
–
Y
k
\u2062
sin
\u2062
\u2062
\u0394
k
)
a
k
,
Y
r
=
\u2062
(
1
K
)
\u2062
\u2211
\u2062
\u2062
Y
kr
=
(
A
0
K
)
\u2062
\u2211
k
=
1
K
\u2062
\u2062
(
Y
k
\u2062
cos
\u2062
\u2062
\u0394
k
+
X
k
\u2062
sin
\u2062
\u2062
\u0394
k
)
a
k
.
36. A method according to claim 32, wherein:
said modifying is accomplished according to
Xkc=(1A)Xk(XrX0+YrY0)\u2212Yk(XrY0\u2212YrX0),
Ykc=(1A)Yk(XrX0+YrY0)+Xk(XrY0\u2212YrX0),
where Xkc, Ykc are the corrected quadrature components of the k-th carrier, Xk, Yk are the received quadrature components of the k-th carrier, X0 and Y0 represent coordinates of a reference vector, A0 is an amplitude of said reference vector, and A=A0(X0)2+(Y0)20.5.
37. A telecommunications apparatus, comprising:
a receiver which receives a wireless telecommunications data signal without accompanying pilot signals, said receiver including a demapper, said demapper including means for extracting phase adjustment information from the telecommunications data signal by reducing and averaging differential quadrature components of the received signal and for using said phase adjustment information to demap said wireless telecommunications data signal by either modifying a Fourier transformed indication Xi, Yi) of said telecommunications data signal by correcting said Fourier transformed indication with estimates of a differential reference vector (dXr, dYr) and comparing a so-modified indication to constellation point values to obtain a decision, or by modifying constellation point values and comparing a Fourier transformed indication (Xi, Yi) of said wireless telecommunications data signal to the modified constellation point values to obtain a decision.
38. A telecommunications system, comprising:
a first telecommunications apparatus including a transmitter which transmits a wireless telecommunications data signal without accompanying pilot signals; and
a second telecommunications apparatus including a receiver which receives said wireless telecommunications data signal, said receiver including a demapper, said demapper including means for extracting phase adjustment information from the telecommunications data signal by reducing and averaging differential quadrature components of the received signal and for using said phase adjustment information to demap said wireless telecommunications data signal by either modifying a Fourier transformed indication (Xi, Yi) of said telecommunications data signal by correcting said Fourier transformed indication with estimates of a differential reference vector (dxr, dYr) and comparing a so-modified indication to constellation point values to obtain a decision, or by modifying constellation point values and comparing a Fourier transformed indication (Xi, Yi) of said wireless telecommunications data signal to the modified constellation point values to obtain a decision.
39. A method comprising:
a) receiving a wireless telecommunications data signal without accompanying pilot signals;
b) extracting phase adjustment information from the wireless telecommunications data signal by reducing and averaging differential quadrature components of the received signal; and
c) using said phase adjustment information, demapping said wireless telecommunications data signal by either modifying an indication of said wireless telecommunications data signal and comparing a modified indication to constellation point values to obtain a decision or by modifying constellation point values and comparing an indication of said wireless telecommunications data signal to the modified constellation point values to obtain a decision, wherein,
said wireless telecommunications signal is a multicarrier signal with correlated phase shifts,
said indication of said wireless telecommunications signal is a Fourier transformed multicarrier indication (Xk, Yk) where k is a carrier index, k=1, . . . K where K is the number of carriers in said multicarrier signal, and
said modifying constellation point values comprises generating corrected coordinates of the constellation points Xcn and Ycn.
40. A method according to claim 39, wherein:
said corrected coordinates are obtained by obtaining differences between said received signal and said corrected coordinates to provide differential quadrature components dXk and dYk, reducing said differential quadrature components to obtain reduced differential components dXkr and dYkr, averaging sequences of said reduced differential components to provide current estimates of a differential reference vector (dXr, dYr), and using said current estimates of said differential reference vector to obtain corrected coordinates Xcn and Ycn, where n=1,2, . . . , m, and where m represents the number of constellation points.
41. A method according to claim 40, wherein:
said reducing is accomplished according to
dXkr=(A0ak)(dXk cos \u0394k\u2212dYk sin \u0394k),
dYkr=(A0ak)(dYk cos \u0394k+dXk sin \u0394k),
where dXkr and dYkr are reduced differential quadrature components, A0 is an amplitude of a reference vector, ak is an amplitude of an k’th decision vector, and \u0394k is a phase difference between a k’th decision vector and a reference vector.
42. A method according to claim 41, wherein:
said averaging is accomplished according to
dX
r
=
(
1
K
)
\u2062
\u2211
dX
kr
=
(
A
0
K
)
\u2062
\u2211
j
=
i
–
K
i
\u2062
(
dX
j
\u2062
cos
\u2062
\u2062
\u0394
j
–
dY
j
\u2062
sin
\u2062
\u2062
\u0394
j
)
a
j
,
\u2062
dY
r
=
(
1
K
)
\u2062
\u2211
dY
kr
=
(
A
0
K
)
\u2062
\u2211
j
=
i
–
K
i
\u2062
(
dY
j
\u2062
cos
\u2062
\u2062
\u0394
j
+
dX
j
\u2062
sin
\u2062
\u2062
\u0394
j
)
a
k
j
,
where dXr and dYr are averaged differential components for all carriers of said multicarrier signal, and K is the number of said carriers.
43. A method according to claim 40, wherein:
said modifying is accomplished according to
Xcn=Xn+(AnA0)dXr cos \u03b8n\u2212dYr sin \u03b8n,
Ycn=Yn+(AnA0)dYr cos \u03b8n+dXr sin \u03b8n
where An is an amplitude of the n’th constellation point, A0 is an amplitude of a reference vector, and \u03b8n is a phase difference between the reference vector and the n’th constellation point.
44. A method according to claim 39, wherein:
said corrected coordinates are obtained by reducing said Xk, Yk to obtain reduced components Xkr and Ykr, averaging sequences of said reduced components to provide current estimates of a reference vector (Xr, Yr), and using said current estimates of said reference vector to obtain corrected coordinates Xcn and Ycn, where n=1,2, . . . , m, and where m represents the number of constellation points.
45. A method according to claim 44, wherein:
said reducing is accomplished according to
Xkr=(A0ak)(Xk cos \u0394k\u2212Yk sin \u0394k),
Ykr=(A0ak)(Yk cos \u0394k+Xk sin \u0394k),
where Xkr and Ykr are reduced quadrature components, A0 is an amplitude of a reference vector, ak is an amplitude of an k’th decision vector, and \u0394k is a phase difference between a k’th decision vector and a reference vector.
46. A method according to claim 45, wherein:
said averaging is accomplished according to
X
r
=
(
1
K
)
\u2062
\u2211
X
jr
=
(
A
0
K
)
\u2062
\u2211
j
=
i
–
K
i
\u2062
(
X
j
\u2062
cos
\u2062
\u2062
\u0394
j
–
Y
j
\u2062
sin
\u2062
\u2062
\u0394
j
)
a
j
,
\u2062
Y
r
=
(
1
K
)
\u2062
\u2211
Y
jr
=
(
A
0
K
)
\u2062
\u2211
j
=
i
–
K
i
\u2062
(
Y
j
\u2062
cos
\u2062
\u2062
\u0394
j
+
X
j
\u2062
sin
\u2062
\u2062
\u0394
j
)
a
j
,
where Xr and Yr are averaged components, and K is the number of carriers of said multicarrier signal.
47. A method comprising:
a) receiving a wireless telecommunications data signal without accompanying pilot signals;
b) extracting phase adjustment information from the wireless telecommunications data signal by reducing and averaging differential quadrature components or quadrature components of the received signal; and
c) using said phase adjustment information, demapping said wireless telecommunications data signal by either modifying an indication of said wireless telecommunications data signal and comparing a modified indication to constellation point values to obtain a decision, or by modifying constellation point values and comparing an indication of said wireless telecommunications data signal to the modified constellation point values to obtain a decision, wherein
said wireless telecommunications signal is a multicarrier signal with correlated phase shifts,
said indication of said wireless telecommunications signal is a Fourier transformed multicarrier Y-coordinate indication (Yk), where k is a carrier index k=1, . . . K where K is the number of carriers in said multicarrier signal, and
said modifying an indication of said wireless telecommunications signal comprises correcting said Fourier transformed multicarrier Y-coordinate indication with estimates of either a reference Y-coordinate (Yr) or a differential reference Y-coordinate (dYr).
48. A method according to claim 47, wherein:
said differential reference Y-coordinate is obtained by calculating differences between said corrected Fourier transformed multicarrier Y-coordinate indications and closest constellation point values to provide differential quadrature components dXk and dYk, reducing said differential quadrature components to obtain reduced differential components dYkr, and averaging said reduced differential components to provide a current estimate of said differential reference Y-coordinate.
49. A method according to claim 48, wherein:
said reducing is accomplished according to
dYkr=(1ak)(dYk cos \u0394k+dXk sin \u0394k)
where dYkr are reduced differential components, \u0394k is the phase difference between decision and reference vectors at the k-th carrier, and ak is the amplitude of the decision vector at the k-th carrier.
50. A method according to claim 49, wherein:
said averaging is accomplished according to
dY
r
=
(
1
K
)
\u2062
\u2211
dY
kr
=
(
A
0
K
)
\u2062
\u2211
k
=
1
K
\u2062
(
dY
k
\u2062
cos
\u2062
\u2062
\u0394
k
+
dX
k
\u2062
sin
\u2062
\u2062
\u0394
k
)
a
k
,
where K is the number of carriers of said multicarrier signal, where dYr is said differential reference Y-coordinate, and where A0 is the amplitude of the reference vector.
51. A method according to claim 47, wherein:
said reference Y-coordinate is obtained by reducing a set of components Xk, Yk to obtain reduced components Ykr, and averaging said set of said reduced components to provide a current estimate of said reference Y-coordinate.
52. A method according to claim 51, wherein:
said reducing is accomplished according to
Ykr=(1ak)(Yk cos \u0394k+Xk sin \u0394k),
where ak is an amplitude of a decision vector for the k’th carrier of said multicarrier signal, and \u0394k is a phase difference between said decision vector for the k’th carrier and said reference vector.
53. A method according to claim 52, wherein:
said averaging is accomplished according to
Y
r
=
(
1
K
)
\u2062
\u2211
Y
kr
=
(
A
0
K
)
\u2062
\u2211
k
=
1
K
\u2062
(
Y
k
\u2062
cos
\u2062
\u2062
\u0394
k
+
X
k
\u2062
sin
\u2062
\u2062
\u0394
k
)
a
k
,
where A0 is the amplitude of the reference vector.
54. A method comprising:
a) receiving a wireless telecommunications data signal without accompanying pilot signals;
b) extracting phase adjustment information from the wireless telecommunications data signal; and
c) using said phase adjustment information, demapping said wireless telecommunications data signal by either modifying an indication of said wireless telecommunications data signal and comparing a modified indication to constellation point values to obtain a decision or by modifying constellation point values and comparing an indication of said wireless telecommunications data signal to the modified constellation point values to obtain a decision, wherein
said wireless telecommunications signal is a multicarrier signal with correlated phase shifts,
received carriers of said multicarrier signal are phase corrected by predetermined values of dYr or Yr radians to obtain a set of corrected carriers,
the set of corrected carriers is used for making multicarrier current decisions,
differential quadrature components of the corrected carriers are calculated using the current decisions,
the set of differential quadrature components or the quadrature components of the carriers are reduced and their Y-components are averaged, and
the average values are used as the predetermined values in phase correcting the received carrier values of a next multicarrier signal.
55. A method comprising:
a) receiving a wireless telecommunications data signal without accompanying pilot signals;
b) extracting phase adjustment information from the wireless telecommunications data signal; and
c) using said phase adjustment information, demapping said wireless telecommunications data signal by either modifying an indication of said wireless telecommunications data signal and comparing a modified indication to constellation point values to obtain a decision or by modifying constellation point values and comparing an indication of said wireless telecommunications data signal to the modified constellation point values to obtain a decision, wherein
said wireless telecommunications signal is a multicarrier signal,
said modifying comprises correcting all received carriers of said multicarrier signal with some predetermined phase shift or with a constant phase increment, and with some predetermined sign to provide a set of corrected carriers to provide said modified indication Xk, Yk,
said comparing comprises using said set of corrected carriers for making multicarrier current decisions, said multicarrier current decisions being used to determine differential quadrature components of the carriers, dXk, dYk, and
said demapping further comprises reducing said set of differential quadrature components or said modified indication, and applying a majority vote algorithm to the reduced set of differential quadrature components or said reduced set of modified indications, and based at least partially on said majority vote algorithm, determining said phase adjustment information.
56. A method according to claim 55, wherein:
said majority vote algorithm transforms said reduced set of differential quadrature components or said reduced set of modified indications into an integer, and
said determining said phase adjustment information comprises comparing said integer to a predetermined threshold.
57. A method according to claim 56, wherein:
said determining said phase adjustment information further comprises making no phase correction if said integer relates to said predetermined threshold in a first manner, and determining a direction of phase correction if said integer relates to said predetermined threshold in a second manner.
58. A method according to claim 57, wherein:
said determining said phase adjustment information further comprises, assigning a phase shift value equal to an average phase shift of majority carriers if said integer relates to said predetermined threshold in said second manner.
59. A method according to claim 57, wherein:
said determining said phase adjustment information further comprises, assigning a phase shift value equal to a predetermined constant increment if said integer relates to said predetermined threshold in said second manner.
60. A method according to claim 55, wherein:
said majority vote algorithm comprises
D
+
–
=
\u2211
k
=
1
K
\u2062
Sign
\u2061
(
dY
k
\u2062
cos
\u2062
\u2062
\u0394
k
+
dX
k
\u2062
sin
\u2062
\u2062
\u0394
k
)
\u2062
\u2062
or
D
+
–
=
\u2211
k
=
1
K
\u2062
Sign
\u2061
(
Y
k
\u2062
cos
\u2062
\u2062
\u0394
k
+
X
k
\u2062
sin
\u2062
\u2062
\u0394
k
)
where K is the number of carriers of said multicarrier signal, \u0394k is a phase difference between a decision vector for the k’th carrier and a reference vector.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A hydraulic control device that controls a hydraulic pressure to be supplied to a hydraulic servo for a hydraulically driven friction engagement element in an automatic transmission that changes between shift speeds by switching an engagement state of the friction engagement element, comprising:
a pump that generates a hydraulic pressure;
a first pressure regulation mechanism that includes a normally-open solenoid and that regulates the hydraulic pressure from the pump to generate a line pressure;
a second pressure regulation mechanism that includes a normally-closed solenoid and that receives and regulates the line pressure to output the regulated pressure;
a signal pressure output mechanism that includes a normally-closed solenoid to output a signal pressure; and
a switching mechanism that is connected to oil passages for the respective mechanisms and an oil passage for the hydraulic servo and that includes a signal pressure input oil passage to which at least the signal pressure from the signal pressure output mechanism can be input, the switching mechanism allowing communication between the oil passage for the first pressure regulation mechanism and the oil passage for the hydraulic servo and blocking communication between the oil passage for the second pressure regulation mechanism and the oil passage for the hydraulic servo when the signal pressure is not input to the signal pressure input oil passage, and blocking communication between the oil passage for the first pressure regulation mechanism and the oil passage for the hydraulic servo and allowing communication between the oil passage for the second pressure regulation mechanism and the oil passage for the hydraulic servo when the signal pressure is input to the signal pressure input oil passage.
2. The hydraulic control device according to claim 1, wherein
the switching mechanism includes a first switching valve that includes a signal pressure input oil passage, the first switching valve switching between a state in which communication between the oil passage for the first pressure regulation mechanism and the oil passage for the hydraulic servo is allowed and communication between the oil passage for the second pressure regulation mechanism and the oil passage for the hydraulic servo is blocked and a state in which communication between the oil passage for the first pressure regulation mechanism and the oil passage for the hydraulic servo is blocked and communication between the oil passage for the second pressure regulation mechanism and the oil passage for the hydraulic servo is allowed, and a second switching valve that includes a signal pressure input oil passage connected to the oil passage for the second pressure regulation mechanism, the second switching valve allowing communication between the oil passage for the first pressure regulation mechanism and the signal pressure input oil passage of the first switching valve when a signal pressure from the second pressure regulation mechanism is input, and blocking communication between the oil passage for the first pressure regulation mechanism and the signal pressure input oil passage of the first switching valve and allowing communication between the oil passage for the signal pressure output mechanism and the signal pressure input oil passage of the first switching valve when the signal pressure from the second pressure regulation mechanism is not input.
3. The hydraulic control device according to claim 1, wherein
the switching mechanism includes a dedicated solenoid.
4. The hydraulic control device according to claim 2, wherein
the switching mechanism includes a dedicated solenoid.