1. A pharmaceutical composition comprising;
(a) an inner component comprising an effective amount of a first therapeutic agent, wherein the ingestible component releases the first therapeutic agent by dissolving in stomach, intestines, or further distal in the gastrointestinal tract; and
(b) two or more discrete pulverizable outer layers, each of the discrete pulverizable outer layers comprising at least one second therapeutic agent, the two or more discrete pulverizable outer layers comprising an effective amount of two or more second therapeutic agents, wherein the two or more discrete pulverizable layers are dispersed in the oral cavity by masticating, sucking, dissolving, releasing, or other common means, thereby releasing the two or more second therapeutic agents into the oral cavity where they enter the circulatory system by traversing the buccal mucosa, oral mucosa or combinations thereof;
wherein (a) and (b) further comprise one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, carriers or diluents.
2. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1,
wherein the inner component is a delayed or extended release dosage form that is at least partially surrounded by the two or more discrete pulverizable outer layers.
3. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the first therapeutic agent is niacin, immediate-release niacin or extended release niacin, and combinations thereof.
4. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein at least one of the two or more second therapeutic agents is selected from anti-flushing agents which include but are not limited to the group consisting of an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase I, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase II, aspirin, diclofenac and laropiprant.
5. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the inner component comprises an effective amount of niacin and optionally, an effective amount of an anti-flush agent such as an NSAID or a COX inhibitor, and wherein at least one of the two or more discrete pulverizable outer layers is selected from the group consisting of anti-flush agents such as an NSAID and a COX inhibitor.
6. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein at least one of the two or more discrete pulverizable outer layers comprise at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, carrier or diluent, selected from the group consisting of glucose, maltose, sucrose, dextrose, fructose, sorbitol, mannitol, natural and artificial sweeteners, xanthan gum, methylcelluloses such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose or hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, alginates, tragacanth, soluble starch sugars polyalcohols, microcrystalline cellulose, magnesium stearate, carboxymethyl cellulose or low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (L-HPC), polyvinylpyrrolidone XL and carboxymethylamide and combinations thereof or a hydrophilic layer comprising at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, carrier or diluent, selected from the group consisting of sugar, sugar alcohol, polyethylene glycol (PEG), or polyethylene oxide, sorbitol, mannitol, maltitol, reduced starch saccharide, xylitol, reduced paratinose, erythritol, glucose, gelatin, partially hydrolyzed gelatin, hydrolyzed dextran, dextrin, alginate and combinations thereof.
7. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein (a) comprises an enteric coating selected from the group consisting of copolymecellulose acetate phthalate, alginates, alkali-soluble acrylic resins, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate, methacrylate-methacrylic acid copolymers, polyvinyl acetate phthalate and styrol maleic acid copolymers.
8. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 2, wherein the inner component is surrounded on one hemisphere by the two or more discrete pulverizable outer layers.
9. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the inner component comprises an effective amount of niacin and optionally, an effective amount of either an anti-flush agent comprising an NSAID, a COX inhibitor, laropiprant or combinations thereof, and wherein the two or more discrete pulverizable outer layers comprise aspirin and diclofenac in one or more of the two or more discrete pulverizable outer layers.
10. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 9, wherein the inner component comprises an effective amount of niacin and optionally, an effective amount of either an anti-flush agent comprising an NSAID, a COX inhibitor, laropiprant or combinations thereof, and wherein the two or more discrete pulverizable outer layers comprises aspirin and ibuprofen in one or more of the two or more discrete pulverizable outer layers.
11. A pharmaceutical composition comprising;
(a) a swallowable portion comprising an effective amount of a first therapeutic agent, wherein the ingestible component releases the first therapeutic agent by dissolving in the stomach, intestines, or further distal in the gastrointestinal tract; and
(b) an absorbed-in-mouth portion comprising an effective amount of two or more second therapeutic agents, wherein the absorbed-in-mouth portion is dispersed in the oral cavity by masticating, sucking, dissolving, releasing, or other common means, thereby releasing the two or more second therapeutic agents into the oral cavity where they enter the circulatory system by traversing the oral mucosa buccal mucosa and combinations thereof;
wherein (a) and (b) further comprise one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, carriers or diluents.
12. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 11,
wherein the swallowable portion is a delayed or extended release dosage form that is at least partially surrounded by the absorbed-in-mouth portion.
13. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 11, wherein the first therapeutic agent is niacin, immediate-release niacin or extended release niacin, and combinations thereof.
14. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 11, wherein at least one of the two or more second therapeutic agents is selected from anti-flushing agents which include but are not limited to the group agents consisting of an inhibitor of cylcooxygenase I, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase II, aspirin, diclofenac and laropiprant.
15. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 11, wherein the swallowable portion comprises an effective amount of niacin and optionally, an effective amount of either NSAID or a COX inhibitor or laropiprant, and wherein the absorbed-in-mouth portion comprises at least one anti-flush agent comprising an NSAID, a COX inhibitor, laropiprant and combinations thereof.
16. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 11, wherein the swallowable portion comprises an effective amount of niacin and optionally, an effective amount of either an anti-flush agent comprising an NSAID, a COX inhibitor, laropiprant or combinations thereof, and wherein the absorbed-in-mouth portion comprises aspirin and diclofenac.
17. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 11, wherein the swallowable portion comprises an effective amount of niacin and optionally, an effective amount of either an anti-flush agent comprising an NSAID, a COX inhibitor, laropiprant or combinations thereof, and wherein the absorbed-in-mouth portion comprises aspirin and ibuprofen.
18. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 11, wherein at least one of the two or more second therapeutic agents comprise at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, carrier or diluent, selected from the group consisting of glucose, maltose, sucrose, dextrose, fructose, sorbitol, mannitol, natural and artificial sweeteners, xanthan gum, methylcelluloses such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose or hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, alginates, tragacanth, soluble starch sugars polyalcohols, microcrystalline cellulose, magnesium stearate, carboxymethyl cellulose or low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (L-HPC), polyvinylpyrrolidone XL and carboxymethylamide and combinations thereof or a hydrophilic layer comprising at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, carrier or diluent, selected from the group consisting of sugar, sugar alcohol, polyethylene glycol (PEG), or polyethylene oxide, sorbitol, mannitol, maltitol, reduced starch saccharide, xylitol, reduced paratinose, erythritol, glucose, gelatin, partially hydrolyzed gelatin, hydrolyzed dextran, dextrin, alginate and combinations thereof.
19. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 11, wherein (a) comprises an enteric coating selected from the group consisting of copolymecellulose acetate phthalate, alginates, alkali-soluble acrylic resins, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate, methacrylate-methacrylic acid copolymers, polyvinyl acetate phthalate and styrol maleic acid copolymers.
20. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 12,
wherein the swallowable portion is surrounded on one hemisphere by the absorbed-in-mouth portion.
21. A method of reducing the serum levels in a subject in need thereof, of one or more of the following, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and lipoprotein (a), by administering to said subject an effective amount of the composition of claim 18.
22. A method of preventing elevated serum levels in a subject in need thereof, of one or more of the following, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipoprotein (a), by administering to said subject an effective amount of the composition of claim 18.
23. A method of increasing HDL cholesterol in a subject in need thereof, by administering to said subject an effective amount of the composition of claim 18.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A communication system for communicating with a mobile station comprising:
a base station coupled to said mobile station and for maintaining communication with said mobile station;
said base station including:
a selection distribution unit (SDU) for controlling communication of said communication system with said mobile station;
a first base station transceiver (BTS) having a primary channel;
a second BTS having a supplemental channel:
a time slot manager (TSM) for said primary channel and said supplemental channel; and
said SDU including means for scheduling said supplemental channel to correspond to a time slot and rate of the primary channel via said TSM for communicating with said mobile station wherein the SDU grants the scheduled supplemental channel without a response from the second BTS.
2. A communication system as claimed in claim 1 wherein:
said means for scheduling selects said time slot having maximum data rate for said first BTS and said second BTS; and
said means for scheduling selects said time slot for others of said plurality of BTSs.
3. A communication system as claimed in claim 1 wherein said first BTS includes a primary link in soft handoff with said mobile station.
4. A communication system as claimed in claim 1 wherein said second BTS includes a secondary link in soft handoff with said mobile station.
5. A communication system as claimed in claim 1 wherein said means for scheduling initiates communication with said mobile station via said time slot of first BTS and said second BTS.
6. A communication system as claimed in claim 1 wherein:
said means for scheduling requests said supplemental channel of said first BTS; and
said TSM of said first BTS assigning a time slot in said supplemental channel of said first BTS.
7. A communication system as claimed in claim 6 wherein means for scheduling initiates communication with said mobile station via said assigned time slot of said first BTS and via a corresponding time slot of said others of said plurality of BTSs.
8. A communication system as claimed in claim 6 wherein said first BTS includes a primary link in soft handoff with said mobile station.
9. A communication system as claimed in claim 6 wherein said second BTS includes a secondary link in soft handoff with said mobile station.
10. In a communication system including a base station having a selection distribution unit (SDU) and a plurality of base station transceivers (BTSs) coupled to a mobile station, a method for scheduling a supplemental channel comprising the steps of:
providing a primary link from a first BTS of the plurality of BTSs to the mobile station;
providing at least one secondary link from at least one other BTS of the plurality of BTSs to the mobile station;
allocating by the first BTS a time slot within the first BTS having a maximum transmission rate for communication with the mobile station; and
selecting by the at least one other BTS of the plurality of BTSs a same time slot as the time slot in the first BTS within the at least one other BTS for communication with the mobile station without a response from the at least one other BTS of the plurality of BTSs.
11. In a communication system the method for scheduling the supplemental channel as claimed in claim 10 wherein there is further included a step of sending information to the first BTS and the at least one other BTS for the mobile station.
12. In a communication system the method for scheduling the supplemental channel as claimed in claim 10 wherein there is further included a step of selecting all other BTSs of the plurality of BTSs having the secondary link with the mobile station.
13. In a communication system the method for scheduling the supplemental channel as claimed in claim 12, wherein there is further included a step of sending information to the first BTS and to all the other BTSs having the secondary link with the mobile station.
14. In a communication system the method for scheduling the supplemental channel as claimed in claim 13 wherein there is further included a step of transmitting the information, by the first BTS and all the other BTSs having the secondary link, to the mobile station.
15. In a communication system the method for scheduling the supplemental channel as claimed in claim 14 wherein the step of transmitting includes a step of transmitting the information at the maximum transmission rate to the first BTS and to all other BTSs.