1. A mobile platform, comprising:
a volume adapted to contain a first, a second, and a third object;
a primary air conditioning system adapted to compress and cool a quantity of outside air, the air conditioning system further adapted to pressurize the volume therewith so that the quantity of outside air becomes a quantity of inside air, the air conditioning system further adapted to ventilate the first object with the quantity of inside air;
an exhaust adapted to exhaust a portion of the quantity of inside air; and
a cooler adapted to cool the portion of the quantity of inside air and to use the portion of the quantity of inside air to cool the second and third objects.
2. The mobile platform according to claim 1, the first object being a passenger.
3. The mobile platform according to claim 1, the second object to be selected from the group consisting of a cargo compartment, a component of electronic equipment, and a galley refrigerator.
4. The mobile platform according to claim 1, the cooler comprising a coolant selected from the group consisting of polyalphaolefin, propylene glycol, and water.
5. The mobile platform according to claim 1, the primary air conditioning system further comprising an air cycle system and a turbine expander.
6. An aircraft, comprising:
an internal volume adapted to contain a plurality of heat generating loads;
a compressor adapted to compress outside air;
a cooler adapted to cool the compressed outside air to turn the cooled compressed outside air into inside air, the inside air adapted to pressurize the volume;
a centralized thermal management system, the thermal management system adapted to provide the inside air to a first one of the plurality of heat generating loads, the thermal management system further adapted to exhaust a portion of the inside air from the first heat generating load, cool the portion of the inside air, and supply the portion of the inside air to at least a second one of the plurality of heat generating loads to control the temperature of the second heat generating load, the temperature of the second heat generating load being controlled solely by the portion of the inside air.
7. The aircraft according to claim 6, the volume further adapted to contain a passenger, the centralized thermal management system adapted to ventilate the passenger with the inside air.
8. The aircraft according to claim 6, the plurality of heat generating loads to include one of a piece of cargo, a piece of electronic equipment, and a galley refrigerator.
9. The aircraft according to claim 6, the centralized thermal management system comprising a coolant selected from the group consisting of polyalphaolefin, propylene glycol, and water.
10. The aircraft according to claim 6, the cooler further comprising an air cycle system and a turbine expander.
11. A method of managing thermal loads on an aircraft comprising:
compressing a quantity of outside air;
cooling the quantity of outside air to form a quantity of inside air;
ventilating a first object in a pressurized volume of the aircraft with the quantity of inside air;
exhausting a portion of the quantity of inside air from the first object;
cooling the portion of the quantity of inside air; and
cooling a second object in the pressurized volume solely with the portion of the quantity of inside air.
12. The method according to claim 11, the first object comprising a passenger.
13. The method according to claim 11, wherein the second object is selected from the group consisting of a cargo compartment, a piece of electronic equipment, and a galley refrigerator.
14. The method according to claim 11, wherein the portion of the quantity of inside air is cooled with a coolant selected from the group consisting of polyalphaolefin, propylene glycol, and water.
15. The method according to claim 11, the cooling of the quantity of outside air to further comprise:
using ram air to cool the quantity of outside air; and
expanding the quantity of outside air.
16. A method of designing an aircraft air conditioning system comprising:
including an outside air supply and a supplemental cooling unit in an architecture of the aircraft air conditioning system;
designing the outside air supply to compress outside air to form a quantity of inside air that pressurizes a volume within the aircraft and ventilates a first portion of the pressurized volume;
designing the supplemental cooling unit to exhaust a portion of the inside air away from the first portion of the pressurized volume and control the temperature of an object in a second portion of the pressurized volume of the aircraft, the temperature of the object being controlled solely with the portion of the inside air exhausted away from the first portion of the pressurized volume; and
sizing the outside air supply based upon the including of the supplemental cooling unit in the aircraft air conditioning system architecture and further based upon using the exhausted portion of the inside air to control the temperature of the object in the second portion of the pressurized volume of the aircraft.
17. The method according to claim 16, further comprising including an inside air recirculation line to the supplemental cooling unit to enable the supplemental cooling unit to control the temperature of the object in the second portion of the pressurized volume with the recirculation air.
18. The method according to claim 16, further comprising including a central coolant loop to the supplemental cooling unit to enable the supplemental cooling unit to control the temperature of the object in the pressurized volume with a coolant of the central coolant loop.
19. A mobile platform comprising:
a cabin area;
a primary air conditioning system adapted to compress and cool a first quantity of air drawn from outside the mobile platform, to create a second quantity of air, and to pressurize said cabin area with said second quantity of air;
a supplemental cooling system for cooling a specific subsystem on said mobile platform other than said cabin area;
an exhaust component adapted to exhaust a portion of said second quantity of air from said cabin area: and
the supplemental cooling system adapted to receive said portion of said second quantity of air exhausted from said cabin and to cool said portion to create a third quantity of air, and to circulate said third quantity of air back into said cabin area to mix with said second quantity of air and to assist in cooling said cabin area.
20. A method for cooling an interior cabin area of a mobile platform, comprising:
using a primary air conditioning system to compress and cool a first quantity of air drawn from outside the mobile platform, to create a second quantity of air;
pressurizing said cabin area with said second quantity of air;
exhausting a portion of said second quantity of air from said cabin area to a supplemental cooling system, in which the supplemental cooling system is primarily responsible for cooling a portion of said mobile platform other than said cabin area;
using the supplemental cooling system to cool said portion of said second quantity of air to create a third quantity of air; and
circulating said third quantity of air back into said cabin area to mix with said second quantity of air and to assist in cooling said cabin area.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
What is claimed is:
1. A method for representation and rendering of a three-dimensional object, comprising the steps of:
transforming original data of a three-dimensional object into an intermediate representation;
transforming data of the intermediate representation into a rendering representation in the form of a circumscribing cube, where a layered depth image is attributed to each face of the circumscribing cube; and
rendering the obtained representation by determining visible faces of the circumscribing cube with account of the viewer’s position, transforming the layered depth image for each of the visible faces into a texture, and visualizing the visible faces with texture.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein said transforming of original data of three-dimensional object into an intermediate representation comprises:
placing a three-dimensional model inside the circumscribing cube;
orthographically projecting the model onto all the faces of the circumscribing cube so that to obtain, for each face, a model image with a predetermined pixel resolution;
computing, for every pixel in the obtained images, a corresponding depth value which is a distance from a point at the model surface to a corresponding face of the circumscribing cube, so that to obtain a gray-scale image for each face, every point of the gray-scale image having brightness corresponding to depth at this point; storing data of the obtained 12 images as 6 pairs of maps, each of the map pairs consisting of a color image and gray-scale image corresponding to the face of the circumscribing cube; and
constructing from the obtained 6 map pairs a layered depth image for each face of the circumscribing cube.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein said transforming of original data of a three-dimensional object into an intermediate representation comprises generating a layered depth image and forming from the layered depth image corresponding multilayer depth images for each face of the circumscribing cube.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein said forming of layered depth images for every face of the circumscribing cube comprises discarding points of the intermediate image, if an angle between normal at the point and normal to the cube face is smaller than a predetermined value.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein said step of transforming of the layered depth image for each visible face into a texture comprises:
determining texture size depending on the viewer’s position relative to the face;
dividing the face into quadrants by coordinate axes having the origin coinciding with a point which is the orthogonal projection of the viewpoint onto the face plane;
determining, for each quadrant, a direction of traversal of the layered depth image by lines in the direction to said origin of coordinates and by depth from points farthermost from the face plane to closer points, and checking in the process of traversal of the image for each point of the image whether the point falls within the resulting texture, if the result is negative, ignoring the corresponding point and passing to the next image point, and if the result is affirmative, functionally transforming the coordinates and depth of the image point into coordinates of the point of the resulting texture; and
forming a splat at the texture point with the obtained coordinates.
6. The method according to claim 2, wherein said step of transforming of the layered depth image for each visible face into a texture comprises:
determining texture size depending on the viewer’s position relative to the face;
dividing the face into quadrants by coordinate axes having the origin coinciding with a point which is the orthogonal projection of the viewpoint onto the face plane;
determining, for each quadrant, a direction of traversal of the layered depth image by lines in the direction to said origin of coordinates and by depth from points farthermost from the face plane to closer points, and checking in the process of traversal of the image for each point of the image whether the point falls within the resulting texture, if the result is negative, ignoring the corresponding point and passing to the next image point, and if the result is affirmative, functionally transforming the coordinates and depth of the image point into coordinates of the point of the resulting texture; and
forming a splat at the texture point with the obtained coordinates.
7. The method according to claim 3, wherein said step of transforming of the layered depth image for each visible face into a texture comprises:
determining texture size depending on the viewer’s position relative to the face;
dividing the face into quadrants by coordinate axes having the origin coinciding with a point which is the orthogonal projection of the viewpoint onto the face plane;
determining, for each quadrant, a direction of traversal of the layered depth image by lines in the direction to said origin of coordinates and by depth from points farthermost from the face plane to closer points, and checking in the process of traversal of the image for each point of the image whether the point falls within the resulting texture, if the result is negative, ignoring the corresponding point and passing to the next image point, and if the result is affirmative, functionally transforming the coordinates and depth of the image point into coordinates of the point of the resulting texture; and
forming a splat at the texture point with the obtained coordinates.
8. The method according to claim 4, wherein said step of transforming of the layered depth image for each visible face into a texture comprises:
determining texture size depending on the viewer’s position relative to the face;
dividing the face into quadrants by coordinate axes having the origin coinciding with a point which is the orthogonal projection of the viewpoint onto the face plane;
determining, for each quadrant, a direction of traversal of the layered depth image by lines in the direction to said origin of coordinates and by depth from points farthermost from the face plane to closer points, and checking in the process of traversal of the image for each point of the image whether the point falls within the resulting texture, if the result is negative, ignoring the corresponding point and passing to the next image point, and if the result is affirmative, functionally transforming the coordinates and depth of the image point into coordinates of the point of the resulting texture; and
forming a splat at the texture point with the obtained coordinates.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein said intermediate representation data is used to store information of the three-dimensional object model.
10. The method according to claim 2, wherein said intermediate representation data is used to store information of the three-dimensional object model.
11. The method according to claim 3, wherein said intermediate representation data is used to store information of the three-dimensional object model.
12. The method according to claim 4, wherein said intermediate representation data is used to store information of the three-dimensional object model.
13. The method according to claim 5, wherein said intermediate representation data is used to store information of the three-dimensional object model.
14. A method for representation and rendering of an animated three-dimensional object, comprising the steps of:
transforming original data of a three-dimensional object into an intermediate representation; transforming data for frames of the intermediate representation into a rendering representation in the form of a circumscribing cube, where a layered depth image is attributed to each face of the circumscribing cube; and
rendering the sequence of the obtained representation by determining, for each frame, visible faces of the circumscribing cube with account of the viewer’s position, transforming, for each of the visible faces, the layered depth image into a texture, and visualizing the visible faces with texture.
15. The method according to claim 14, wherein said transforming of original data of a three-dimensional object into an intermediate representation comprises:
placing a three-dimensional model inside the circumscribing cube; for each frame of animation, orthographically projecting the model onto all the faces of the circumscribing cube so that to obtain for each face a model image with a predetermined pixel resolution;
for each pixel in the obtained images, computing a corresponding depth value, which is a distance from a point at the model surface to a corresponding face of the circumscribing cube, so that to obtain for each face a gray-scale image, each point of the gray-scale image having brightness corresponding to depth at this point; storing data of the obtained 12 images as 6 pairs of maps, each of the map pairs consisting of a color image and gray-scale image corresponding to the face of the circumscribing cube; and
constructing from the obtained 6 map pairs a layered depth image for each face of the circumscribing cube.
16. The method according to claim 15, wherein the obtained intermediate representations in the form of six video streams are compressed using MPEG4 compression format, while storing color information in color channels, and depth maps in alpha channel.