What we claim is:
1. A method for inhibiting corrosion in environments in contact with alkanolamine, hot carbonate solutions, diglyme, or solvents and acid gases such as CO2, H2S, and mixtures thereof, said method comprising:
injecting into said environment an aqueous amine resin solution.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the aqueous amine resin solution is the product of reacting a sterically hindered amine with a compound selected from the group consisting of aldehydes, aldehyde donors, the reaction products of lower alkanolamines and lower aldehydes, or mixtures thereof.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the amine resin is the product of reacting a sterically hindered amine and an aldehyde compound in about a 1:1 molar ratio.
4. The method of claim 2 wherein the solution is the product of adding a sufficient amount of amine to produce a product having a pH ranging from about 10.5 to about 12.
5. The method of claim 2 wherein the sterically hindered amine is selected from the group consisting of diamines, triamines, amino alcohols, and mixtures thereof.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the aqueous amine resin solution is injected in an amount to obtain about 25 ppm to about 5000 ppm of resin solution in a batch mode of injection, or lower in a continuous mode of injection.
7. A non-toxic composition for inhibiting corrosion in environments in contact with alkanolamine, hot carbonate solution, diglyme, or other solvents gas treating systems, said composition comprising:
the reaction product made from reacting a sterically hindered amine selected from the group consisting of diamines, triamines, amino alcohols, and mixtures thereof, with an aldehyde, an aldehyde donor, a reaction product of lower alkanolamines and lower aldehydes, or mixtures thereof.
8. The composition of claim 7 wherein the amine and aldehyde components are present in about a 1:1 molar ratio.
9. The composition of claim 7 wherein a sufficient amount of amine is added to produce a reaction product having a pH ranging from about 10.5 to about 12.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for performing joint source channel decoding, comprising:
receiving a first plurality of soft bits representative of a first parameter included in a frame, each soft bit of the first plurality of soft bits specifying a probability that a corresponding bit of the first parameter is a zero or a one;
generating a second plurality of soft bits representative of the first parameter based on the first plurality of soft bits and at least one conditional probability based at least on a correlation of the first parameter and one or more other parameters included in the first frame andor one or more parameters included in other frames, each soft bit of the second plurality of soft bits specifying a probability that a corresponding bit of the first parameter is a zero or a one; and
providing the second plurality of soft bits to a first channel decoder.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving the first plurality of soft bits comprises receiving the first plurality of soft bits from a second channel decoder.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first parameter comprises a speech parameter.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the speech parameter comprises at least one of pitch, pitch gain, fixed codebook gain, or linear spectral pairs.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the first parameter comprises a packet field parameter.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the packet field parameter comprises at least a portion of one of a media access control (MAC) header, a radio link control (RLC) header, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) header, a robust header compression (RoHC) header, a real-time protocol (RTP) header, or transport block padding.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the first parameter comprises one of a predefined set of vectors and wherein generating the second plurality of soft bits comprises:
for each bit in the first parameter:
determining a probability associated with each vector in the set of vectors by:
applying a probability density function (PDF) to determine a first probability that the first parameter is equal to the vector given the value of the one or more other parameters included in the first frame andor the one or more parameters included in the other frames;
multiplying the first probability by a second probability that the first parameter is equal to the vector given the value of the soft bits associated with the other bits in the first parameter; and
normalizing the product of the multiplying step; and
summing the probabilities associated with each vector in the set of vectors for which the bit in the vector is the same value as the bit in the first parameter.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the PDF is a conditional PDF.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one conditional probability is further based on one or more conditions of a network over which the frame is received.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the first channel decoder comprises a turbo decoder.
11. A system, comprising:
a first channel decoder; and
a packet redundancy analyzer configured to:
receive a first plurality of soft bits representative of a first parameter included in a frame, each soft bit of the first plurality of soft bits specifying a probability that a corresponding bit of the first parameter is a zero or a one,
generate a second plurality of soft bits representative of the first parameter based on the first plurality of soft bits and at least one conditional probability based at least on a correlation of the first parameter and one or more other parameters included in the first frame andor one or more parameters included in other frames, each soft bit of the second plurality of soft bits specifying a probability that a corresponding bit of the first parameter is a zero or a one, and
provide the second plurality of soft bits to the first channel decoder.
12. The system of claim 11, further comprising a second channel decoder, wherein the first plurality of soft bits are received from the second channel decoder.
13. The system of claim 11, wherein the packet redundancy analyzer further comprises at least one of:
a speech block configured to generate the second plurality of soft bits, wherein the first parameter comprises a speech parameter, or
a packet field block configured to generate the second plurality of soft bits, wherein the first parameter comprises a packet field parameter.
14. The system of claim 13, wherein the speech parameter comprises at least one of pitch, pitch gain, fixed codebook gain, or linear spectral pairs, and
wherein the packet field parameter comprises at least a portion of one of a media access control (MAC) header, a radio link control (RLC) header, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) header, a robust header compression (RoHC) header, a real-time protocol (RTP) header, or transport block padding.
15. The system of claim 11, wherein the first parameter comprises one of a predefined set of vectors, and
wherein the packet redundancy analyzer is configured to generate the second plurality of soft bits by:
for each bit in the first parameter:
determining a probability associated with each vector in the set of vectors by:
applying a probability density function (PDF) to determine a first probability that the first parameter is equal to the vector given the value of the one or more other parameters included in the first frame andor the one or more parameters included in the other frames;
multiplying the first probability by a second probability that the first parameter is equal to the vector given the value of the soft bits associated with the other bits in the first parameter; and
normalizing the product of the multiplying step; and
summing the probabilities associated with each vector in the set of vectors for which the bit in the vector is the same value as the bit in the first parameter.
16. The system of claim 15, wherein the PDF is a conditional PDF.
17. The system of claim 15, further comprising a memory configured to store the PDF.
18. The system of claim 11, wherein the at least one conditional probability is further based on one or more conditions of a network over which the frame is received.
19. The system of claim 11, wherein the first channel decoder comprises a turbo decoder.
20. A method for performing joint source channel decoding, comprising:
monitoring first data bits received over a channel;
generating one or more received statistics based on the monitored first data bits;
generating a conditional probability based exclusively on the one or more received statistics; and
utilizing the conditional probability to perform channel decoding of second data bits received over the channel.