1. A multi-domain liquid crystal display, comprising:
a first and a second substrates;
a liquid crystal layer having negative dielectric anisotropy interposed between the first and the second substrates;
a first common electrode formed on an entire surface of the first substrate;
a plurality of first and second signals lines provided on the second substrate, wherein two adjacent first signal lines are intersected with two adjacent second signal lines to define a pixel region;
a plurality of switching devices each provided in the vicinity of each intersection of the first and second signal lines;
a first dielectric layer formed on the second substrate and covering the first signal lines;
a second dielectric layer formed on the first dielectric layer and covering the second signal lines;
a plurality of pixel electrodes formed on the second dielectric layer; and
a plurality of second common electrodes formed on the second substrate, wherein a voltage difference exists between each second common electrode and each pixel electrode to produce fringe fields.
2. The multi-domain liquid crystal display as claimed in claim 1, wherein each second common electrode includes multiple sections that define at least one enclosed region, with each enclosed region overlapping with the pixel electrode to regulate the orientation of liquid crystal molecules.
3. The multi-domain liquid crystal display as claimed in claim 2, wherein the multiple sections are substantially strip-shaped and parallel to the signal lines to define multiple enclosed regions that are arranged in a single column or in two columns.
4. The multi-domain liquid crystal display as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first dielectric layer is a gate insulation layer, and the second dielectric layer is a passivation layer.
5. The multi-domain liquid crystal display as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second common electrodes are made of transparent conductive materials or metallic conductive materials.
6. The multi-domain liquid crystal display as claimed in claim 1, wherein the switching device is a thin film transistor.
7. The multi-domain liquid crystal display as claimed in claim 6, wherein the second common electrodes and the gate of the thin film transistor are formed from a Metal 1 layer.
8. The multi-domain liquid crystal display as claimed in claim 7, wherein different second common electrodes respectively in two adjacent pixel regions are connected with each other through a Metal 2 layer.
9. The multi-domain liquid crystal display as claimed in claim 6, wherein the second common electrodes and the drain and the source of the thin film transistor are formed from a Metal 2 layer.
10. The multi-domain liquid crystal display as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second common electrodes are formed from the same layer as the first signal lines or the second signal lines.
11. The multi-domain liquid crystal display as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a third dielectric layer formed overlying the pixel electrodes, wherein the second common electrodes are formed on the third dielectric layer.
12. The multi-domain liquid crystal display as claimed in claim 11, further comprising a flattened dielectric layer interposed between the second dielectric layer and the pixel electrodes.
13. The multi-domain liquid crystal display as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
a third dielectric layer formed overlying the pixel electrodes; and
a reflective layer formed on the third dielectric layer and surrounded by the second common electrodes.
14. The multi-domain liquid crystal display as claimed in claim 1, wherein the overlapped portions between the second common electrodes and the pixel electrodes form a storage capacitor.
15. The multi-domain liquid crystal display as claimed in claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal layer comprises an additive of chiral dopant.
16. The multi-domain liquid crystal display as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
a first polarizer positioned next to the first substrate and opposite to the liquid crystal layer;
a second polarizer positioned next to the second substrate and opposite to the liquid crystal layer;
a first quarter wavelength plate provided between the first polarizer and the first substrate; and
a second quarter wavelength plate provided between the second polarizer and the second substrate.
17. A multi-domain liquid crystal display, comprising:
a first and a second substrates;
a liquid crystal layer having negative dielectric anisotropy interposed between the first and the second substrates;
a common electrode formed on an entire surface of the first substrate;
a Metal 1 layer formed on the second substrate and patterned to define first signal lines and the gate of a thin film transistor;
a first dielectric layer formed overlying the Metal 1 layer;
a Metal 2 layer formed on the first dielectric layer and patterned to define second signal lines and the drain and the source of the thin film transistor;
a second dielectric layer formed overlying the Metal 2 layer;
a plurality of pixel electrodes formed on the second dielectric layer;
a third dielectric layer formed overlying the pixel electrodes; and
a Metal 3 layer formed on the third dielectric layer, wherein the Metal 3 layer is patterned to define a first and a, second parts apart from each other, the first part is connected to the common electrode to produce fringe fields, and the second part is surrounded by the first part and formed as a reflective layer.
18. The multi-domain liquid crystal display as claimed in claim 17, wherein the first part of the Metal 3 layer includes multiple sections that define at least one enclosed region, with each enclosed region overlapping with the pixel electrode to regulate the orientation of liquid crystal molecules.
19. The multi-domain liquid crystal display as claimed in claim 18, wherein the multiple sections are substantially strip-shaped and parallel to the first signal lines and the second signal lines to define multiple enclosed regions that are arranged in a single column or in two columns.
20. A multi-domain liquid crystal display, comprising:
a first and a second substrates;
a liquid crystal layer having negative dielectric anisotropy interposed between the first and the second substrates;
a first common electrode formed on an entire surface of the first substrate;
a plurality of first and second signals lines provided on the second substrate, wherein two adjacent first signal lines are intersected with two adjacent second signal lines to define a pixel region;
a plurality of switching devices each provided in the vicinity of each intersection of the first and second signal lines;
a first dielectric layer formed on the second substrate and covering the first signal lines;
a second dielectric layer formed on the first dielectric layer and covering the second signal lines;
a plurality of pixel electrodes formed on the second dielectric layer; and
a plurality of pixel electrodes formed on the second dielectric layer; and
a plurality of second common electrodes formed on the second substrate, wherein each second common electrode is divided into a first part and a second part, the first part includes multiple sections to produce fringe fields, and the second part is surrounded by the multiple sections of the first part and formed as a reflective layer.
21. The multi-domain liquid crystal display as claimed in claim 20, wherein the second common electrodes are formed from a Metal 1 layer or a Metal 2 layer.
22. The multi-domain liquid crystal display as claimed in claim 20, wherein the multiple sections of the first part define at least one enclosed region, with each enclosed region overlapping with the pixel electrode to regulate the orientation of liquid crystal molecules.
23. The multi-domain liquid crystal display as claimed in claim 22, wherein the multiple sections are substantially strip-shaped and parallel to the first and second signal lines to define multiple enclosed regions that are arranged in a single column or in two columns.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A rotating electrical machine drive system for driving at least one three-phase rotating electrical machine of a plurality of drive sources included in a rotary shaft drive system for applying separate drive forces to one rotary shaft acting on a target object or for applying the drive forces to a plurality of rotary shafts acting on the same target object in an overlapping manner, the rotating electrical machine drive system comprising:
a specific rotating electrical machine which is one of the at least one three-phase rotating electrical machine;
a rotation speed calculator configured to calculate a rotation speed of the specific rotating electrical machine;
a control current sensor configured to detect a current of at least one phase of the specific rotating electrical machine, the detected current being used for control of the specific rotating electrical machine; and
a control apparatus configured to control the drive forces by controlling energization of the at least one three-phase rotating electrical machine, wherein
the at least one phase of the specific rotating electrical machine, the current of which is detected by the control current sensor and capable of being used for the control of the specific rotating electrical machine, is defined as an effective sensor-phase of the specific rotating electrical machine,
when the number of the effective sensor-phases is one, the control apparatus drives the specific rotating electrical machine in a one-phase control mode based on the current of the effective sensor-phase under a condition where the specific rotating electrical machine rotates in a forward direction and the rotation speed is greater than a predetermined positive threshold value or under a condition where the specific rotating electrical machine rotates in a reverse direction and the rotation speed is smaller than a predetermined negative threshold value, and
when the number of the effective sensor-phases is one, the control apparatus drives the specific rotating electrical machine by using the drive force of at least one of the plurality of drive sources other than the specific rotating electrical machine under a condition where the specific rotating electrical machine rotates in the forward direction and the rotation speed is not greater than the positive threshold value or under a condition where the specific rotating electrical machine rotates in the reverse direction and the rotation speed is not smaller than the negative threshold value.
2. The rotating electrical machine drive system according to claim 1, wherein
when the control current sensor is normal, the number of the effective sensor phases is two or more;
the control apparatus includes an abnormality determinator configured to determine whether the control current sensor is normal or abnormal, the abnormality determinator configured to determine what the number of the effective sensor phases is when the control current sensor is abnormal,
when the number of the effective sensor-phases is two or more, the control apparatus drives the specific rotating electrical machine in a two-phase control mode based on the currents of the effective sensor-phases regardless of the rotation speed of the specific rotating electrical machine, and
when the control current sensor becomes normal, so that the number of the effective sensor-phases is reduced to one under the condition where the specific rotating electrical machine rotates in the forward direction and the rotation speed is greater than the positive threshold value or under the condition where the specific rotating electrical machine rotates in the reverse direction and the rotation speed is smaller than the negative threshold value, the control apparatus switches a drive mode of the specific rotating electrical machine from the two-phase control mode to the one-phase control mode.
3. The rotating electrical machine drive system according to claim 1, further comprising:
a first rotating electrical machine configured to generate electric power by the drive force of an engine, the first rotating electrical machine and the engine being included in the plurality of drive sources;
a power storage device configured to store the power generated by the first rotating electrical machine, the power storage device having a predetermined charge limit value; and
a second rotating electrical machine which is the specific rotating electrical machine and driven with a direct-current power supplied form the power storage device, wherein
a rotary shaft of the second rotating electrical machine is connected to a rotary shaft of the first rotating electrical machine through a force transmission mechanism.
4. The rotating electrical machine drive system according to claim 2, further comprising:
a first rotating electrical machine configured to generate electric power by the drive force of an engine, the first rotating electrical machine and the engine being included in the plurality of drive sources;
a power storage device configured to store the power generated by the first rotating electrical machine, the power storage device having a predetermined charge limit value; and
a second rotating electrical machine which is the specific rotating electrical machine and driven with a direct-current power supplied form the power storage device, wherein
a rotary shaft of the second rotating electrical machine is connected to a rotary shaft of the first rotating electrical machine through a force transmission mechanism.
5. The rotating electrical machine drive system according to claim 3, wherein
when the number of the effective sensor-phases of the second rotating electrical machine is one, and the power stored in the power storage device is not greater than the charge limit value, the control apparatus drives the second rotating electrical machine by using the drive forces of the engine and the first rotating electrical machine under the condition where the second rotating electrical machine rotates in the forward direction and the rotation speed is not greater than the positive threshold value or under the condition where the second rotating electrical machine rotates in the reverse direction and the rotation speed is not smaller than the negative threshold value.
6. The rotating electrical machine drive system according to claim 4, wherein
when the number of the effective sensor-phases of the second rotating electrical machine is one, and the power stored in the power storage device is not greater than the charge limit value, the control apparatus drives the second rotating electrical machine by using the drive forces of the engine and the first rotating electrical machine under the condition where the second rotating electrical machine rotates in the forward direction and the rotation speed is not greater than the positive threshold value or under the condition where the second rotating electrical machine rotates in the reverse direction and the rotation speed is not smaller than the negative threshold value.
7. The rotating electrical machine drive system according to claim 5, wherein
when the power stored in the power storage device is greater than the charge limit value, the control apparatus causes the second rotating electrical machine to be self-driven to consume the power stored in the power storage device while driving the second rotating electrical machine by using the drive forces of the engine and the first rotating electrical machine in such a manner that the power stored in the power storage device is not greater than the charge limit value.
8. The rotating electrical machine drive system according to claim 6, wherein
when the power stored in the power storage device is greater than the charge limit value, the control apparatus causes the second rotating electrical machine to be self-driven to consume the power stored in the power storage device while driving the second rotating electrical machine by using the drive forces of the engine and the first rotating electrical machine in such a manner that the power stored in the power storage device is not greater than the charge limit value.
9. The rotating electrical machine drive system according to claim 1, further comprising:
a first rotating electrical machine which is the specific rotating electrical machine and configured to generate electric power by the drive force of an engine; and
a second rotating electrical machine included in the plurality of drive sources, wherein
a rotary shaft of the second rotating electrical machine is connected to a rotary shaft of the first rotating electrical machine through a force transmission mechanism, and
when the number of the effective sensor-phases of the first rotating electrical machine is one, the control apparatus drives the first rotating electrical machine by using the drive force of the second rotating electrical machine under the condition where the second rotating electrical machine rotates in the forward direction and the rotation speed is not greater than the positive threshold value or under the condition where the second rotating electrical machine rotates in the reverse direction and the rotation speed is not smaller than the negative threshold value.
10. The rotating electrical machine drive system according to claim 2, further comprising:
a first rotating electrical machine which is the specific rotating electrical machine and configured to generate electric power by the drive force of an engine; and
a second rotating electrical machine included in the plurality of drive sources, wherein
a rotary shaft of the second rotating electrical machine is connected to a rotary shaft of the first rotating electrical machine through a force transmission mechanism, and
when the number of the effective sensor-phases of the first rotating electrical machine is one, the control apparatus drives the first rotating electrical machine by using the drive force of the second rotating electrical machine under the condition where the second rotating electrical machine rotates in the forward direction and the rotation speed is not greater than the positive threshold value or under the condition where the second rotating electrical machine rotates in the reverse direction and the rotation speed is not smaller than the negative threshold value.