1. A golf swing training aid comprising:
a first member with a securing means configured for mounting in a perpendicular relation on a golf club without creating appreciable air resistance;
the first member is secured to a golf club in a planar relationship with the face of the golf club in combination with;
a second member with a base configured for allowing the second member to exist in a angled relationship with the ground and placed to the front left of a right handed golfer wherein,
a user swings the golf club in a manner to strike a golf ball and supinate the first member around the second member.
2. The golf swing training aid according to claim 1 wherein the first member is an elongated member that extends between two and twelve inches from the golf club.
3. The golf swing training aid according to claim 1 wherein the first member is an elongated rectangular member that extends between six and twelve inches from the golf club.
4. The golf swing training aid according to claim 1 wherein the first member is a planar member that extends from the golf club between six inches and twelve inches.
5. The golf swing training aid according to claim 1 wherein the second member is placed 24 inches forward of the ball and six inches from the ball to the second member.
6. The golf swing training aid according to claim 1 wherein the first member is removably securable onto the golf club.
7. The golf swing training aid according to claim 1 wherein the first member is repositionable on the golf club.
8. The golf swing training aid according to claim 1 wherein the first member further includes a supporting arm that extends in an angular relationship between the first member and the golf club.
9. The golf swing training aid according to claim 1 wherein the second member includes an elongated spike located at the bottom of the second member for mounting the second member in the ground.
10. The golf swing training aid according to claim 1 wherein second member includes a flattened base for located at the bottom of the second member for resting the second member in the ground.
11. The golf swing training aid according to claim 1 wherein the vertical height and the angle to the ground of the second member is adjustable to approximate the angle of the club when the ball is being addressed.
12. The golf swing training aid according to claim 1 wherein the first member exists on the club shaft on the opposite side of the club face.
13. A golf swing training aid comprising:
a first member with a securing means configured for mounting in a perpendicular relation on a golf club;
the first member is secured to a golf club in a planar relationship with the face of the golf club where the first member exists on the opposite side of the golf club shaft from the golf club face without creating appreciable air resistance;
a second fixed member that exists where a golfer is practicing wherein,
a user swings the golf club in a manner to simulate striking a golf ball and supinate the first member around the second fixed member.
14. The golf swing training aid according to claim 13 wherein the first member is an elongated member that extends between six and twelve inches from the golf club.
15. The golf swing training aid according to claim 13 wherein the first member is an elongated rectangular member that extends between six and twelve inches from the golf club.
16. The golf swing training aid according to claim 13 wherein the first member is a planar member that extends from the golf club between six inches and twelve inches.
17. The golf swing training aid according to claim 13 wherein the first member is repositionable on the golf club.
18. The golf swing training aid according to claim 13 wherein the first member further includes a supporting arm that extends in an angular relationship between the first member and the golf club.
19. The golf swing training aid according to claim 13 wherein the second member is selected from a group consisting of a deck, a post, a golf bag, or an old golf shaft.
20. The golf swing training aid according to claim 13 wherein the first member exists on the club shaft on the opposite side of the club face.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method of estimating frequency offset at a subscriber station, comprising:
the subscriber station receiving a signal;
the subscriber station selecting a first pair of multi-carrier symbols of the signal, each multi-carrier symbol of the first pair of multi-carrier symbols comprising at least a pilot sub-carrier;
the subscriber station selecting a second pair of multi-carrier symbols of the composite signal, the second pair having at least one different symbol index than the first pair,
estimating at least one phase based on a complex conjugate product between channel estimates of at least one of the first pair multi-carrier symbols and the second pair of multi-carrier symbols, wherein each of the multi-carrier symbols of the second pair of multi-carrier symbols comprising at least a pilot sub-carrier;
the subscriber station providing the at least one phase to a filter of a frequency tracking loop.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the channel estimates are frequency domain channel estimates, and the frequency domain channel estimates on pilot sub-carriers are obtained by removing transmit pilot symbols of a serving base station from received symbols on the pilot sub-carriers; and
the subscriber station estimating at least one phase based on a first sum of complex conjugate products between frequency domain channel estimates on the pilot sub-carriers of the first pair of multi-carrier symbols, and based on a second sum of complex conjugate products between frequency domain channel estimates on the pilot sub-carriers of the second pair of multi-carrier symbols.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the channel estimates are time domain channel estimates, and the subscriber station estimating at least one phase based on a first sum of complex conjugate products between taps of time domain channel estimates of the first pair of multi-carrier symbols, and based on a second sum of complex conjugate products between taps of time domain channel estimates of the second pair of multi-carrier symbols.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the signal comprises a composite signal, the composite signal comprising multi-carrier signals transmitted from a plurality of base stations.
5. The method of claim 1, comprising:
estimating a phase of a total sum, wherein the total sum comprises the first sum and the second sum.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first pair of multi-carrier symbols and the second pair of multi-carrier symbols are from a same frame.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the phase is provided to the filter once every frame.
8. The method of claim 5, wherein the first pair of multi-carrier symbols is from a first frame, and the second pair of multi-carrier symbols is from a second frame.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the at least one phase is provided to the filter once every frame of the composite signal.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one phase comprises obtaining a linear combination of complex conjugate products obtained across N frames is provided to the filter once every frame.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein estimating the at least one phase comprises obtaining a linear combination of complex conjugate products obtained across N frames, determining the at least one phase from the linear combination, and providing the phase to the filter once every N frames.
12. The method of claim 1, further comprising the subscriber station obtaining a first phase based on a sum of complex conjugate products between received symbols on corresponding pilot sub-carriers of the multi-carrier symbols of the first pair of multi-carrier symbols; and
the subscriber station providing the first phase to a filter of a frequency tracking loop.
13. The method of claim 1, further comprising the subscriber station obtaining a second phase based on a sum of complex conjugate products between received symbols on corresponding pilot sub-carriers of the multi-carrier symbols of the second pair of multi-carrier symbols;
the subscriber station providing the second phase to the filter of the frequency tracking loop.
14. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
the subscriber station selecting a third pair of multi-carrier symbols of the composite signal, the third pair having different symbol indices than the first pair, each of the multi-carrier symbols of the third pair of multi-carrier symbols comprising at least a pilot sub-carrier having a third common sub-carrier index.
15. The method of claim 1, wherein a symbol index separation of at least one of the first pair of multi-carrier symbols and the second pair of multi-carrier symbols is selected based upon a delay spread.
16. The method of claim 1, wherein a symbol index separation of at least one of the first pair of multi-carrier symbols and the second pair of multi-carrier symbols is selected based upon a maximal frequency offset.
17. The method of claim 10, wherein a separation in time between multi-carrier symbols of at least one of the first pair of multi-carrier symbols and the second pair of multi-carrier symbols is inversely proportional to the Doppler spread.
18. The method of claim 1, further comprising the first pair of multi-carrier symbols and the second pair of multi-carrier symbols having a same symbol index separation.
19. The method of claim 1, wherein if a symbol index separation of the first pair of multi-carrier symbols is different than a symbol index separation of the second pair of multi-carrier symbols.
20. A method of estimating frequency offset at a subscriber station, comprising:
the subscriber station receiving a composite signal, the composite signal comprising multi-carrier signals transmitted from a plurality of base stations;
the subscriber station selecting a first pair of multi-carrier symbols of the composite signal, each multi-carrier symbol of the first pair of multi-carrier symbols comprising at least a pilot sub-carrier having a common sub-carrier index;
the subscriber station selecting a second pair of multi-carrier symbols of the composite signal, the second pair having at least one different symbol index than the first pair, each of the multi-carrier symbols of the second pair of multi-carrier symbols comprising at least a pilot sub-carrier having a second common sub-carrier index;
the subscriber station estimating at least one phase based on a first sum of complex conjugate products between received symbols on the pilot sub-carriers of the first pair of multi-carrier symbols, and based on a second sum of complex conjugate products between received symbols on the pilot sub-carriers of the second pair of multi-carrier symbols;
the subscriber station providing the phase to a filter of a frequency tracking loop.
21. The method of claim 20, comprising:
estimating a phase of a total sum, wherein the total sum comprises the first sum and the second sum.
22. The method of claim 20, wherein the first pair of multi-carrier symbols and the second pair of multi-carrier symbols are from a same frame.
23. The method of claim 22, wherein the phase is provided to the filter once every frame of the composite signal.
24. The method of claim 21, wherein the first pair of multi-carrier symbols is from a first frame, and the second pair of multi-carrier symbols is from a second frame.
25. The method of claim 24, wherein the at least one phase is provided to the filter once every frame of the composite signal.
26. A method of estimating frequency offset at a subscriber station, comprising:
the subscriber station receiving a signal;
the subscriber station selecting a first pair of multi-carrier symbols of the signal, each multi-carrier symbol of the first pair of multi-carrier symbols comprising at least a pilot sub-carrier having a common sub-carrier index;
the subscriber station selecting a second pair of multi-carrier symbols of the composite signal, the second pair having at least one different sub-carrier index than the first pair, and selected from a different frame;
estimating at least one phase based on a complex conjugate product between channel estimates of at least one of the first pair multi-carrier symbols and the second pair of multi-carrier symbols, wherein each of the multi-carrier symbols of the second pair of multi-carrier symbols comprising at least a pilot sub-carrier having a second common sub-carrier index, and wherein the channel estimates comprise at least one of time domain channel estimates and frequency domain channel estimates;
the subscriber station providing the at least one phase to a filter of a frequency tracking loop.
27. The method of claim 26, further comprising:
the second pair having at least one different symbol index than the first pair.
28. A subscriber station that receives a signal, comprising:
means for selecting a first pair of multi-carrier symbols of the signal, each multi-carrier symbol of the first pair of multi-carrier symbols comprising at least a pilot sub-carrier;
means for selecting a second pair of multi-carrier symbols of the composite signal, the second pair having at least one different symbol index than the fist pair,
means for estimating at least one phase based on a complex conjugate product between channel estimates of at least one of the first pair multi-carrier symbols and the second pair of multi-carrier symbols, wherein each of the multi-carrier symbols of the second pair of multi-carrier symbols comprising at least a pilot sub-carrier;
means for providing the at least one phase to a filter of a frequency tracking loop.