1. A tri(alkylcarboxylato) gallium (III) product formed by the reaction of at least one alkyl carboxylate compound of structure
R\u2014CO2XM
wherein R is a linear or branched alkyl group having from 2 to about 26 carbon atoms and M is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and the alkali metals when X is 1, and the alkaline earth metals when X is 2; with a gallium salt.
2. The tri(alkylcarboxylato) gallium (III) product of claim 1 wherein the gallium salt is selected from the group consisting of gallium acetate, gallium nitrate, and the gallium halides.
3. The tri(alkylcarboxylato) gallium (III) product of claim 2 wherein, when M is hydrogen, the reaction is carried out in the presence of an inorganic base.
4. The tri(alkylcarboxylato) gallium III product of claim 3 wherein the inorganic base is an alkali metal carbonate or bicarbonate, an alkaline earth metal carbonate or bicarbonate, or an alkali metal hydroxide.
5. The tri(alkylcarboxylato) gallium (III) product of claim 1 wherein R has from 3 to about 17 carbon atoms.
6. The tri(alkylcarboxylato) gallium (III) product of claim 5 wherein R is a linear or branched alkyl group having 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 15, or 17 carbon atoms.
7. The tri(alkycarboxalato) gallium (III) product of claim 6 wherein R has 15 carbon atoms.
8. The product of claim 1 wherein the reaction is carried out in the presence of a solvent that comprises an <<alkyl alcohol>> selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, iso-propanol, 2-butanol, t-butanol, and iso-butanol.
9. The tri(alkycarboxalato) gallium (III) product of claim 8 wherein the solvent further comprises water.
10. The tri(alkylcarboxylato) gallium (III) product of claim 9 wherein the reaction is carried out in refluxing solvent comprising an alkyl alcohol and water at pH equal to or greater that about 8.
11. A tri(alkylcarboxylato) gallium (III) product of formula
RCO2R\u2032CO2R\u2033CO2Ga,
wherein R, R\u2032, and R\u2033 are each, independently, a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to about 26 carbon atoms, with the proviso that at least one of R, R\u2032, and R\u2033 is other than methyl.
12. The tri(alkylcarboxylato) gallium (III) product of claim 11 wherein R, R\u2032, and R\u2033 each have, independently, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 15, or 17 carbon atoms.
13. A tri(alkylcarboxylato) gallium (III) product of formula
RCO23Ga
wherein R is a linear or branched alkyl group having from 2 to about 26 carbon atoms.
14. The tri(alkylcarboxylato) gallium (III) product of claim 13 wherein R has 2, 5, 7, 11, 15, or 17 carbon atoms.
15. Tripalmitato gallium (III).
16. A method of making a tri(alkylcarboxylato) gallium (III) product comprising the step of reacting at least one alkyl carboxylate compound of structure
R\u2014CO2XM
wherein R is a linear or branched alkyl group having from 2 to about 26 carbon atoms and M is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and the alkali metals when X is 1, and the alkaline earth metals when X is 2; with a gallium salt.
17. The method of claim 16 wherein the gallium salt is selected from the group consisting of gallium acetate, gallium nitrate, and the gallium halides.
18. The method of claim 16 wherein the alkyl carboxylate compound is initially in solution.
19. The method of claim 16 wherein the reacting is carried-out in the presence of a solvent that comprises an alkyl alcohol, wherein the alkyl alcohol is selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, iso-propanol, 2-butanol, t-butanol, and iso-butanol.
20. The method of claim 19 wherein the alkyl alcohol is ethanol.
21. The method of claim 19 wherein the solvent further comprises water.
22. The method of claim 16 wherein the at least one alkyl carboxylate compound comprises a mixture of two or more alkyl carboxylate compounds selected from RCO2XM, R\u2032CO2XM, and R\u2033CO2XM, wherein R, R\u2032, and R\u2033 are, independently, a linear or branched alkyl group having from 2 to about 26 carbon atoms, with the proviso that the mixture includes at least two different alkyl carboxylate compounds.
23. A method of making a tri(alkylcarboxylato) gallium (III) product comprising the steps of:
a) contacting a solution of at least one alkyl carboxylate compound of structure
R\u2014CO2XM
\u2003wherein R is a linear or branched alkyl group having from 2 to about 26 carbon atoms and M is either an alkali metal when X is 1 or an alkaline earth metal when X is 2 in a first solvent comprising an alkyl alcohol, with a gallium salt or with a solution of a gallium salt in a second solvent comprising an alkyl alcohol,
b) evaporating the resulting solution to dryness at reduced pressure, and
c) drying the residue to constant weight to obtain the tri(alkylcarboxylato) gallium (III) product.
24. The method of claim 23 wherein the at least one alkyl carboxylate compound comprises a mixture of two or more alkyl carboxylate compounds selected from RCO2XM, R\u2032CO2XM, and R\u2033CO2XM, wherein R, R\u2032, and R\u2033 are, independently, a linear or branched alkyl group having from 2 to about 26 carbon atoms, with the proviso that the mixture includes at least two different alkyl carboxylate compounds.
25. The method of claim 23 wherein the alkyl alcohol of the first and second solvents is ethanol.
26. The method of claim 23 wherein the first and second solvents further comprise water.
27. The method of claim 23 wherein the alkyl carboxylate compound of step (a) is prepared by reacting at least one alkyl carboxylic acid with an inorganic base in the presence of a solvent that comprises an alkyl alcohol.
28. The method of claim 27 wherein the solvent in the presence of which the alkyl carboxylate compound is prepared further comprises water.
29. The method of claim 28 wherein the solvent in the presence of which the alkyl carboxylate compound is prepared consists essentially of ethanol and water.
30. The method of claim 27 wherein the inorganic base is selected from the group consisting of the alkali metal carbonates and the alkaline earth metal carbonates.
31. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a tri(alkylcarboxylato) gallium (III) product of formula
RCO2R\u2032CO2R\u2033CO2Ga
wherein R, R\u2032, and R\u2033 are each, independently, a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to about 26 carbon atoms, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
32. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 31 wherein R, R\u2032, and R\u2033 each have, independently, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 15, or 17 carbon atoms.
33. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 31 wherein the tri(alkylcarboxylato) gallium (III) compound can be represented by the formula
RCO23Ga
wherein R is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to about 26 carbon atoms, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
34. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a tri(alkylcarboxylato) gallium (III) product formed by the reaction of at least one alkyl carboxylate compound of structure
R\u2014CO2XM
wherein R is a linear or branched alkyl having from 2 to about 26 carbon atoms and M is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and the alkali metals when X is 1, and the alkaline earth metals when X is 2; with a gallium salt, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
35. A method of treating a disease characterized by increased bone resorption in a mammal comprising administering to the mammal suffering from such disease an amount of a tri(alkylcarboxylato) gallium (III) product effective to treat the disease, wherein the tri(alkylcarboxylato) gallium (III) product can be represented by the formula
RCO2R\u2032CO2R\u2033CO3Ga
wherein R, R\u2032, and R\u2033 are each, independently a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to about 26 carbon atoms.
36. The method of claim 35 wherein the tri(alkylcarboxylato) gallium (III) product can be represented by the formula
RCO23Ga
wherein R is a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to about 26 carbon atoms.
37. The method of claim 35 wherein the disease characterized by increased bone resorption is selected from the group consisting of osteoporosis, cancer-associated hypercalcemia, multiple myeloma, hyperparathyroidism, Paget’s disease, and bone metastases.
38. The method of claim 34 wherein the mammal is a human.
39. A method of treating a disease characterized by increased bone resorption, in a mammal suffering from such disease comprising the step of administering to the mammal an amount of a <<tri(alkylcarboxylato) gallium (III) product>> effective to treat such disease, wherein the tri(alkylcarboxylato) gallium (III) compound is formed by the reaction of at least one alkyl carboxylate compound of structure
R\u2014CO2XM
wherein R is a linear or branched alkyl group having from 2 to about 26 carbon atoms and M is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and the alkali metals when X is 1, and the alkaline earth metals when X is 2; with a gallium salt,
wherein the disease is selected from the group consisting of osteoporosis, cancer-associated hypercalcemia, multiple myeloma, hyperparathyroidism, Paget’s disease, and bone metastases.
40. The method of claim 39 wherein the mammal is a human.
41. A method of treating an inflammatory or autoimmune disease in a mammal comprising the step of administering to the mammal an amount of a tri(alkylcarboxylato) gallium (III) compound effective to treat the disease, wherein the tri(alkylcarboxylato) gallium (III) compound can be represented by the formula
RCO2R\u2032CO2R\u2033CO3Ga
wherein R, R\u2032, and R\u2033 are each, independently a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to about 26 carbon atoms.
42. The method of claim 41 wherein the tri(alkylcarboxylato) gallium (III) compound can be represented by the formula
RCO23Ga,
wherein R is a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to about 26 carbon atoms.
43. The method of claim 41 wherein the inflammatory or autoimmune disease is a macrophage-mediated inflammatory or autoimmune disease.
44. The method of claim 43 wherein the inflammatory or autoimmune disease is selected from the group consisting of endotoxic shock, inflammatory pulmonary disease, type I diabetes, and systemic lupus erythematosus.
45. The method of claim 41 wherein the mammal is a human.
46. A method of treating an inflammatory or autoimmune disease in a mammal suffering from such disease comprising the step of administering to the mammal an amount of a tri(alkylcarboxylato) gallium (III) product effective to treat the disease wherein the tri(alkylcarboxylato) gallium (III) product is formed by the reaction of at least one alkyl carboxylate compound of structure
R\u2014CO2XM
wherein R is a linear or branched <<alkyl group>> having from 2 to about 25 carbon atoms and M is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and the alkali metals when X is 1, and the alkaline earth metals when X is 2; with a gallium salt.
47. The method of claim 46 wherein the inflammatory or autoimmune disease is a macrophage mediated autoimmune disease.
48. The method of claim 47 wherein the inflammatory or autoimmune disease is selected from the group consisting of endotoxic shock, inflammatory pulmonary disease, type I diabetes, and systemic lupus erythematosus.
49. The method of claim 46 wherein the mammal is a human.
50. A method of treating a neoplastic disease in a mammal suffering from a neoplastic disease comprising the step of administering to the mammal an amount of a tri(alkylcarboxylato) gallium (III) product effective to treat the disease, wherein the tri(alkylcarboxylato) gallium (III) product can be represented by the formula
RCO2R\u2032CO2R\u2033CO3Ga
wherein R, R\u2032, and R\u2033 are each, independently, a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to about 26 carbon atoms.
51. The method of claim 50, wherein the tri(alkylcarboxylato) gallium (III) product can be represented by the formula
RCO23Ga,
wherein R is a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to about 26 carbon atoms.
52. The method of claim 50 wherein the neoplastic disease is a hematological neoplastic disease.
53. The method of claim 52 wherein the neoplastic disease is non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
54. The method of claim 50 wherein the mammal is a human.
55. A method of treating a neoplastic disease in a mammal suffering from a neoplastic disease comprising the step of administering to the mammal a neoplastic disease-treating effective amount of a tri(alkylcarboxylato) gallium (III) product formed by the reaction of at least one alkyl carboxylate compound of structure
R\u2014CO2XM
wherein R is a linear or branched alkyl group having from 2 to about 25 carbon atoms and M is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and the alkali metals when X is 1, and the alkaline earth metals when X is 2; with a gallium salt.
56. The method of claim 55 wherein the neoplastic disease is a hematological disease.
57. The method of claim 55 wherein the neoplastic disaease non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
58. The method of claim 55 wherein the mammal is a human.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for controlling electronic program information comprising:
receiving coded mobile service data;
demodulating the received mobile service data;
extracting electronic program information from demodulated mobile service data; and
displaying the extracted electronic program information.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein receiving of the coded mobile service data is implemented by selective reception from data multiplexed main service data and mobile service data.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the selective reception includes the steps:
receiving the mobile service data from a burst-on section, on the basis of the mobile service data and the main service data which have been multiplexed in a burst structure including the burst-on section and a burst-off section.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the receiving step of the coded mobile service data includes:
receiving a data group including at least one mobile service data packet.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the data group includes known data in a predetermined data region.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the receiving step of the coded mobile service data includes:
receiving main service data and mobile service data during a burst-on section, and
the mobile service data is additional coded as compared to the main service data.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the demodulating step of the received mobile service data includes:
performs at least one of a carrier recovery and timing recovery on the received mobile service data using known data which has been inserted into valid data and transmitted.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the demodulating step of the received mobile service data includes:
compensating for channel distortion contained in mobile service data using known data which has been inserted into valid data.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the demodulating step of the received mobile service data includes:
decoding the mobile service data in units of a block.
10. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
storing the extracted electronic program information.
11. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
configuring the extracted electronic program information in the form of a display format.
12. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a user control signal; and
controlling a display of the electronic program information by the received user control signal.
13. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a user control signal; and
controlling a processing of a broadcast signal by the received user control signal.
14. An apparatus for receiving electronic program information comprising:
a signal receiving unit for receiving coded mobile service data;
a demodulating unit for demodulating the received mobile service data;
a data decoder for extracting electronic program information from the demodulated mobile service data; and
an application controller for controlling an display of the extracted electronic program information.
15. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the signal receiving unit receives the mobile service data during a burst-on section, on the basis of the mobile service data and the main service data which have been multiplexed in a burst structure including the burst-on section and a burst-off section.
16. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the demodulating unit includes:
a known sequence detector for detecting known data information which has been inserted into valid data and then transmitted.
17. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the demodulating unit includes:
a demodulator which performs at least one of a carrier recovery and timing recovery on the received mobile service data using known data which has been inserted into valid data and then transmitted.
18. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the demodulating unit includes:
a channel equalizer which compensates for channel distortion contained in mobile service data packet using known data which has been inserted into valid data.
19. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the demodulating unit includes:
a block decoder which decodes the mobile service data in units of a block.
20. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the data decoder extracts electronic program information from the received mobile service data packet, and stores the extracted electronic program information to a PSIPSIP database.