1. A method for performing handover of a call involving a mobile station in a cellular telecommunication system, the method comprising:
detecting an indication to initiate a rescue handover of the call from a current cell to a candidate cell;
determining that the call cannot be handed over from the current cell to the candidate cell without exceeding a predetermined call capacity of the candidate cell;
receiving signal quality information associated with a plurality of timeslots in a frequency channel of the candidate cell from a plurality of mobile stations, served by the candidate cell, that are assigned to the plurality of timeslots;
selecting a timeslot from the plurality of timeslots that provides a signal quality meeting a predetermined criterion;
prior to the rescue handover, adjusting a rate-based parameter of the selected timeslot associated with the candidate cell to accommodate the call; and
performing the rescue handover of the call to the candidate cell after adjusting the rate based parameter.
2. The method claimed in claim 1, wherein the determining includes determining the call capacity of the candidate cell, which is defined by the plurality of timeslots per frequency channel, each timeslot for handling one call;
the adjusting comprises dividing the selected timeslot into a plurality of sub-rate timeslots; and
the performing comprises assigning at least one of the plurality of the sub-rate timeslots to handle the call.
3. The method claimed in claim 2, further comprising, employing an adaptive multi-rate (AMR) coder-decoder (codec) for adapting the candidate cell to handle increased call load, and wherein:
the dividing comprises dividing the at least one of the plurality of timeslots into two half-rate (HR) timeslots by employing the AMR codec; and
the performing the rescue handover comprises utilizing one of the two HR timeslots to handle the call.
4. The method claimed in claim 1, wherein the selecting comprises:
comparing signal measurements relating to a first call handled in one of the plurality of timeslots to signal measurements relating to other calls handled in each of the other plurality of timeslots; and
ranking the plurality of timeslots according to a result of the comparing.
5. The method claimed in claim 1, wherein the detecting the indication to initiate the rescue handover comprises detecting the indication of insufficient signal strength at the mobile station in the current cell.
6. The method claimed in claim 1, further comprising comparing signal measurements relating to communication between the mobile station and the candidate cell with signal measurements relating to communication between the mobile station and the current cell, wherein the adjusting comprises adjusting the rate-based parameter of the selected timeslot associated with the candidate cell if the comparison indicates better communication between the mobile station and the candidate cell than between the mobile station and the current cell.
7. The method claimed in claim 1, further comprising determining whether the call has been previously handed over within a predetermined time interval to a cell having had its rate-based parameter adjusted, wherein the adjusting comprises adjusting the rate-based parameter of the candidate cell, if the call has not been previously handed over within the predetermined time interval to the cell having had its rate-based parameter adjusted.
8. A system for improving handover of a call, associated with a mobile station, from a current cell to a candidate cell, in a cellular telecommunication system, comprising:
a base station interface that communicates with a plurality of transceivers, each transceiver defining a corresponding cell; and
a channel control system that determines a current capacity of the candidate cell on detecting an indication to initiate a rescue handover of the call to the candidate cell, the channel control system receives signal quality data associated with a plurality of timeslots in a frequency channel of the candidate cell from a plurality of mobile stations, served by the candidate cell, that are assigned to the plurality of timeslots, and selects a timeslot from the plurality of timeslots that provides a signal quality meeting a predetermined criterion, the channel control system adjusts a rate-based parameter of the selected timeslot associated with the candidate cell before the rescue handover is established, if the call cannot be handed over to the candidate cell without exceeding a predetermined call capacity of the candidate cell.
9. The system claimed in claim 8, wherein the channel control system detects the indication to initiate the rescue handover due to insufficient signal strength in the current cell.
10. The system claimed in claim 8, wherein the predetermined call capacity of the candidate cell is defined by a predetermined number of timeslots per frequency channel, each timeslot for handling one call.
11. The system claimed in claim 10, further comprising, an adaptive multi-rate (AMR) coder-decoder (codec) that adapts the selected timeslot associated with the candidate cell to handle increased call load in order to accommodate the call.
12. The system claimed in claim 11, further comprising a traffic management controller that instructs the AMR codec to divide the selected timeslot into a plurality of sub-rate timeslots.
13. The system claimed in claim 12, wherein the AMR codec divides the selected timeslot into two half-rate (HR) timeslots.
14. The system claimed in claim 8, wherein the channel control system compares signal measurements relating to communication between the mobile station and the candidate cell with signal measurements relating to communication between the mobile station and the current cell, and wherein the channel control system increases the call capacity of the candidate cell to accommodate the call in the candidate cell if the comparison indicates better communication between the mobile station and the candidate cell than between the mobile station and the current cell.
15. The system claimed in claim 8, wherein the channel control system determines whether the call has been previously handed over within a predetermined time interval to a disparate cell having had its rate-based parameter adjusted, and wherein the channel control system increases the call capacity of the candidate cell to accommodate the call in the candidate cell if the call has not been previously handed over within the predetermined time interval to the cell having had its rate-based parameter adjusted.
16. A cellular telecommunication system base station controller having improved handover capability, comprising:
a base station interface that communicates with a plurality of transceivers, each transceiver defining a corresponding cell;
a traffic management controller that receives an indication for initiating a rescue handover of a call from a current cell to a candidate cell and in response, determines whether a frequency channel of the candidate cell has an unused timeslot, the traffic management controller receives signal quality data associated with a plurality of timeslots in a frequency channel of the candidate cell from a plurality of mobile stations, served by the candidate cell, that are assigned to the plurality of timeslots, and selects a timeslot from the plurality of timeslots that provides a highest signal quality; and
a plurality of adaptive multi-rate (AMR) coder-decoders (codecs) that adapt the candidate cell to handle increased call load prior to the rescue handover if determined by the traffic management controller that the candidate cell does not have the unused timeslot, by adjusting a rate-based parameter of the selected timeslot associated with the candidate cell.
17. The system claimed in claim 16, wherein at least one of the plurality of AMR codecs divides the selected timeslot into two half-rate (HR) timeslots.
18. The system claimed in claim 16, wherein the indication initiate the rescue handover is received in response to insufficient signal strength associated with the current cell.
19. The system claimed in claim 16, wherein at least one of the plurality of AMR codecs divide at least one of the plurality of timeslots into a plurality of sub-rate timeslots if the candidate cell does not have an unused timeslot.
20. The system claimed in claim 19, wherein the traffic management controller assigns the call to at least one of the plurality of sub-rate timeslots to facilitate the rescue handover.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method of producing polypropylene polymers, comprising:
contacting a first stream comprising propylene with or without one or more other olefins with at least one removal device to form a second stream comprising propylene with or without the one or more olefins, wherein the at least one removal device comprises molecular sieve particles having an average pore size of from 6 \u212b to 16 \u212b;
contacting the second stream with a metallocene catalyst system to produce a third stream comprising one or more (co)polypropylenes and unpolymerized propylene andor olefins;
separating at least a portion of the un-polymerized propylene andor olefins from the third stream to form a fourth stream comprising the at least a portion of the separated un-polymerized propylene andor olefins; recovering polypropylene polymer(s) from the third stream, and
combining the fourth stream with the first stream prior to contacting the first stream with the at least one removal device.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the second stream comprises less than 1 ppm of alcohols, halogen moieties, and organohalides.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first stream comprises fresh propylene.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first stream comprises ethylene, propylene, and alpha-olefins having from four to 16 carbon atoms.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one removal device comprises a shell having a first support member.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one removal device comprises a shell having a first support member in contact with at least a first portion of one or more molecular sieve particles.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one removal device comprises a shell having a first support member disposed a distance from at least a second portion of the one or more molecular sieve particles.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the first stream has a flow rate of from 3700 kghr to 56000 kghr.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the second stream has a flow rate of from 3700 kghr to 56000kghr.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the third stream has a flow rate of from 3700 kghr to 56000kghr.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the fourth stream has a flow rate of from 2600 kghr to 56000 kghr.
12. The method of claim 1, in which the one or more molecular sieve particles comprise a 13X molecular sieve.
13. The method of claim 1, wherein the second stream comprises less than 0.5 ppm of alcohols, halogen moieties and organohalides.
14. The method of claim 1, wherein the fourth stream comprises 5 ppm or more alcohols, halogen moieties and organohalides.
15. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more molecular sieve particles have a size of 8\u201314 mesh.
16. The method of claim 1, wherein the metallocene catalyst has an efficiency greater than 3500 gPP(gCat*hr).
17. The method of claim 1, wherein the metallocene catalyst comprises 1.5 wt % or less active metallocene and 12 wt % or less of metal alkyl scavenger.
18. A method of producing polypropylene, comprising:
contacting a first monomer stream comprising propylene monomers with a supported metallocene catalyst to form a product comprising polypropylene, unpolymerized propylene monomers, organohalides and alcohols;
providing a second monomer stream comprising at least a portion of the product;
passing at least a portion of the second monomer stream through a removal device comprising molecular sieve particles supported by a mesh screen having a pore size of from 6 \u212b to 16 \u212b to form a third stream, wherein at least a portion of the alcohols and organohalides from the second monomer stream are absent from the third stream; and
contacting at least a portion of the third stream with a supported metallocene catalyst to form additional polypropylene.
19. The method of producing polypropylene in accordance with claim 18, comprising:
first passing propylene feed stream through one or more removal devices to form a purified monomer stream, wherein the propylene feed stream has alcohols and organohalides in a combined amount greater than 5 ppm and the purified monomer stream comprises alcohols and organohalides in a combined amount less than 1 ppm; and
contacting the purified monomer stream with a supported metallocene catalyst to polymerize the purified monomer stream and form a product mixture that includes polypropylene macromers or polymers, unreacted or partially reacted propylene monomers, alcohols and organohalides.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein the passing the propylene feed stream through one or more removal devices to form a purified monomer stream comprises combining a first monomer stream and a second monomer stream, the first monomer stream comprising propylene monomers and the second monomer stream comprising unreacted or partially reacted propylene monomers, alcohols and organohalides.
21. The method of claim 19, wherein the passing the propylene feed stream through one or more removal devices to form a purified monomer stream comprises combining a first monomer stream and a second monomer stream, the first monomer stream comprising propylene monomers and the second monomer stream comprising unreacted or partially reacted propylene monomers, and alcohols and organohalides in a combined amount greater than 10 ppm.
22. The method of claim 19, further comprising removing the polypropylene macromers or polymers from the product mixture to form a recycle stream and combining the recycle stream with the propylene feed stream.
23. A method of producing polypropylene, comprising:
contacting propylene monomers with a supported metallocene catalyst to polymerize the propylene monomers and form a product mixture that includes polypropylene macromers or polymers, unreacted or partially reacted propylene monomers, alcohols and organohalides;
removing a portion of the product mixture to form a recycle stream and passing the recycle stream through a removal device comprising zeolite particles having a pore size of from 6 to 16 \u212b;
transferring at least a portion of the alcohols and organohalides from the recycle stream to the removal device to provide a purified recycle stream having alcohols and organohalides in a combined amount of 1 ppm or less; and
contacting at least a portion of the purified recycle stream with the supported metallocene catalyst to farm polypropylene.