1. A pharmaceutical formulation comprising a Na+K+-ATPase inhibitor, either alone or in combination with an anti-cancer agent, formulated in a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient and suitable for use in humans to treat pancreatic cancer.
2. A kit for treating a patient having pancreatic cancer, comprising a Na+K+-ATPase inhibitor, either alone or in combination with an anti-cancer agent, each formulated in premeasured doses for administration to the patient.
3. A method for treating a patient having pancreatic cancer, comprising administering to the patient an effective amount of a Na+K+-ATPase inhibitor, either alone or in combination with an anti-cancer agent.
4. A method for promoting treatment of a patient having pancreatic cancer, comprising packaging, labeling andor marketing a Na+K+-ATPase inhibitor, either alone or in combination with an anti-cancer agent, for use in therapy for treating the patient.
5. A method for promoting treatment of a patient having pancreatic cancer, comprising packaging, labeling andor marketing an anti-cancer agent to be used in conjoint therapy with a Na+K+-ATPase inhibitor for treating the patient.
6. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 1, wherein the Na+K+-ATPase inhibitor is a cardiac glycoside.
7. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 6, wherein the cardiac glycoside, when in combination with the anti-cancer agent, has an IC50 for killing one or more different cancer cell lines that is at least 2 fold less than the IC50 of the cardiac glycoside alone.
8. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 6, wherein the cardiac glycoside, when in combination with the anti-cancer agent, has an EC50 for treating the pancreatic cancer that is at least 2 fold less than the EC50 of the cardiac glycoside alone.
9. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 6, wherein the cardiac glycoside is represented by the general formula:
wherein
R represents a glycoside of 1 to 6 sugar residues;
R1 represents hydrogen, \u2014OH or \u2550O;
R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6 each independently represents hydrogen or \u2014OH; and
R7 represents
which cardiac glycoside has an IC50 for killing one or more different cancer cell lines of 500 nM or less.
10. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 6, wherein the cardiac glycoside comprises a steroid core with either a pyrone substituent at C17 (the \u201cbufadienolides form\u201d), or a butyrolactone substituent at C17 (the \u201ccardenolide\u201d form).
11. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 6, wherein the cardiac glycoside is ouabain or proscillaridin.
12. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 6, wherein the anti-cancer agent induces redox-sensitive transcription.
13. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 12, wherein the anti-cancer agent induces HIF-1\u03b1-dependent transcription.
14. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 6, wherein the anti-cancer agent induces mitochondrial dysfunction andor caspase activation.
15. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 6, wherein the anti-cancer agent induces cell cycle arrest at G2M in the absence of said Cardiac glycoside.
16. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 6, wherein said anti-cancer agent is an inhibitor of chromatin function.
17. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 16, wherein said anti-cancer agent is a DNA topoisomerase inhibitor.
18. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 16, wherein said anti-cancer agent is a microtubule inhibiting drug.
19. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 6, wherein said anti-cancer agent is a DNA damaging agent.
20. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 6, wherein said anti-cancer agent is an antimetabolite.
21. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 6, wherein said anti-cancer agent is a DNA synthesis inhibitor.
22. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 6, wherein said anti-cancer agent is a DNA binding agent.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An image forming apparatus comprising:
a data signal monitor that monitors a communication state of a data signal in the image forming apparatus;
a controller that, when the data signal monitor detects that the communication state of the data signal is abnormal, delays communication of the data signal such that the communication of the data signal is not performed during a previously determined time including a time point at which the communication state of the data signal has become abnormal due to an operation of the image forming apparatus; and
a memory that, when the data signal monitor detects that the communication state of the data signal is abnormal, stores the operation of the image forming apparatus in which the state has been changed,
wherein when a number of times that the operation of the image forming apparatus in which the state has been changed is stored in the memory exceeds a previously determined threshold value, the controller delays the communication of the data signal during previously set time for the operation of the image forming apparatus in which the state has been changed, and
wherein in a case when the number of times that the operation of the image forming apparatus in which the state has been changed is stored in the memory exceeds the previously determined threshold value, when time obtained by subtracting the previously set time for the operation of the image forming apparatus in which the state has been changed from previously set communication time for a previously determined data amount is shorter than time required for the communication for the previously determined data amount, the controller reduces the previously set time for the operation of the image forming apparatus in which the state has been changed.
2. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein when the data signal monitor detects that the communication state of the data signal is abnormal, the controller delays image data transmissionreception based on the operation of the image forming apparatus within the previously determined time including the time point at which the communication state of the data signal has become abnormal.
3. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the communication state of the data signal is abnormal when noise superimposed on the data signal cannot be eliminated.
4. An image forming apparatus comprising:
a monitor that monitors a state of communication performed in the image forming apparatus;
a controller that, when the monitor monitors that the state of the communication is abnormal, controls the communication based on an operation of the image forming apparatus in which a state has been changed within previously determined time including a time point at which the state of the communication has become abnormal; and
a memory that, when the monitor monitors that the state of the communication is abnormal, stores the operation of the image forming apparatus in which the state has been changed,
wherein when the number of times stored in the memory exceeds a previously determined threshold value, the controller performs control not to perform the communication during previously set time for the operation of the image forming apparatus in which the state has been changed, and
wherein in a case where the number of times stored in the memory exceeds the previously determined threshold value, when time obtained by subtracting the previously set time for the operation of the image forming apparatus in which the state has been changed from previously set communication time for a previously determined data amount is shorter than time required for the communication for the previously determined data amount, the controller reduces the previously set time for the operation of the image forming apparatus in which the state has been changed.
5. An image forming apparatus comprising:
a noise monitor that monitors noise which occurs in the image forming apparatus;
a controller that, when the noise monitor detects that the noise has occurred, delays communication of a data signal such that communication of the data signal is not performed during a previously determined time including a time point at which the noise has occurred due to an operation of the image forming apparatus; and
a memory that, when the noise monitor detects that the noise has occurred, stores the operation of the image forming apparatus in which the noise has occurred,
wherein when a number of times that the operation of the image forming apparatus in which the noise has occurred is stored in the memory exceeds a previously determined threshold value, the controller delays the communication of the data signal during previously set time for the operation of the image forming apparatus in which the noise has occurred, and
wherein in a case when the number of times that the operation of the image forming apparatus in which the noise has occurred is stored in the memory exceeds the previously determined threshold value, when time obtained by subtracting the previously set time for the operation of the image forming apparatus in which the noise has occurred from previously set communication time for a previously determined data amount is shorter than time required for the communication for the previously determined data amount, the controller reduces the previously set time for the operation of the image forming apparatus in which the noise has occurred.
6. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing a program causing a computer to execute a process for image forming, the process comprising:
for a computer of an image forming apparatus,
monitoring a communication state of a data signal in the image forming apparatus;
when it is detected that the communication state of the data signal is abnormal, delaying communication of the data signal such that the communication of the data signal is not performed during a previously determined time including a time point at which the communication state of the data signal has become abnormal due to an operation of the image forming apparatus; and
when it is detected that the communication state of the data signal is abnormal, storing the operation of the image forming apparatus in which the state has been changed,
wherein when a number of times that the operation of the image forming apparatus in which the state has been changed is stored exceeds a previously determined threshold value, the communication of the data signal is delayed during previously set time for the operation of the image forming apparatus in which the state has been changed, and
wherein in a case when the number of times that the operation of the image forming apparatus in which the state has been changed exceeds the previously determined threshold value, when time obtained by subtracting the previously set time for the operation of the image forming apparatus in which the state has been changed from previously set communication time for a previously determined data amount is shorter than time required for the communication for the previously determined data amount, the previously set time for the operation of the image forming apparatus in which the state has been changed is reduced.
7. A method for image forming, the method comprising:
monitoring a communication state of a data signal in an image forming apparatus;
when it is detected that the communication state of the data signal is abnormal, delaying communication of the data signal such that the communication of the data signal is not performed during a previously determined time, stored in a memory, including a time point at which the communication state of the data signal has become abnormal due to an operation of the image forming apparatus; and
when it is detected that the communication state of the data signal is abnormal, storing the operation of the image forming apparatus in which the state has been changed,
wherein when a number of times that the operation of the image forming apparatus in which the state has been changed is stored exceeds a previously determined threshold value, the communication of the data signal is delayed during previously set time for the operation of the image forming apparatus in which the state has been changed, and
wherein in a case when the number of times that the operation of the image forming apparatus in which the state has been changed exceeds the previously determined threshold value, when time obtained by subtracting the previously set time for the operation of the image forming apparatus in which the state has been changed from previously set communication time for a previously determined data amount is shorter than time required for the communication for the previously determined data amount, the previously set time for the operation of the image forming apparatus in which the state has been changed is reduced.