What is claimed is:
1. A lithium cell comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode employing a carbon material as an active material, and a non-aqueous electrolyte comprising a solute dissolved in a non-aqueous solvent,
said negative electrode comprising a carbon material having an RA value (IAIG) of 0.05 or more, the RA value calculated from a peak intensity (IA) of a broad peak PA having a full width at half maximum of 100 cm1 or more and a peak intensity (IG) in the vicinity of 1580 cm1 as determined by laser Raman spectroscopy using an argon ion laser having a wavelength of 514.5 nm, the peak intensity (IA) determined from a peak PD in the vicinity of 1360 cm1, as determined by said laser Raman spectroscopy, which is separated into the broad peak PA having the full width at half maximum of 100 cm1 or more and a peak PB having a full width at half maximum of less than 100 cm1.
2. The lithium cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein said carbon material has said RA value (IAIG) in the range of 0.05 to 0.40.
3. The lithium cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein said carbon material has an R value (IDIG) of 0.20 or more, the R value calculated from the peak intensity (IG) in the vicinity of 1580 cm1 and a peak intensity (ID) in the vicinity of 1360 cm1 as determined by said laser Raman spectroscopy.
4. The lithium cell as claimed in claim 3, wherein said carbon material has said R value (IDIG) in the range of 0.20 to 0.80.
5. The lithium cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein vinylene carbonate is admixed to said non-aqueous electrolyte.
6. The lithium cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein a non-aqueous solvent containing 60 vol % or more of propylene carbonate is used in said non-aqueous electrolyte and wherein vinyl ethylene carbonate is admixed to said non-aqueous electrolyte.
7. The lithium cell as claimed in claim 6, wherein said carbon material has said RA value (IAIG) in the range of 0.05 to 0.25.
8. The lithium cell as claimed in claim 6, wherein said carbon material has an R value (IDIG) of 0.20 or more, the R value calculated from the peak intensity (IG) in the vicinity of 1580 cm1 and a peak intensity (ID) in the vicinity of 1360 cm1 as determined by said laser Raman spectroscopy.
9. The lithium cell as claimed in claim 8, wherein said carbon material has said R value (IDIG) in the range of 0.20 to 0.60.
10. The lithium cell as claimed in claim 6, wherein vinyl ethylene carbonate is admixed to said non-aqueous electrolyte in an amount of 0.1 to 10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the non-aqueous electrolyte.
11. The lithium cell as claimed in claim 6, wherein vinylene carbonate in addition to said vinyl ethylene carbonate, as additives, are admixed to said non-aqueous electrolyte.
12. The lithium cell as claimed in claim 11, wherein said additive mixture including vinyl ethylene carbonate and vinylene carbonate is admixed to said non-aqueous electrolyte in an amount of 0.1 to 13 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of said non-aqueous electrolyte.
13. A lithium cell comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode employing a carbon material as an active material, and a non-aqueous electrolyte comprising a solute dissolved in a non-aqueous solvent containing 60 vol % or more of propylene carbonate,
wherein the carbon material in said negative electrode has an R value (IDIG) of 0.20 or more, the R value calculated from a peak intensity (IG) in the vicinity of 1580 cm1 and a peak intensity (ID) in the vicinity of 1360 cm1 as determined by laser Raman spectroscopy using an argon ion laser having a wavelength of 514.5 nm, and
wherein vinyl ethylene carbonate is admixed to said non-aqueous electrolyte.
14. The lithium cell as claimed in claim 13, wherein vinyl ethylene carbonate is admixed to said non-aqueous electrolyte in an amount of 0.1 to 10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of said non-aqueous electrolyte.
15. The lithium cell as claimed in claim 13, wherein vinylene carbonate in addition to said vinyl ethylene carbonate are admixed to said non-aqueous electrolyte.
16. The lithium cell as claimed in claim 15, wherein an additive mixture including vinyl ethylene carbonate and vinylene carbonate is admixed to said non-aqueous electrolyte in an amount of 0.1 to 13 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of said non-aqueous electrolyte.
17. The lithium cell as claimed in claim 13, wherein the carbon material in said negative electrode has an R value (IDIG) in the range of 0.20 to 0.60.
18. The lithium cell as claimed in claim 13, wherein the carbon material in said negative electrode has an RA value (IAIG) in the range of 0.05 to 0.25, the RA value calculated from a peak intensity (IA) of a broad peak PA having a full width at half maximum of 100 cm1 or more and a peak intensity (IG) in the vicinity of 1580 cm1 as determined by laser Raman spectroscopy using an argon ion laser having a wavelength of 514.5 nm, the peak intensity (IA) determined from a peak PD in the vicinity of 1360 cm1 which is separated into the broad peak PA having the full width at half maximum of 100 cm1 or more and a peak PB having a full width at half maximum of less than 100 cm1.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method of preparing an optical fiber for connection to a backplane having an opening, the optical fiber having a ferrule portion and a non-ferrule portion, the method comprising:
positioning the optical fiber between a base with two clamp surfaces and a cover pivotally connected to the base and having two clamp surfaces; and
moving the base and the cover to a closed position to grip the ferrule portion of the optical fiber between opposed clamp surfaces of the base and the cover and to grip the non-ferrule portion of the optical fiber between opposed surfaces of the base and the cover such that the ferrule portion is held at a non-zero angle to the gripped non-ferrule portion.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein a bent portion of the optical fiber is disposed in a non-gripping gap between the base and the cover when the base and the cover are the closed position.
3. A method of preparing an optical fiber for connection to a backplane having an opening, the optical fiber having a ferrule portion and a non-ferrule portion, the method comprising:
positioning the optical fiber between a base with two clamp surfaces joined by an integral right angled portion and a cover connected to the base and having two clamp surfaces joined by an integral right angled portion; and
moving the base and the cover to a closed position to grip the ferrule portion of the optical fiber between opposed clamp surfaces of the base and the cover and to grip the non-ferrule portion of the optical fiber between opposed surfaces of the base and the cover such that the ferrule portion is held at a right angle to the gripped non-ferrule portion.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein a bent portion of the optical fiber is disposed in a non-gripping gap between the base and the cover when the base and the cover are the closed position.