1. A groove processing apparatus of processing a groove having a triangular cross section in a side of a plate material, the groove processing apparatus comprising:
a cutting member cutting the side of the plate material;
a first driving part moving the cutting member to first and second positions; and
a second driving part moving the cutting member in groove processing directions of the plate material,
wherein the first position corresponds to any one of the two sides of the triangular shape having the same vertex and the second position corresponds to the other thereof, the vertex being positioned inside the plate material.
2. The groove processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the cutting member cuts the side of the plate material so as to correspond to any one of the two sides of the triangular shape during a process in which it moves in the groove processing directions of the plate material by the second driving part, and the second driving part reciprocates the cutting member in the groove processing directions of the plate material at the first position and reciprocates the cutting member in the groove processing directions of the plate material at the second position or moves the cutting member in any one of the groove processing directions of the plate material at the first position and moves the cutting member in the other direction of the groove processing directions of the plate material at the second position.
3. The groove processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the second driving part includes a driving shaft having one end portion directly or indirectly connected to the cutting member and a driving shaft driving part reciprocating the driving shaft in the groove processing direction of the plate material.
4. The groove processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first driving part rotates the cutting member based on the rotation center present on an extension line of the vertex to move the cutting member to the first and second positions.
5. The groove processing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the first driving part includes a rotating body rotated based on the rotation center present on the extension line of the vertex, a driving body transferring rotational force to an outer surface of the rotating body to rotate the rotating body, and a connecting shaft directly or indirectly connecting the rotating body and the cutting member to each other, and the cutting member is rotated together with the connecting shaft according to the rotation of the rotating body.
6. A groove processing apparatus of processing a groove having a triangular cross section in a side of a plate material, the groove processing apparatus comprising:
a cutting member cutting the side of the plate material;
a first driving part rotating the cutting member around an axis parallel to groove processing directions of the plate material; and
a second driving part moving the cutting member in the groove processing directions of the plate material,
wherein the first driving part moves the cutting member to first and second positions corresponding to two sides of the triangular shape having the same vertex, and the cutting member cuts the side of the plate material while moving in the groove processing directions of the plate material by the second driving part at the first and second positions.
7. The groove processing apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the first driving part includes a rotating body rotated around the axis parallel with the groove processing directions of the plate material, a driving body rotating the rotating body, and a connecting body connecting the rotating body and the cutting member to each other and rotated together with the rotating body.
8. The groove processing apparatus according to claim 6, further comprising a support part guiding the plate material in a predetermined direction and supporting the plate material during a process of cutting the plate material; and a guide part provided at one side of the support part to guide the movement of the cutting member in the groove processing directions.
9. The groove processing apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the guide part includes a frame provided at one side the support part and a slider moving along the frame in the groove processing direction of the plate material, the first driving part includes a rotating body connected to the slider and rotated based on the axis parallel to groove processing directions of the plate material and a connecting body connecting the rotating body and the cutting member to each other and rotated together with the rotating body and is movable together with the slider in the groove processing directions of the plate material, and the second driving part includes a driving shaft having one end portion connected to the slider and a driving shaft driving part installed at the frame to reciprocate the driving shaft in the groove processing directions of the plate material.
10. The groove processing apparatus according to claim 9, further comprising a cutting member driving part provided at the connecting body to move together with the connecting body and driving the cutting member.
11. The groove processing apparatus according to claim 6, further comprising a third driving part moving the rotation center of the cutting member in a direction vertical to the side of the plate material to control a depth of the groove formed in the side of the plate material.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for deriving water from an osmotic membrane application and subsequent use thereof in an evaporative cooling tower application comprising the steps:
a) generating a source of water as produced via an osmotic membrane application;
b) removing hardness ions from said water produced in step a);
c) adjusting the concentration of silica present in the water produced in step b) such that said source water silica concentration will reach a concentration of at least 200 mgL (as SiO2) when concentrated by evaporation in an evaporative cooling tower system water;
d) adjusting and controlling the pH of said water produced in step c) to 9.0 or less; and
e) applying said water in connection with an evaporative cooling tower application.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein in step a) said osmotic membrane application is reverse osmosis.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein said hardness ions comprise ions of calcium and magnesium.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein in step b) said hardness ions comprise ions of calcium and magnesium.
5. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step:
a) cyclically performing said cooling tower application of step e).
6. The method of claim 1 wherein in step c), said silica concentration is maintained at a level of at least 300 mgL or higher.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein in step b), said hardness ions are sufficiently removed such that said hardness ions are present in an amount less than 0.5% of said water produced in step a).
8. The method of claim 7 wherein in step b), said hardness ions are sufficiently removed such that said hardness ions are present in an amount less than 0.25% of said water produced in step a).
9. The method of claim 1 wherein in step d), said pH is elevated via concentration of carbonate alkalinity naturally occurring in said water produced in step c).
10. The method of claim 1 wherein in step b), said hardness ions are sufficiently removed such that said hardness ions are present in an amount of 30 mgL or less in the tower water when concentrated by evaporation.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein in step a), said osmotic membrane application consists of reverse osmosis and said water produced thereby has a pH greater than 9.0; and wherein in step d), said pH of said water produced in step c) is reduced to 9.0 or less.
12. The method of claim 1 wherein in step a), said osmotic process is reverse osmosis and is operative to produce reject waste water having total dissolved solids (TDS) of up to 15,000 mgL.
13. The method of claim 2 wherein in step a), said osmotic membrane application consists of reverse osmosis and wherein in step b), said hardness ions are removed in an amount sufficient such that the total hardness of the water used in step d) in the evaporative cooling tower application is maintained at a ratio relative the total dissolved solids (TDS) of approximately 3:1,000 or less.
14. The method of claim 13 wherein in step b), said total hardness is maintained at 30 mgL or less and said total dissolved solids are equal to less than 10,000 mgL.
15. The method of claim 13 wherein in step b), said total hardness ions are removed to an amount sufficient such that in step d), said total hardness in the evaporative cooling tower is allowed to increase by 1 mgL provided the total dissolved solids correspondingly increase in concentration by a corresponding 1,000 mgL.
16. The method of claim 1 wherein in step a), said osmotic process is reverse osmosis and is operative to produce reject waste water having total dissolved solids (TDS) increasingly below 15,000.
17. The method of claim 1 wherein in step a), said osmotic process is reverse osmosis and is operative to produce reject waste water at pressure increasingly below 1500 psi.
18. A method for deriving water from an osmotic membrane application and subsequent use thereof in an evaporative cooling tower application comprising the steps:
a) providing a source of feed water and removing hardness ions therefrom;
b) generating a source of water as produced via a reverse osmosis membrane application from said water produced in step a);
c) adjusting the concentration of silica present in the water produced in step b) such that said source water silica concentration will reach a concentration of at least 200 mgL (as SiO2) when concentrated by evaporation in an evaporative cooling tower system water;
d) adjusting and controlling the pH of said water produced in step b) such that said water will reach a pH of 9.0 but less than 10 when concentrated by evaporation in an evaporative cooling tower system water; and
e) applying said water in connection with an evaporative cooling tower application.
19. A method for deriving water from an osmotic membrane application and subsequent use thereof in an evaporative cooling tower application comprising the steps:
a) generating a source of water as produced via a forward osmosis membrane application;
b) supplementing said water produced in step a) by addition of alkalinity, silica and monovalent metal ion salts (NaCl) such that the total dissolved solids are present in an amount of at least 10,000 mgL in the tower water;
c) adjusting the concentration of silica present in the water produced in step b) such that said source water silica concentration will reach a concentration of at least 200 mgL (as SiO2) when concentrated by evaporation in an evaporative cooling tower system water;
d) adjusting and controlling the pH of said water produced in step b) such that said water will reach a pH of 9.0 but less than 10 when concentrated by evaporation in an evaporative cooling tower system water; and
e) applying said water in connection with an evaporative cooling tower application.