1. A system for recognizing speech securely, comprising:
a client configured to provide securely speech in a form of an observation sequence of symbols;
a server configured to provide securely a plurality of trained hidden Markov models (HMMs), each trained HMM including a plurality of states, a state transition probability distribution and an initial state distribution, and each state including a subset of the observation symbols and an observation symbol probability distribution, and in which the observation symbol probability distributions are modeled by mixtures of Gaussian distributions;
means to determine securely, for each HMM, a likelihood the observation sequence is produced by the states of the HMM; and
means to determine securely a particular symbol with a maximum likelihood of a particular subset of the symbols corresponding to the speech,
2. The system of claim 1, in which the observation sequence of symbols is a feature vector of the speech.
3. The system of claim 1, in which the particular subset of symbols is a transcript of the speech.
4. The system of claim 1, in which the symbols are selected from the group comprising of letters, words, phonemes, syllables, and phrases, or combinations thereof.
5. The system of claim 1, in which for each HMM, the plurality of states, the state transition probability distribution, the initial state distribution, the subset of the observation symbols, and the observation symbol probability distribution form the parameters of the HMM, and the means for determining the likelihood further comprises:
means for securely evaluating the likelihood of each symbol with respect to the observation symbol probability distributions associated with each state.
6. The system of claim 1, in which the secure multi-party maximum index protocol uses the millionaire’s problem protocol.
7. The system of claim 1, in which for each HMM, the plurality of states, the state transition probability distribution and the initial state distribution, the subset of the observation symbols, and the observation symbol probability distribution form the parameters of the HMM, and further comprising:
means for securely determining a best sequence of the states of each HMM to account for the observation sequence of the symbols.
8. The system of claim 1, in which for each HMM, the plurality of states, the state transition probability distribution and the initial state distribution, the subset of the observation symbols, and the observation symbol probability distribution form the parameters of the HMM, and further comprising;
means for adjusting the parameters of each HMM securely to account for the observation sequence of the symbols.
9. The system of claim 1, in which the speech is only revealed to the client, and HMMs are only revealed to the server.
10. A method for recognizing speech securely, comprising:
providing securely speech in a form of an observation sequence of symbols;
providing securely a plurality of trained hidden Markov models (HMMs), each trained HMM including a plurality of states, a state transition probability distribution and an initial state distribution, and each state including a subset of the observation symbols and an observation symbol probability distribution, and in which the observation symbol probability distributions are modeled by mixtures of Gaussian distributions;
determining securely, for each HMM, a likelihood the observation sequence is produced by the states of the HMM; and
determining securely a particular symbol with a maximum likelihood of a particular subset of the symbols corresponding to the speech.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method of operating an accessory to control a portable media device, the method comprising, by the accessory:
establishing a connection to the portable media device;
determining that a media asset from a database of media assets stored by the portable media device is queued for playback by the portable media device;
requesting, from the portable media device, navigation history information indicating a navigational path by which the media asset was selected;
receiving the navigation history information from the portable media device; and
initializing a database navigation interface of the accessory according to the navigation history information.
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
presenting the database navigation interface to a user of the accessory;
receiving a user input indicating a navigation operation to be performed; and
using the navigation history information to perform the navigation operation.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the navigation operation corresponds to backing up on a navigational path.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein:
requesting the navigation history information includes sending a first command to the portable media device; and
receiving the navigation history information includes receiving a second command from the portable media device, the second command including at least a portion of the navigation history information.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the portion of the navigation history information includes:
information identifying a level from a plurality of levels of a hierarchy in a database of media assets maintained by the portable media device; and
information identifying a selection made at the identified level.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the first command includes a parameter identifying one or more of the plurality of levels as a level for which selection information is requested.
7. An accessory for providing a remote user interface for a portable media device, the accessory comprising:
a user interface including at least one input control operable by a user;
an inputoutput interface configured to exchange commands and data with the portable media device; and
a controller coupled to the user interface and the inputoutput interface, the controller being configured to detect a user input from the user interface and to control the inputoutput interface based at least in part on the user input,
wherein the controller is further configured to:
establish a connection to the portable media device via the inputoutput interface;
request, from the portable media device, navigation history information indicating a navigational path by which a media asset currently queued for playback by the portable media device was selected from a database of media assets stored by the portable media device; and
initialize the user interface of the accessory to provide a navigational interface for navigating the database of media assets stored by the portable media device, wherein an initial state of the navigational interface is determined based on the navigation history information.
8. The accessory of claim 7 wherein:
the user interface is further configured to receive a user input indicating a navigation operation; and
the controller is further configured to respond to the user input based at least in part on the navigation history information.
9. An accessory for use with a portable media device, the accessory comprising:
a user interface including at least one input control operable by a user; and
an inputoutput interface configured to exchange a plurality of commands with the portable media device; and
a controller coupled to the user interface and the inputoutput interface, the controller being configured to detect a user input from the user interface and to control the inputoutput interface based at least in part on the user input,
wherein the plurality of commands includes:
a first command sendable by the accessory to the portable media device, the first command instructing the portable media device to provide navigation history information indicating a navigational path by which a media asset from a database of media assets stored by the portable media device became selected for playback by the portable media device; and
a second command receivable by the accessory from the portable media device, the second command providing at least a portion of the navigation history information.
10. The accessory of claim 9 wherein the controller is further configured to present a remote database navigation interface via the user interface and to initialize the remote database navigation interface based on the navigation history information.
11. The accessory of claim 10 wherein the controller is further configured to receive a user input indicating a navigation operation to be performed and to use the navigation history information to perform the navigation operation.
12. The accessory of claim 11 wherein the navigation operation corresponds to backing up on a navigational path.
13. The accessory of claim 9 wherein the first command includes a level parameter identifying a level from a plurality of levels of a hierarchy in a database of media assets maintained by the portable media device.
14. The accessory of claim 13 wherein the second command includes an index parameter identifying a selection made at the level identified by the level parameter of the first command.
15. A method for operating a portable media device, the method comprising:
selecting a media asset from a database of media assets stored by the portable media device for playback, wherein selecting a media asset includes responding to a sequence of user inputs, the sequence of user inputs establishing a navigational path through the database;
queuing the selected media asset for playback by the portable media device;
establishing a connection to an accessory, the accessory providing a user interface;
receiving from the accessory a request for navigation history information; and
providing to the accessory information identifying the navigational path.
16. The method of claim 15 further comprising:
receiving from the accessory a request for information about the media asset that is queued for playback by the portable media device; and
providing the requested information about the media asset to the accessory.
17. The method of claim 15 wherein providing the information identifying the navigational path includes sending a first command to the accessory, wherein the first command includes:
a level parameter identifying one of a plurality of levels of a hierarchy for the database of media assets; and
an index parameter identifying a selection made by the user from a plurality of available selections at the level identified by the level parameter.
18. The method of claim 17 wherein receiving the request for navigation history information includes receiving a second command from the accessory, wherein the second command identifies one or more of the plurality of levels as being a level for which selection information is requested.
19. The method of claim 18 wherein sending the first command to the accessory includes sending one instance of the first command for each level identified by the second command as being a level for which selection information is requested.
20. A portable media device for use with an accessory, the portable media device comprising:
a user interface including at least one input control operable by a user;
an inputoutput interface configured to exchange a plurality of commands with the accessory,
a storage device configured to store a database of media assets and metadata associated with the media assets;
a playback engine configured to maintain a playback queue of media assets in the database and to play media assets from the playback queue in response to playback instructions received via the user interface or the inputoutput interface; and
a database engine configured to respond to commands received from either the user interface or the inputoutput interface by navigating the database and selecting a media asset from the database to be added to the playback queue, wherein selecting a media asset includes responding to a sequence of user inputs, the sequence of user inputs establishing a navigational path through the database,
wherein the inputoutput interface is further configured to receive a request from the accessory for navigation history information and to provide to the accessory information identifying a navigational path via which a media asset became included in the playback queue.
21. A portable media device for use with an accessory, the portable media device comprising:
a user interface including at least one input control operable by a user;
a storage device configured to store a database of media assets and metadata associated with the media assets;
a database engine configured to respond to navigational instructions received via the user interface by selecting one or more media assets from the database in accordance with the navigational instructions, wherein a sequence of received navigational instructions establishes a navigational path;
a playback engine configured to maintain a playback queue of media assets to be played and to play media assets from the playback queue in response to playback instructions received via the user interface; and
an inputoutput interface configured to exchange a plurality of commands with the accessory, the plurality of commands including:
a first command receivable by the portable media device from the accessory, the first command instructing the portable media device to provide navigation history information indicating a navigational path by which a media asset from the database of media assets stored by the portable media device became included in the playback queue; and
a second command sendable by the portable media device to the accessory, the second command providing the navigation history information.
22. The portable media device of claim 21 wherein the metadata in the database of media assets is navigable as a hierarchy having a plurality of levels and wherein the first command includes a parameter identifying one or more of the plurality of levels as being a level for which selection information is requested.
23. The portable media device of claim 22 wherein the second command includes a level parameter identifying one of the plurality of levels and an index parameter identifying a selection made at the level identified by the level parameter.