1-6. (canceled)
7. A process for producing allyl acetate, comprising reacting a feed comprising propylene, acetic acid, oxygen, and carbon dioxide in the presence of a supported palladium catalyst, wherein the feed comprises from 2 to 6 mol % carbon dioxide to form a reaction mixture comprising allyl acetate, propylene, oxygen, acetic acid, water, and carbon dioxide, further wherein the concentration of the carbon dioxide in the feed is controlled at a constant concentration; the reaction mixture is partially condensed to form a liquid stream and a gas stream; the liquid stream is further separated into an organic stream and an aqueous stream; and at least a portion of the aqueous stream and at least a portion of the gas stream are recycled to the feed.
8. The process of claim 7 wherein the supported palladium catalyst comprises from 0.1 to 5.0 wt % palladium.
9. The process of claim 7 wherein the feed comprises from 4 to 6 mol % carbon dioxide.
10. The process of claim 7 wherein the feed comprises 1 to 4 mol % water.
11. The process of claim 7 wherein the feed comprises greater than 50 mol % propylene.
12. The process of claim 7 wherein the feed comprises an inert gas selected from the group consisting of propane, argon, nitrogen, and mixtures thereof
13. The process of claim 12 wherein the feed comprises 10 to 55 mol % inert gas.
14. The process of claim 7 wherein the feed comprises 8 to 20 mol % acetic acid.
15. The process of claim 7 wherein the feed comprises from 2 to 8 mol % of oxygen.
16. The process of claim 7 wherein the liquid stream comprises 5 to 20 wt % allyl acetate, 20 to 40 wt % acetic acid, and 40 to 60 wt % water.
17. The process of claim 7 wherein the organic stream comprises allyl acetate and the aqueous stream comprises water and acetic acid.
18. The process of claim 7 wherein all of the aqueous stream is recycled to the feed.
19. The process of claim 7 wherein propylene has a purity of at least 90 mol %.
20. The process of claim 7 wherein the selectivity to allyl acetate is improved when compared to a process wherein less than 2 mol % carbon dioxide is presented in the feed.
21. The process of claim 7 wherein the formation of carbon dioxide is suppressed when compared to a process wherein less than 2 mol % carbon dioxide is present in the feed.
22. The process of claim 7 wherein the supported palladium catalyst further comprises gold, copper, silver, or mixtures thereof.
23. The process of claim 22 wherein the supported palladium catalyst comprises from 0.02 to 5.0 wt % of a Group 11 element or mixtures of Group 11 elements.
24. The process of claim 7 wherein the supported palladium catalyst further comprises an activator.
25. The process of claim 24 wherein the activator comprises a Group 1 salt or combinations thereof
26. The process of claim 25 wherein the activator is present in an amount from 1.5 to 15 wt % based on the supported palladium catalyst.
27. The process of claim 7 wherein the palladium catalyst further comprises a carrier.
28. The process of claim 27 wherein the carrier is alumina, silica, titania, carbon, or a mixture thereof
29. The process of claim 27 wherein the carrier has a surface area of at least 1 m2g.
30. The process of claim 27 wherein the carrier has a pore volume of 0.1 to 1.5 mLg.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
What is claimed is:
1. A process gas line for a gas panel assembly for handling a plurality of process gases, comprising:
a process gas inlet for receiving process gas from a process gas source;
a one-piece manifold having at least one laterally-extending manifold face and having a manifold inlet in communication with the gas inlet to receive the process gas, the one-piece manifold having an internal gas pathway for carrying the process gas generally in a lateral direction from the manifold inlet to a manifold outlet, the manifold having a plurality of device connection ports along the manifold face in communication with the internal gas pathway for mounting devices extending from the manifold face and in gas flow communication with the connection ports; and
a process gas outlet connected to the manifold outlet.
2. A gas panel for handling plural process gases, comprising:
a plurality of one-piece manifold bodies, each of said manifold bodies having thereon at least three identical component receiving stations, each of said component receiving stations having a gas inlet and a gas outlet, the gas outlet from a first component receiving station of the plurality being connected by a permanent connection within the manifold to a gas inlet to a neighboring component receiving station;
a plurality of gas components, each of said gas components being connected to a respective receiving station on one of the manifold blocks, said gas components comprising at least one valve and at least one mass flow controller.
3. A gas panel according to claim 2, wherein one of said gas components comprises a purifier.
4. A gas panel according to claim 2, wherein one of said gas components comprises a filter.
5. A gas panel according to claim 2, wherein one of said gas components comprises a pressure transducer.
6. A gas panel according to claim 2, wherein said valve comprises a pneumatic valve.
7. A gas panel according to claim 2, wherein said valve comprises a manual valve.
8. A gas panel according to claim 2, wherein one of said gas components comprises a pressure regulator.
9. A gas panel comprising:
a plurality of one-piece manifold bodies, each of said manifold bodies having thereon at least three identical component receiving stations, each of said component receiving stations having a gas inlet and a gas outlet, the gas outlet from a first component receiving station of the plurality being connected by a permanent connection with the manifold to a gas inlet to a neighboring component receiving station;
a gas shut-off valve connected to one of the receiving stations on one of the manifold blocks; and
a mass flow controller connected to receive gas from the gas shut-off valve.
10. A gas panel according to claim 9, further comprising a purifier connected to one of said one-piece manifold bodies.
11. A gas panel according to claim 9, further comprising a filter connected to one of said one-piece manifolds.
12. A gas panel according to claim 9, further comprising a pressure transducer connected to one of said one-piece manifolds.
13. A gas panel according to claim 9, further comprising a pressure regulator connected to one of said one-piece manifolds.
14. A gas panel enclosure comprising:
a floor;
a plurality of rods extending from a floor thereof, each of said upwardly extending rods being adjustable with respect to said floor; and
a one-piece gas panel manifold positioned on the rods for adjustment with respect to said floor, said gas panel manifold having a plurality of active device receiving stations thereon so that the active device portions of the upper surface of the manifold may be aligned in a plane with other manifolds positioned within the gas panel.
15. A gas panel comprising:
a plurality of gas inlets;
a one-piece gas panel manifold connected to each inlet of each of said plurality of said gas inlets, each of said one-piece gas panel manifolds defining a substantially transverse gas path therethrough and having a plurality of active device stations positioned across a top face thereof;
a plurality of removable active devices removably connected to each of the active device stations for receiving said gas, each of said removable active devices being connected by a single device connector to couple both to inlet and outlet ports of the active device station; and
a plurality of gas outlets connected to the one-piece manifolds.
16. A gas panel according to claim 15, wherein said removable active devices further comprise: a shutoff valve, a pressure regulator and a mass flow controller.
17. A gas panel according to claim 16, wherein said removable active devices further comprise a manual shut-off valve.
18. A gas panel according to claim 15, wherein an interface region between the manifold and the active devices is substantially planar and substantially parallel to the flow of gas from the inlet of the manifold to the outlet of the manifold.
19. A flange for coupling to an active-site of a one-piece manifold, comprising:
a seal;
a base, said base having a retainer for coupling the seal in registration with the base, the base having a pair of gas ports comprising a gas inlet for receiving gas from an inlet bore of the one-piece manifold and a gas outlet for supplying the gas to an outlet bore of the one-piece manifold; and
a fastener retained with the base for coupling with the one-piece manifold when the base is assembled with the one-piece manifold.
20. A preassembled active device for use in a gas panel comprising:
a base;
a keeper mounted on the base;
a seal held by the keeper;
a fastener retained with the base and extending through the base for connection to a manifold of a gas panel; and
a retainer for holding the fastener to the base prior to assembly of the base with the manifold.
21. A one-piece manifold for a gas panel assembly for handling a gas, comprising: a one-piece manifold body having at least one laterally-extending manifold face and having a manifold inlet for receiving a gas, the one-piece manifold body having an internal gas pathway for carrying the process gas generally in a lateral direction from the manifold inlet to a manifold outlet, the manifold having a plurality of device connection ports along the manifold face in communication with the internal gas pathway for mounting devices extending from the manifold face and in gas flow communication with the connection ports, and a gas outlet in gas communication with the internal gas pathway for delivering the process gas to a tool.
22. A one-piece manifold for a gas panel assembly for handling a gas according to claim 21, wherein the internal gas pathway comprises pairs of angularly formed bores defining v-paths between the device connection ports for carrying the gas from one device connection port to the next device connection port.