1. A method of transmitting a broadcast signal in a transmitter, the method comprising:
encoding mobile data for forward error correction (FEC) to build a Reed-Solomon (RS) frame by adding a parity byte and cyclic redundancy check (CRC) data;
block processing the encoded mobile data by a specific code rate;
forming data groups including the block processed mobile data,
wherein at least one of the data groups includes a first region and a second region,
wherein the first region includes known data sequences,
wherein the data groups include signaling information, MPEG header place holders, main service data place holders and non-systematic RS parity place holders, and
wherein the signaling information includes information for a plurality of RS code modes for the mobile data and information for a plurality of serial concatenated convolutional code (SCCC) modes for the mobile data;
deinterleaving data in the data groups;
removing the main service data place holders and the non-systematic RS parity place holders and replacing the MPEG header place holders with MPEG headers to form mobile data packets;
multiplexing main data packets including main data and the mobile data packets;
performing systematic RS encoding on the main data in the multiplexed packets and non-systematic RS encoding on the mobile data in the multiplexed packets, wherein non-systematic RS parity data is added by the non-systematic RS encoding;
interleaving data in the multiplexed packets as the inverse process of the deinterleaving;
trellis encoding the interleaved data in a trellis encoder, wherein a memory included in the trellis encoder is initialized at a start of each of the known data sequences; and
transmitting the broadcast signal including the trellis-encoded data.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein at least two of the known data sequences have different patterns.
3. The method of claim 1, further comprising performing non-systematic RS encoding to recalculate the non-systematic RS parity data.
4. An apparatus for transmitting a broadcast signal, the apparatus comprising:
an encoder configured to encode mobile data for forward error correction (FEC) to build a Reed-Solomon (RS) frame by adding a parity byte and cyclic redundancy check (CRC) data;
a block processor configured to block process the encoded mobile data by a specific code rate;
a data group formatter configured to form data groups including the block processed mobile data,
wherein at least one of the data groups includes a first region and a second region,
wherein the first region includes known data sequences,
wherein the data groups include signaling information, MPEG header place holders, main service data place holders and non-systematic RS parity place holders, and
wherein the signaling information includes information for a plurality of RS code modes for the mobile data and information for a plurality of serial concatenated convolutional code (SCCC) modes for the mobile data;
a deinterleaver configured to deinterleave data in the data groups;
a packet formatter configured to remove the main service data place holders and the non-systematic RS parity place holders and replace the MPEG header place holders with MPEG headers to form mobile data packets;
a multiplexer configured to multiplex main data packets including main data and the mobile data packets;
a systematicnonsystematic RS encoder configured to perform systematic RS encoding on the main data in the multiplexed packets and non-systematic RS encoding on the mobile data in the multiplexed packets, wherein nonsystematic RS parity data is added by the non-systematic RS encoding;
an interleaver configured to interleave data in the multiplexed packets as the inverse process of the deinterleaving;
a trellis encoder configured to trellis encode the interleaved data in the trellis encoder, wherein a memory included in the trellis encoder is initialized at a start of each of the known data sequences; and
a transmission unit configured to transmit the broadcast signal including the trellis-encoded data.
5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein at least two of the known data sequences have different patterns.
6. The apparatus of claim 4, further comprising a non-systematic RS encoder configured to perform non-systematic RS encoding to recalculate the non-systematic RS parity data.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A lubricating base oil comprising an ester synthesized from:
a first component that is at least one selected from polyhydric alcohols having 2 to 4 hydroxyl groups;
a second component that is at least one selected from polybasic acids having 6 to 12 carbon atoms; and
a third component that is at least one selected from monohydric alcohols having 4 to 18 carbon atoms and monocarboxylic acids having 2 to 12 carbon atoms.
2. The lubricating base oil according to claim 1, wherein the first component comprises at least one selected from neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane and pentaerythritol.
3. The lubricating base oil according to claim 1, wherein the first component comprises:
a first alcohol that is at least one selected from neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane and pentaerythritol; and
a second alcohol that is at least one selected from dihydric alcohols having 2 to 10 carbon atoms other than neopentyl glycol.
4. The lubricating base oil according to claim 1, wherein the first component comprises at least one selected from neopentyl glycol and trimethylolpropane.
5. The lubricating base oil according to claim 1, wherein the second component comprises at least one selected from adipic acid and sebacic acid.
6. The lubricating base oil according to claim 1, wherein the first component comprises butanediol.
7. The lubricating base oil according to claim 1, wherein the third component comprises at least one selected from monohydric alcohols having 8 to 10 carbon atoms.
8. A refrigerating machine oil containing the lubricating base oil according to claim 1.
9. The refrigerating machine oil according to claim 8, being used with a refrigerant comprising at least one selected from hydrofluorocarbons, hydrofluoroolefins, hydrocarbons having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and carbon dioxide.
10. The refrigerating machine oil according to claim 8, being used with a refrigerant having a global warming potential of 1000 or less.
11. The refrigerating machine oil according to claim 8, being used with a refrigerant having a global warming potential of 700 or less.
12. The refrigerating machine oil according to claim 8, being used with a refrigerant comprising difluoromethane.
13. The refrigerating machine oil according to claim 8, being used with a refrigerant comprising propane or isobutane.
14. The refrigerating machine oil according to claim 8, being used with a refrigerant comprising at least one hydrofluoropropene.
15. A working fluid composition for a refrigerating machine, comprising:
a refrigerating machine oil comprising the lubricating base oil according to claim 1; and
a refrigerant comprising at least one selected from hydrofluorocarbons, hydrofluoroolefins, hydrocarbons having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and carbon dioxide.