1. A conductive layered structure comprising:
a DNA hydrogel; and
a composite layer comprising a polymer electrolyte and a conductive material, the composite layer being disposed on the DNA hydrogel.
2. The conductive layered structure of claim 1, wherein the conductive material is a conductive polymer, a carbon nanotube, or a reduced graphene oxide.
3. The conductive layered structure of claim 1, wherein the conductive material is a carbon nanotube, and the composite layer further comprises polyaniline (PANI).
4. The conductive layered structure of claim 1, wherein the DNA hydrogel is bound to the composite layer by electrostatic attraction.
5. The conductive layered structure of claim 1, wherein the DNA hydrogel is formed by cross-linking at least one of X-shaped branched DNA, Y-shaped branched DNA, and T-shaped branched DNA.
6. The conductive layered structure of claim 1, wherein the composite layer has a multi-layer structure including 2 to 20 layers.
7. The conductive layered structure of claim 6, wherein the composite layer is an alternating stack of a polymer electrolyte layer having positive charges and a polymer electrolyte layer having negative charges, wherein a conductive material is dispersed in at least one layer of the composite layer.
8. The conductive layered structure of claim 7, wherein the polymer electrolyte having positive charges is at least one selected from among (poly(diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride) (PDADMAC), poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH), poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI), and poly(dimethylamino-2-ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA).
9. The conductive layered structure of claim 7, wherein the polymer electrolyte having negative charges is at least one selected from among poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS), poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), poly(vinylsulfonate) (PVS), and poly1-4-(3-carboxy-4-hydroxyphenylazo)benzenesulfonamido-1,2-ethanediyl, sodium salt (PAZO).
10. The conductive layered structure of claim 1, wherein the conductive polymer is water-dispersible.
11. The conductive layered structure of claim 10, wherein the conductive polymer is at least one selected from among polyaniline, polythiophene, polypyrrole, and poly (3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene).
12. The conductive layered structure of claim 1, wherein the composite layer further comprises a PAH layer, a PAA-SWCNT layer, and a PANI layer, the composite layer being disposed to be symmetrically present on both sides of the DNA hydrogel.
13. An electrode comprising:
a current collector; and
an electrode active material disposed on the current collector, wherein the electrode active material comprises:
a DNA hydrogel; and
a composite layer comprising a polymer electrolyte and a conductive material, the composite layer being disposed on the DNA hydrogel.
14. The electrode of claim 13, wherein the DNA hydrogel and the composite layer are bound to each other by electrostatic attraction.
15. The electrode of claim 13, wherein the DNA hydrogel is formed by cross-linking at least one of X-shaped DNA, Y-shaped DNA, and T-shaped DNA.
16. The electrode of claim 13, wherein the composite layer has a multi-layer structure including 2 to 20 layers.
17. The electrode of claim 16, wherein the composite layer is disposed to be symmetrical on both sides with respect to the DNA hydrogel.
18. The electrode of claim 16, wherein the composite layer is an alternating stack of a polymer electrolyte layer having positive charges and a polymer electrolyte layer having negative charges, wherein a conductive material is dispersed in at least one layer of the composite layer.
19. The electrode of claim 18, wherein the polymer electrolyte having positive charges is at least one selected from among (poly(diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride) (PDADMAC), poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH), poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI), and poly(dimethylamino-2-ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA).
20. The electrode of claim 18, wherein the polymer electrolyte having negative charges is at least one selected from among poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS), poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), poly(vinylsulfonate) (PVS), and poly1-4-(3-carboxy-4-hydroxyphenylazo)benzenesulfonamido-1,2-ethanediyl, sodium salt (PAZO).
21. The electrode of claim 13, wherein the current collector is a biocompatible current collector.
22. The electrode of claim 21, wherein the biocompatible current collector comprises at least one metal selected from among gold (Au), silver (Ag), platinum (Pt), titanium (Ti), and iron (Fe).
23. A method of manufacturing a conductive layered structure, the method comprising:
preparing a DNA hydrogel;
immersing the DNA hydrogel in a first polymer electrolyte solution having a first polarity opposite to the DNA hydrogel;
drying the DNA hydrogel having the first polymer electrolyte solution, to form a first polymer electrolyte layer disposed on a surface of the DNA hydrogel;
immersing the DNA hydrogel having the first polymer electrolyte layer in a second polymer electrolyte solution having a second polarity opposite to the first polarity; and
drying the DNA hydrogel having the first polymer electrolyte layer and the second polymer electrolyte solution, to form a second polymer electrolyte layer disposed on the first polymer electrolyte layer which is further disposed on the DNA hydrogel,
wherein the second polymer electrolyte layer is a composite layer comprising a conductive material dispersed in the second polymer electrolyte layer.
24. The method of claim 23, further comprising:
immersing the DNA hydrogel having the first and the second polymer electrolyte layers disposed on the DNA hydrogel in a third polymer electrolyte solution having a polarity opposite to the polarity of the second polymer electrolyte layer on the DNA hydrogel to form a DNA hydrogel having the first and the second polymer electrolyte layers disposed on the DNA hydrogel and the third polymer electrolyte disposed on the second polymer electrolyte layer;
drying the immersed DNA hydrogel to form a stack of layers disposed on the DNA hydrogel in the following sequence: the first polymer electrolyte layer, the second polymer electrolyte layer and the third polymer electrolyte layer; and
repeating the immersing and the drying to form an additional polymer electrolyte layer disposed on the stack of layers;
wherein one or more layers of the polymer electrolyte layers are composite layers in which a conductive material is dispersed in the polymer electrolyte.
25. The method of claim 23, wherein the conductive material is a conductive polymer, a carbon nanotube, or a reduced graphene oxide.
26. The method of claim 23, wherein the first polymer electrolyte solution and the second polymer electrolyte solution comprise a polymer electrolyte in a concentration of about 10 mM to about 100 mM.
27. The method of claim 23, wherein the second polymer electrolyte layer comprises about 0.5 wt % to about 2.0 wt % of a conductive polymer.
28. The method of claim 23, wherein the preparing a DNA hydrogel comprises:
preparing branched DNA by hybridization of a single-stranded DNA; and
cross-linking the branched DNA.
29. The method of claim 28, wherein the branched DNA is an X-shaped branched DNA, a Y-shaped branched DNA, or a T-shaped branched DNA.
30. The method of claim 23, wherein the drying is performed by freeze-drying.
31. The method of claim 30, wherein the freeze-drying is performed at a temperature of from about \u221260\xb0 to about \u221280\xb0 for about 12 hours to about 24 hours.
32. The method of claim 23, wherein the conductive material is one or more carbon nanotubes.
33. The method of claim 32 further comprising forming a PANI layer on the second polymer electrolyte layer.
34. The method of claim 33, wherein the PANI layer is formed from an aqueous solution comprising water soluble PANI in a concentration of about 5 mgml to about 40 mgml.
35. The method of claim 23, wherein the immersing is performed by dipping.
36. The method of claim 23, wherein the method further comprises washing before the drying.
37. A supercapacitor comprising:
a cathode;
an anode; and
an electrolyte disposed between the cathode and the anode,
wherein at least one of the cathode and the anode is an electrode comprising a current collector and an electrode active material disposed on the current collector, and
wherein the electrode active material comprises:
a DNA hydrogel; and
a composite layer comprising a polymer electrolyte and a conductive material, the composite layer being disposed on the DNA hydrogel.
38. The supercapacitor of claim 37, wherein the electrolyte is at least one selected from among H2SO4, Na2SO4, Li2SO4, LiPF6, lithium perchlorate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, KCl, KOH, and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EMIMTFSI).
39. The supercapacitor of claim 37, wherein the current collector is a biocompatible current collector.
40. The supercapacitor of claim 39, further comprising a biocompatible separator.
41. The supercapacitor of claim 40, wherein the biocompatible separator comprises one of: polypropylene, polyethylene, Teflon, cellulose, and hydrogel.
42. The supercapacitor of claim 40, wherein the supercapacitor further comprises an insulating protection layer coating the cathode, the anode, and biocompatible separator such as to insulate the cathode, the anode, and the biocompatible separator from external environments.
43. The supercapacitor of claim 40, wherein the supercapacitor is implantable in bladder or eyeball.
44. The supercapacitor of claim 40, wherein the electrolyte is a biofluid.
45. An in-vivo electronic device comprising the conductive layered structure of claim 1.
46. The supercapacitor of claim 37, wherein upon inserting the supercapacitor in a human organ, a biofluid of the human organ functions as the electrolyte of the capacitor.
47. The method of claim 23, further comprising:
forming a stack of alternating layers on the DNA hydrogel;
wherein the stack of the alternating layers comprise layers of opposite polarities; and
wherein one or more layers of the stack of the alternating layers are composite layers in which a conductive material is dispersed in the polymer electrolyte.
48. The method of claim 47, wherein the alternating layers are formed in the same way as the first polymer electrolyte layer and the second polymer electrolyte layer.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
What is claimed is:
1. A method of driving an ac-discharge PDP;
the PDP comprising scan electrodes and sustain electrodes extending in parallel in a first direction and data electrodes extending in a second direction;
the scan electrodes, the sustain electrodes, and the data electrodes forming cells arranged regularly for displaying images using discharge-induced emission;
the method comprising:
(a) a wall-charge adjustment step of storing first wall-charge of a first polarity near the respective scan electrodes and second wall-charge of a second polarity near the respective sustain electrodes, where the second polarity is opposite to the first polarity;
the first wall-charge of the first polarity stored near the respective scan electrodes generating an associate electric-field in the cells;
the wall-charge adjustment step being performed by common application of at least one of a first wall-charge adjustment voltage pulse to the scan electrodes and a second wall-charge adjustment voltage pulse to the sustain electrodes; and
(b) a writing discharge generating step of generating writing discharge in the desired cells;
the writing discharge generation step being performed after the wall-charge adjustment step by applying successively a scan voltage pulse to the scan electrodes and applying a data voltage pulse to the data electrodes according to desired image data;
the scan voltage pulse and the data voltage pulse generating a main electric-field in the cells;
the main electric-field cooperating with the associate electric-field, thereby generating a writing voltage in the cells.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the first and second wall-charge adjustment voltage pulses is prepared independent of a preliminary discharge pulse for generating preliminary discharge;
and wherein the at least one of the first and second wall-charge adjustment voltage pulses is applied after the preliminary discharge pulse is applied.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the first and second wall-charge adjustment voltage pulses is prepared to be combined with a preliminary discharge pulse for generating preliminary discharge;
and wherein the at least one of the first and second wall-charge adjustment voltage pulses is applied after the preliminary discharge pulse is applied.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the first and second wall-charge adjustment voltage pulses has a part whose amplitude varies.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein at least one of the first and second wall-charge adjustment voltage pulses has a part whose amplitude varies approximately linearly.
6. The method according to claim 2, wherein at least one of the first and second wall-charge adjustment voltage pulses has a part whose amplitude varies.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein at least one of the first and second wall-charge adjustment voltage pulses has a part whose amplitude varies approximately linearly.
8. The method according to claim 3, wherein at least one of the first and second wall-charge adjustment voltage pulses has a part whose amplitude varies.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein at least one of the first and second wall-charge adjustment voltage pulses has a part whose amplitude varies approximately linearly.
10. The method according to claim 1, further comprising a step of commonly applying an associate scan voltage pulse to the sustain electrodes in the writing discharge generation step;
wherein the associate scan voltage pulse serves to decrease or eliminate the second wall-charge stored near the respective sustain electrodes in the cells, preventing error discharge.
11. The method according to claim 10, wherein at least one of the first and second wall-charge adjustment voltage pulses is prepared independent of a preliminary discharge pulse for generating preliminary discharge;
and wherein the at least one of the first and second wall-charge adjustment voltage pulses is applied after the preliminary discharge pulse is applied.
12. The method according to claim 10, wherein at least one of the first and second wall-charge adjustment voltage pulses is prepared to be combined with a preliminary discharge pulse for generating preliminary discharge;
and wherein the at least one of the first and second wall-charge adjustment voltage pulses is applied after the preliminary discharge pulse is applied.
13. The method according to claim 10, wherein at least one of the first and second wall-charge adjustment voltage pulses has a part whose amplitude varies.
14. The method according to claim 13, wherein at least one of the first and second wall-charge adjustment voltage pulses has a part whose amplitude varies approximately linearly.
15. The method according to claim 1, further comprising a step of commonly applying a wall-charge elimination voltage pulse to the scan electrodes after the writing discharge generation step is finished;
wherein the wall-charge elimination voltage pulse serves to decrease or eliminate the first and second wall-charge left near the respective scan and sustain electrodes in the cells where no writing discharge has occurred, preventing light from being emitted in error.
16. The method according to claim 15, wherein at least one of the first and second wall-charge adjustment voltage pulses is prepared independent of a preliminary discharge pulse for generating preliminary discharge;
and wherein the at least one of the first and second wall-charge adjustment voltage pulses is applied after the preliminary discharge pulse is applied.
17. The method according to claim 15, wherein at least one of the first and second wall-charge adjustment voltage pulses is prepared to be combined with a preliminary discharge pulse for generating preliminary discharge;
and wherein the at least one of the first and second wall-charge adjustment voltage pulses is applied after the preliminary discharge pulse is applied.
18. The method according to claim 15, wherein at least one of the first and second wall-charge adjustment voltage pulses has a part whose amplitude varies.
19. The method according to claim 18, wherein at least one of the first and second wall-charge adjustment voltage pulses has a part whose amplitude varies approximately linearly.