1. A method for controlling a welding process or a welding current source using a consumable electrode, in which a welding process adjusted on the basis of several different welding parameters and controlled by a control device is carried out by a welding current source after the ignition of an electric arc, and at least one welding process phase having a high energy input and a welding process phase having a low energy input resulting from different material transitions andor electric arc types are cyclically combined during the welding process to influence or control the heat balance and, in particular, the heat input into the workpiece (16) to be worked, wherein said welding process phase having a low energy input a cold-metal-transfer phase (28) is used, during which the welding wire (13) is conveyed in the direction of the workpiece (16) until contacting the same, and the wire conveyance is subsequently reversed after the creation of a short circuit, thus conveying the welding wire (13) back as far as to a predefined distance (30) from the workpiece (16).
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein a pulse current phase (27) is used as said welding process phase having a high energy input.
3. A method according to claim 1, wherein a spray-arc phase is used as said welding process phase having a high energy input.
4. A method according to claim 1, wherein during the conveyance of the welding wire (13) in the direction of the workpiece (16), the welding current (I) is changed, particularly increased, so as to induce the formation of a droplet and the incipient melting of the end of the welding wire.
5. A method according to claim 1, wherein the welding wire (13) is moved back after having contacted the workpiece (16), thus detaching the droplet (32) and the incipiently melted material from the welding wire (13).
6. A method according to claim 1, wherein the duration of the individual welding process phases is controlled as a function of the adjusted welding current (I) and, in particular, directly proportionally to the adjusted welding current (I) or an adjusted power, respectively.
7. A method according to claim 1, wherein the ratio between the welding process phase having a high energy input and the welding process phase having a low energy input is changed as a function of the welding current (I) or an adjusted power, respectively.
8. A method according to claim 1, wherein at least one welding parameter of the heat input into the workpiece (16) to be worked is selected or adjusted on the welding apparatus (1), with the ratio between the welding process phase having a high energy input and the welding process phase having a low energy input being automatically determined and controlled as a function of the selected or adjusted heat input value.
9. A method according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the cyclically alternating welding process phases is determined as a function of the parameters used for the welding process such as, for instance, a welding current (I) andor a parameter for the heat input andor the material of the workpiece (16) to be worked andor the material of the welding wire (13) andor the employed welding gas.
10. A method according to claim 1, wherein the welding process phase (28) having a low energy input is initiated by specifying the number of pulses in the pulse current phase (27) or by predetermining a time period or by applying a trigger signal.
11. A method according to claim 1, wherein the welding process is started according to the lift-arc principle.
12. A method according to claim 1, wherein an additional welding process phase having a high energy input is implemented over a defined period upon ignition of the electric arc (15) and prior to the cyclic alternation of the at least two different welding process phases.
13. A method according to claim 1, wherein the energy input, in particular the welding current (I), during the cold-metal-transfer phase (28) is lower than the energy input, in particular the welding current (I), during the pulse current phase (27).
14. A method according to claim 1, wherein the wire advance speed is changed during the different welding process phases.
15. A welding apparatus (1) including a welding current source (2), a control device (4), a welding torch (10) and a welding wire (13), wherein different welding parameters are adjustable via an input andor output device (40) provided on the welding apparatus, or via a remote controller, wherein an adjustment element for the adjustment of the heat balance or heat input into the workpiece (16) to be worked, via a cyclic combination of at least one welding process phase having a low energy input and a welding process phase having a high energy input, is arranged on the input andor output device (40) of the welding apparatus, andor the remote controller, wherein said welding process phase having a low energy input is comprised of a cold-metal-transfer phase (28), during which the welding wire (13) is conveyed in the direction of the workpiece (16) until contacting the same, and the wire conveyance is subsequently reversed after the creation of a short circuit, thus conveying the welding wire (13) back as far as to a predefined distance (30) from the workpiece (16).
16. A welding device according to claim 15, comprising an embodiment for carrying out the method according to claim 1.
17. A welding device according to claim 15, wherein a further selection or adjustment element (46) is provided for the selection of the welding process phases to be used.
18. A welding device according to claim 15, wherein at least one display (42, 43, 44, 45) is provided for the representation of the selected welding parameters andor the selected welding process phases.
19. A welding device according to claim 15, wherein a selection or adjustment element (46) is provided for the selection of the material of the workpiece (16) to be worked.
20. A welding device according to claim 15, wherein a selection or adjustment element (46) is provided for the selection of the material of the employed welding wire (13).
21. A welding device according to claim 15, wherein a cyclic combination of the cold-metal-transfer phase (28) with a pulse current phase is adjustable at the input andor output device (40).
22. A welding device according to claim 15, wherein a cyclic combination of the cold-metal-transfer phase (28) with a spray-arc phase is adjustable at the input andor output device (40).
23. A welding device according to claim 15, wherein a selection or adjustment element (48) is provided for the adjustment of the ratio of the selected welding process phases and, in particular, the duration of the respective welding process phase.
24. A welding device according to claim 18, wherein a memory is provided for the storage of welding parameter adjustments.
25. A welding device according to claim 18, wherein a cyclic combination of a spray-arc welding process with a cold-metal-transfer welding process is adjustable at the input andor output device (40).
26. A welding device according to claim 18, wherein a cyclic combination of a spray short-circuit arc welding process with a cold-metal-transfer welding process is adjustable at the input andor output device (40).
27. A welding device according to claim 18, wherein a cyclic combination of a pulse welding process with a spray-arc welding process is adjustable at the input andor output device (40).
28. A welding device according to claim 18, wherein a selection or adjustment element (48) is provided for the adjustment of the ratio of the selected welding process phases and, in particular, the duration of the respective welding process phase.
29. A welding device according to claim 18, wherein a memory is provided for the storage of welding parameter adjustments.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A touch panel comprising:
an input unit for inputting information; and
a haptic unit positioned on the input unit to apply vibration,
wherein the input unit comprises:
a first substrate;
a sensor unit for detecting an input position on the first substrate; and
a wiring electrically connected to the sensor unit and
wherein the haptic unit comprises:
a second substrate on the first substrate;
a recess part on one surface of the second substrate;
an electrode unit aligned on the second substrate to receive position information; and
an actuator aligned on the recess part to transfer vibration force.
2. The touch panel of claim 1, wherein the electrode unit includes a first electrode unit extending in the first direction and a second electrode unit extending in the second direction.
3. The touch panel of claim 2, wherein the first electrode unit, the actuator and the second electrode unit are sequentially aligned on the second substrate.
4. The touch panel of claim 2, wherein the actuator is interposed between the first electrode unit and the second electrode unit.
5. The touch panel of claim 2, wherein a sum of a thickness of the first electrode unit and a thickness of the actuator corresponds to a depth of the recess part.
6. The touch panel of claim 5, wherein the recess part has the depth in a range of 1 nm to 200 \u03bcm.
7. The touch panel of claim 2, wherein a plurality of recess parts are aligned while extending in first and second directions.
8. The touch panel of claim 7, wherein the recess part has a width in a range of 100 \u03bcm to 1 mm.
9. The touch panel of claim 2, wherein at least one of the first and second electrode units has a thickness in a range of 1 nm to 100 nm.
10. The touch panel of claim 1, wherein the actuator includes at least one selected from the group consisting of hydrogel, nafion, electroactive polymer, a piezoelectric actuator, and an MEMS (micro electro mechanical systems) actuator.
11. The touch panel of claim 2, wherein at least one of the first and second electrode units includes at least one selected from the group consisting of indium tin oxide (ITO), carbon nano tube, Ag nano wire, graphene, and conductive polymer.
12. The touch panel of claim 1, wherein the second substrate include a glass or a film.
13. The touch panel of claim 2, further comprising a protective unit on the second substrate.
14. The touch panel of claim 2, wherein the protective unit is aligned on the second electrode unit.
15. The touch panel of claim 14, wherein the protective unit includes a polymer film.
16. The touch panel of claim 1, wherein the recess part is formed on the bottom surface of the second substrate.
17. A liquid crystal display comprising:
a liquid crystal panel for displaying images; and
a touch panel aligned at a display side of the liquid crystal panel such that information is input thereto from an outside,
wherein the touch panel comprises:
an input unit for inputting the information; and
a haptic unit for applying vibration,
wherein the input unit comprises:
a first substrate;
a sensor unit for detecting an input position on the first substrate; and
a wiring electrically connected to the sensor unit, and
wherein the haptic unit comprises:
a second substrate on the first substrate;
a recess part on one surface of the second substrate;
an electrode unit aligned on the second substrate to receive position information; and
an actuator aligned on the recess part to transfer vibration force.
18. A touch panel comprising:
an input unit for inputting information; and
a haptic unit positioned on the input unit to apply vibration,
wherein the input unit comprises:
a substrate;
a sensor unit for detecting an input position on the substrate; and
a wiring electrically connected to the sensor unit and
wherein the haptic unit comprises:
a recess part on one surface of the substrate;
an electrode unit aligned on the substrate to receive position information; and
an actuator aligned on the recess part to transfer vibration force.
19. The touch panel of claim 18, wherein the input unit and the haptic unitare provided on the same substrate.
20. The touch panel of claim 18, wherein the substrate includes a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other,
the input unit is provided on the first surface, the haptic unit is provided on the second surface.