1. An isolated peptide consisting essentially of the amino acid sequence:
Asn Pro Arg Gly Val Ser Xaa Tyr Xaa Xaa Arg Xaa (SEQ ID NO. 72).
2. The amino acid of claim 1, wherein the amino acid sequence is:
Asn Pro Arg Gly Val Ser Ala Tyr Leu Ser Arg Pro (SEQ ID NO. 73).
3. An isolated peptide consisting essentially of the amino acid sequence:
Leu Pro Arg Ala Leu Xaa Arg Ser Xaa (SEQ ID NO: 74).
4. The peptide of claim 3, wherein the amino acid sequence is:
a)
Leu Pro Arg Ala Leu Met Arg Ser
(SEQ ID NO: 75)
Thr
b)
His Pro His Leu Pro Arg Ala Leu
(SEQ ID NO: 76)
Met Arg Ser Thr;
or
c)
Leu Pro Arg Ala Leu Met Arg Ser
(SEQ ID NO: 77)
Thr Thr Lys Thr.
5. A composition comprising the peptide of claim 1 or claim 3 and a physiologically acceptable carrier, diluent, stabilizer or excipient.
6. The composition of claim 5, further comprising an immunogenic carrier.
7. The composition of claim 6, wherein the immunogenic carrier is selected from the group consisting of BSA, KLH, tetanus toxoid, and diphtheria toxoid.
8. An antibody that specifically binds to the peptide of any one of claims 1 to 4.
9. The antibody of claim 8, further comprising a label.
10. The antibody of claim 8, wherein the antibody is:
a) a chimeric antibody,
b) a single chain antibody,
c) a Fab fragment,
d) a F(ab\u2032), fragment,
e) a human antibody, or
f) a humanized antibody.
11. A composition comprising an antibody of claim 8 and an acceptable carrier.
12. A method preparing a polyclonal antibody, the method comprising:
a) immunizing an animal with a polypeptide consisting of an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:72 or SEQ ID NO:74 under conditions to elicit an antibody response,
b) isolating antibodies from the animal, and
c) screening the isolated antibodies with the polypeptide, thereby identifying a polyclonal antibody which specifically binds with high affinity to a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:72 or SEQ ID NO:74.
13. A polyclonal antibody produced by a method of claim 12.
14. A composition comprising the polyclonal antibody of claim 13 and a suitable carrier.
15. A method of making a monoclonal antibody, the method comprising:
a) immunizing an animal with a polypeptide consisting essentially of an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:72 or SEQ ID NO:74 under conditions to elicit an antibody response,
b) isolating antibody producing cells from the animal,
c) fusing the antibody producing cells with immortalized cells to form monoclonal antibody-producing hybridoma cells,
d) culturing the hybridoma cells, and
e) isolating from the culture a monoclonal antibody which specifically binds with high affinity to a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:72 or SEQ ID NO 74.
16. A monoclonal antibody produced by a method of claim 15.
17. A composition comprising the monoclonal antibody of claim 16 and a suitable carrier.
18. The antibody of claim 8, wherein the antibody is produced by screening a Fab expression library.
19. The antibody of claim 8v, wherein the antibody is produced by screening a combinatorial immunoglobulin library.
20. A kit comprising an antibody of any one of claims 8-19.
21. A method of inducing an immunological response to IgE in a mammal comprising administering the peptide of any one of claims 1-4 or the composition of any one of claims 5-7, in an amount sufficient to induce a response in the mammal.
22. A method for treating an IgE-mediated disease or condition in a mammal, comprising administering to the mammal an antibody of any one of claims 8, 13, or 16 sufficient to treat the IgE-mediated disease or condition in the mammal.
23. A method for treating an IgE-mediated disease or condition in a mammal, comprising administering to the mammal an antibody generated using a peptide of any one of claims 1-4, sufficient to treat the IgE-mediated disease or condition in the mammal.
24. The method claims 22 or 23, wherein the disease or condition is an allergy, asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatis, urticaria, or eczema.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An analog to digital converter (ADC) circuit comprising:
an ADC input for receiving an analog input signal;
a memory having preconfigured ordered sets of codes;
a digital sequence generator configured to provide random numbers to the memory;
at least one Flash reference generation digital to analog converter (FRGD), each FRGD having an input coupled to the digital sequence generator and an output configured to provide a reference voltage level; and
a Flash comparator for each of the at least one FRGD, each Flash comparator comprising:
an output;
a first input coupled to its corresponding FRGD; and
a second input coupled to the ADC input;
wherein the preconfigured ordered sets of codes of the memory are of predetermined FRGD combinations.
2. The circuit of claim 1, further comprising a reference digital to analog converter (DAC) comprising a switch and capacitor for each Flash comparator, wherein the reference DAC is coupled between each Flash comparator and a common output.
3. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the preconfigured ordered sets of codes are based on a predetermined number of FRGD combinations that provide a maximum DAC gradient suppression.
4. The circuit of claim 3, wherein the FRGD combinations that provide a maximum DAC gradient suppression are determined by computer modeling over a course of many tests.
5. The circuit of claim 1, further comprising a digital address circuit coupled between the digital sequence generator and the memory and configured to provide a memory address for each random number.
6. The circuit of claim 5, further comprising:
an output resistor for each of the at least one FRGD, each output resistor having:
a first node coupled to its corresponding FRGD, and
a common resistor output;
a dither resistor coupled between the common resistor output and a reference voltage; and
a dither DAC having an output coupled to the common resistor output and configured to provide a dither signal.
7. The circuit of claim 6, further comprising a reference digital to analog converter (DAC) comprising a switch and capacitor for each Flash comparator, wherein:
the DAC is coupled between each Flash comparator and a common output; and
the ADC is a pipeline stage of a plurality of ADC’s.
8. The circuit of claim 7, wherein an amplitude of the dither signal is equal to a least significant bit (LSB) of a prior stage ADC.
9. A method of converting an analog signal to a digital signal in a pipeline stage analog to digital converter (ADC) having an input, a memory, a digital sequence generator, at least one Flash reference generation digital to analog converter (FRGD), a plurality of Flash comparators, and a reference digital to analog converter (DAC) having several elements, the method comprising:
creating a random number;
sending the random number to the memory;
selecting a predetermined FRGD configuration based on the random number, thereby randomizing element mismatch in the reference DAC;
creating a threshold voltage for each Flash comparator based on the random number;
receiving an analog signal at the input;
comparing the analog signal with the respective threshold voltage by each Flash comparator;
providing a digital output signal by each Flash comparator based on the comparison.
10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
determining FRGD combinations that provide a maximum DAC gradient suppression; and
programming the memory codes for only those FRGD combinations.
11. The method of claim 9, further comprising randomizing a residue generated by a prior stage ADC by providing a dither signal to the at least one Flash comparator.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein an amplitude of the dither signal is equal to a least significant bit (LSB) of a prior stage ADC.
13. The method of claim 11, further comprising subtracting a dither signal injected to a prior stage pipeline Flash from the reference DAC.