1. An accumulator for a refrigeration system, comprising:
a first chamber and a second chamber, the chambers being in a pressure-isolated arrangement, whereby the pressure of fluid in one chamber does not equalize to the pressure of fluid in the other chamber, and being in a heat-transfer relationship, whereby the temperature of fluid in one chamber equalizes with the temperature of the fluid in the other chamber;
a pre-evaporator line forming a flow passage which passes through and communicates with the first chamber, whereby the pressure of fluid within the first chamber equalizes with the pressure of fluid within the pre-evaporator line;
a post-evaporator-inlet line forming a flow passage into the second chamber; and
a post-evaporator-outlet line forming a flow passage out of the second chamber.
2. An accumulator as set forth in claim 1, wherein the pre-evaporator line includes at least one interchange opening for communication between fluid within the first chamber and fluid within the pre-evaporator line.
3. An accumulator as set forth in claim 2, wherein the interchange opening(s) each have a flow area substantially less than the flow area of the pre-evaporator inlet line.
4. An accumulator as set forth in claim 1, wherein the pre-evaporator line includes at two interchange openings for communication between fluid within the first chamber and fluid within the pre-evaporator line, and wherein one of the interchange openings is positioned above the other of the interchange openings.
5. An accumulator as set forth in claim 1, wherein the flow passage formed by the post-evaporator-outlet line is a gas-only flow passage.
6. An accumulator as set forth in claim 5, wherein the post-evaporator-outlet line includes an open end positioned in an upper region of the second chamber and a drain opening in a lower region of the second chamber.
7. An accumulator as set forth in claim 1, wherein the first chamber is positioned below the second chamber.
8. An accumulator as set forth in claim 1, wherein the pre-evaporator line passes through, but does not communicate with, the second chamber.
9. An accumulator as set forth in claim 1, wherein the pre-evaporator line includes a fixed orifice metering device upstream of the first chamber.
10. An accumulator as set forth in claim 1, wherein the first chamber and the second chamber are formed by a capsule and a heat-transferring divider and wherein the divider separates space defined by the capsule into the first chamber and the second chamber.
11. An accumulator as set forth in claim 10, wherein the capsule has an entrance for the pre-evaporator line, an exit for the pre-evaporator line, an entrance for the post-evaporator-inlet line, and an exit for the post-evaporator-outlet line.
12. An accumulator as set forth in claim 11, wherein the capsule includes a fitting and wherein at least three of the entrance(s) and exit(s) are situated on the fitting.
13. An accumulator as set forth in claim 12, wherein the pre-evaporator line passes through, but does not communicate with, the second chamber.
14. An accumulator as set forth in claim 13, wherein the heat-transferring divider includes at least one opening through which the pre-evaporator line can pass tofrom the first chamber.
15. An accumulator as set forth in claim 13, wherein the heat-transferring divider includes an opening through which the pre-evaporator line can pass to the first chamber and an opening through which the pre-evaporator line can pass from the first chamber.
16. An accumulator as set forth in claim 12, wherein the two entrances and the two exits are situated on the fitting.
17. An accumulator as set forth in claim 1, wherein:
the first chamber and the second chamber are formed by a capsule and a heat-transferring divider;
the first chamber is positioned below the second chamber;
the pre-evaporator line includes at least one opening for communication between fluid within the first chamber and fluid within the pre-evaporator line, and each opening has a flow area substantially less than the flow area of the pre-evaporator line; and
the flow passage formed by the post-evaporator-outlet line is a gas-only flow passage.
18. An accumulator as set forth in claim 17, wherein the pre-evaporator line includes at least two openings for communication between fluid within the first chamber and fluid within the pre-evaporator line, one opening being positioned in an upper region of the first chamber and the other opening being positioned within a lower region the first chamber.
19. A refrigeration system comprising an evaporator, a condenser, a compressor, the accumulator set forth in claim 1, and refrigerant fluid flowing through lines between the evaporator, the condenser, the compressor and the accumulator; wherein said lines comprise:
a line from the condenser outlet to the accumulator’s pre-evaporator line,
a line from the accumulator’s pre-evaporator line to the evaporator inlet,
a line from the evaporator outlet to the accumulator’s post-evaporator-inlet line, and
a line from the accumulator’s post-evaporator-outlet line to the compressor.
20. A refrigeration system as set forth in claim 19, wherein, in a steady state, refrigerant fluid within the first chamber is saturated and refrigerant fluid within the second chamber is superheated.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A nucleic acid comprising a first nucleic acid sequence and a second nucleic acid sequence heterologous to said first nucleic acid sequence, wherein said first nucleic acid sequence comprises a polypeptide coding sequence encoding a polypeptide having at least 95 percent identity to SEQ ID NO:2.