1. A mucus cleaning endotracheal tube comprising:
an endotracheal tube having tubular walls, a proximal end and a distal end;
a suctioning tube within said endotracheal tube walls extending from approximately said proximal end to approximately said distal end of said endotracheal tube;
said suctioning tube being connectable to a vacuum source from the proximal end of said endotracheal tube; and,
said suctioning tube terminating at one or more distally or inwardly facing holes located at or near the distal end of said endotracheal tube through which mucus can be suctioned before said mucus migrates up the inside walls of said endotracheal tube.
2. The mucus cleaning endotracheal tube of claim 1 further comprising a cap with a proximal end and a distal end wherein said proximal cap end has an annular space into which the distal end of said endotracheal tube is received and wherein said distal cap end is perforated with a plurality of holes.
3. The mucus cleaning endotracheal tube of claim 2 wherein said distal cap end holes number between 2 and 8 and is each less than 1 millimeter in diameter.
4. The mucus cleaning endotracheal tube of claim 2 wherein said suction tube terminates with a hole at the distal end of said endotracheal tube and an annular space gap is left between the distal end of said endotracheal tube and the distal end of said cap.
5. The mucus cleaning endotracheal tube of claim 1 further comprising a balloon cuff and a balloon cuff inflation tube.
6. A mucus cleaning endotracheal tube apparatus comprising:
an endotracheal tube having tubular walls, a proximal end and a distal end;
a suctioning tube within said endotracheal tube walls extending from approximately said proximal end to approximately said distal end of said endotracheal tube;
said suctioning tube being connectable to a vacuum source from the proximal end of said endotracheal tube, said suctioning tube terminating at one or more holes located at or near the distal end of said endotracheal tube through which mucus can be suctioned before said mucus migrates up the inside walls of said endotracheal tube; and
electronic sensors and activators to time mucus suctioning to correspond with expiration of air through said endotracheal tube.
7. A mucus cleaning endotracheal tube apparatus comprising:
an endotracheal tube having tubular walls, a proximal end and a distal end:
a suctioning tube within said endotracheal tube walls extending from approximately said proximal end to approximately said distal end of said endotracheal tube;
said suctioning tube being connectable to a vacuum source from the proximal end of said endotracheal tube, said suctioning tube terminating at one or more holes located at or near the distal end of said endotracheal tube through which mucus can be suctioned before said mucus migrates up the inside walls of said endotracheal tube; and
a vial in said suctioning tube between said vacuum source and the proximal end of said endotracheal tube to accumulate suctioned mucus.
8. A mucus cleaning endotracheal tube apparatus comprising:
an endotracheal tube having tubular walls, a proximal end and a distal end;
a suctioning tube within said endotracheal tube walls extending from approximately said proximal end to approximately said distal end of said endotracheal tube;
said suctioning tube being connectable to a vacuum source from the proximal end of said endotracheal tube, said suctioning tube terminating at one or more holes located at or near the distal end of said endotracheal tube through which mucus can be suctioned before said mucus migrates up the inside walls of said endotracheal tube; and
a bactericidal film on the inside tubular wall of said endotracheal tube.
9. A mucus cleaning endotracheal tube comprising:
an endotracheal tube having tubular walls, a proximal end and a distal end;
a plurality of suctioning tubes within said endotracheal tube walls extending from approximately said proximal end to approximately said distal end of said endotracheal tube;
said suctioning tubes being connectable to one or more vacuum sources from the proximal end of said endotracheal tube; and,
each of said suctioning tubes terminating at a distally or inwardly facing hole located at or near the distal end of said endotracheal tube through which mucus can be suctioned before said mucus migrates up the inside walls of said endotracheal tube.
10. The mucus cleaning endotracheal tube of claim 9 further comprising a balloon cuff and a balloon cuff inflation tube.
11. The mucus cleaning endotracheal tube of claim 9 wherein said suctioning tubes number between 2 and 8 and each of said suctioning tube termination holes is less than 1 millimeter in diameter.
12. A mucus cleaning endotracheal tube apparatus comprising
an endotracheal tube having tubular walls, a proximal end and a distal end;
a plurality of suctioning tubes within said endotracheal tube walls extending from approximately said proximal end to approximately said distal end of said endotracheal tube;
said suctioning tubes being connectable to one or more vacuum sources from the proximal end of said endotracheal tube, each of said suctioning tubes terminating at a hole located at or near the distal end of said endotracheal tube through which mucus can be suctioned before said mucus migrates up the inside walls of said endotracheal tube; and
electronic sensors and activators to time mucus suctioning to correspond with expiration of air through said endotracheal tube.
13. A method for suctioning away mucus from an endotracheal tube placed in the trachea of a human or animal before such mucus can accumulate on the inside walls of said endotracheal tube comprising the steps of:
selecting an endotracheal tube having tubular walls, a proximal end and a distal end;
forming a suctioning tube within said endotracheal tube walls extending from approximately said proximal end to approximately said distal end of said endotracheal tube;
terminating said suctioning tube at one or more distally or inwardly facing holes located at or near the distal end of said endotracheal tube;
inserting said endotracheal tube into the trachea of a human or animal to a point above a human or animal’s lungs;
applying suction through said suctioning tube hole(s) to remove mucus before said mucus can migrate up past said hole(s) and onto the inside wall of said endotracheal tube.
14. A method for suctioning away mucus from an endotracheal tube placed in the trachea of a human or animal before such mucus can accumulate on the inside walls of said endotracheal tube comprising the steps of:
selecting an endotracheal tube having tubular walls a proximal end and a distal end;
forming a suctioning tube within said endotracheal tube walls extending from approximately said proximal end to approximately said distal end of said endotracheal tube;
terminating said suctioning tube at one or more holes located at or near the distal end of said endotracheal tube;
inserting said endotracheal tube into the trachea of a human or animal to a point above a human or animal’s lungs;
applying suction through said suctioning tube hole(s) to remove mucus before said mucus can migrate up past said hole(s) and onto the inside wall of said endotracheal tube; and,
timing said suctioning to correspond to the expiration of air by said human or animal.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein said suctioning is timed to correspond to air expiration by detecting a drop in the pressure of air supplied to said endotracheal tube, using such detected air pressure drop to intermittently open a valve which allows vacuum to be applied through said suctioning tube.
16. The method of claim 15 wherein said valve is opened approximately once every thirty times a drop in air pressure is detected.
17. The method of claim 13 wherein suction is applied through said suctioning tube for less than 1 second at a time.
18. The method of claim 13 further comprising the step of collecting suctioned mucus in a vial connected to said suctioning tube.
19. The method of claim 13 wherein a plurality of suctioning tubes are formed within the tubular walls of said endotracheal tube and each of said suctioning tubes terminates in a single hole located at or near the distal end of said endotracheal tube.
20. The method of claim 19 wherein each of said suctioning tube holes is at the distal end of said endotracheal tube and faces toward the lungs of said human or animal.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A preform of sintered material for manufacturing a toothed component, the preform having a negative oversize along at least a portion of its outer surface.
2. The preform according to claim 1, wherein the negative oversize is arranged at least on one flank of a tooth of the component.
3. The preform according to claim 1, wherein the negative oversize extends asymmetrically along the flank.
4. The preform according to claim 1, wherein a negative oversize is arranged on each flank of at least one tooth.
5. The preform according to claim 1, wherein a tooth has on the same level a first negative oversize on a first flank and a second negative oversize on a second flank, wherein the first and the second flank extend asymmetrically in relation to each other.
6. The preform according claim 1, wherein the negative oversize is arranged between a tip area of a tooth and an oversize on the flank of the tooth.
7. The preform according to claim 1, wherein the negative oversize is arranged in a corner area of a tooth root.
8. The preform according to claim 1, wherein a pitch flank of the flank of a tooth is different.
9. The preform according to claim 1, wherein the toothing is an internal toothing.
10. The preform according to claim 1, wherein the preform is for a surface-densified gear.
11. A method for designing a preform for manufacturing a toothing from a sintering material comprising
assigning at least one negative oversize to the preform, wherein the at least one negative oversize is determined by means of iterative calculation, and
filling the at least one oversize, at least in part, by displacement of the sintering material during surface densification of the toothing.
12. The method according to claim 11, wherein oversize material adjacent the negative oversize is displaced into the negative oversize.
13. The method according to claim 11, wherein the preform is surface-densified to yield a final form, wherein the preform is optionally subjected to a hardening andor a surface finishing machining.
14. A computer program product with program code means, which are stored on a computer-readable medium, for carrying out the method according to claim 11 when the program is run on a computer.
15. A machine for calculating andor performing surface densification of a toothing, wherein a calculated kinematics is input, by means of which a negative oversize on a flank of the toothing is smoothed to a desired final contour using surface densification.