1. An erasable ink composition comprising at least a colorant and a colorless resin particle, wherein
an ink viscosity is 100 to 10000 mPa\xb7s measured by an ELD viscometer 3\xb0 by R14 cone, 0.5 rpm at the temperature of 20\xb0 C., and
a minimum film forming temperature (MFT) of the colorless resin particle is not lower than 40\xb0 C. and a glass-transition temperature (Tg) of the colorless resin particle is not lower than 40\xb0 C.
2. An erasable ink composition comprising at least a colorant and a colorless resin particle, wherein
said colorless resin particle has an average particle diameter which is smaller than that of said colorant, and
an ink viscosity is 100 to 10000 mPa\xb7s measured by an ELD viscometer 3\xb0 by R14 cone, 0.5 rpm at the temperature of 20\xb0 C.
3. An erasable ink composition as set forth in claim 2, wherein specific gravity of said colorless resin particle is larger than that of said colorant.
4. An erasable ink composition as set forth in claim 2, wherein said colorless resin particle has an average particle diameter which is larger than that of said colorant and specific gravity of said colorless resin particle is larger than that of said colorant.
5. An erasable ink composition as set forth in claim 2, wherein the content of said colorless resin particle is more than that of said colorant.
6. An erasable ink composition as set forth in claim 1, further comprising a shear thinning viscosity imparting agent and a solvent.
7. An erasable ink composition as set forth in claim 2, wherein an average particle diameter of said colorless resin particle is within the range of 0.1 to 10 \u03bcm.
8. An erasable ink composition as set forth in claim 1, wherein an average particle diameter of said colorant is not less than 2 \u03bcm.
9. An erasable ink composition as set forth in claim 2, wherein a minimum film forming temperature (MFT) of the colorless resin particle is not lower than 40\xb0 C. and a glass-transition temperature (Tg) of the colorless resin particle is not lower than 40\xb0 C.
10. An erasable ink composition as set forth in claim 1, wherein said colorless resin particle is contained in 1 to 30% by weight with respect to the total amount of the ink.
11. An erasable ink composition as set forth in claim 1, wherein said colorant is contained in 1 to 40% by weight with respect to the total amount of the ink.
12. An erasable ink composition as set forth in claim 1, wherein colored andor non-colored flaky particle is contained as said colorant.
13. An erasable ink composition as set forth in claim 12, wherein said flaky particle is contained as a colorant and an average particle diameter of a colorant which comprises said flaky particle is not less than 2 \u03bcm.
14. An erasable ink composition as set forth in claim 12, wherein said flaky particle is at least one species selected from the group consisting of flaky alumina particle and flaky boron nitride.
15. An erasable ink composition as set forth in claim 12, not comprising a colorant other than said flaky particle.
16. An erasable ink composition as set forth in claim 12, wherein an average particle diameter of said flaky particle is within the range of 2 to 10 \u03bcm.
17. An erasable ink composition as set forth in claim 16, wherein the content of said flaky particle whose particle diameter is not greater than 1.8 \u03bcm is 1.6% by weight with respect to said flaky particle.
18. An erasable ink composition as set forth in claim 12, wherein the content of said flaky particle is 0.5 to 50% by weight with respect to the total amount of the ink.
19. An erasable ink composition as set forth in claim 2, comprising a melamine resinsilica compound spherical resin sphere as said colorant colored by dyes having anionic property, wherein an average particle diameter of said resin sphere is 2 to 10 \u03bcm and the content of said resin sphere whose particle diameter is not greater than 2 \u03bcm is not greater than 30% by weight in said resin sphere.
20. An erasable ink composition, comprising a melamine resinsilica compound spherical resin sphere as a colorant colored by dyes having anionic property, wherein an average particle diameter of said resin sphere is 2 to 10 \u03bcm and the content of said resin sphere whose particle diameter is not greater than 2 \u03bcm is not greater than 30% by weight in said resin sphere.
21. An erasable ink composition as set forth in claim 2, further comprising an adhesive resin.
22. An erasable ink composition comprising an adhesive resin and a colorant, wherein a melamine resinsilica compound spherical resin sphere as said colorant is contained as a colorant which is colored by dyes having anionic property, wherein an average particle diameter of said resin sphere is 2 to 10 \u03bcm and the content of said resin sphere whose particle diameter is not greater than 2 \u03bcm is not greater than 30% by weight in said resin sphere.
23. An erasable ink composition as set forth in claim 2, wherein a minimum film forming temperature (MFT) of said colorless resin is not greater than 40\xb0 C. or a glass-transition temperature (Tg) of said colorless resin is not greater than 40\xb0 C.
24. An erasable ink composition as set forth in claim 2, wherein an average particle diameter of said adhesive resin is not greater than 10 \u03bcm.
25. An erasable ink composition as set forth in claim 2, wherein the content of said adhesive resin is 1 to 30% by weight with respect to the total amount of the ink composition.
26. An erasable ink composition as set forth in claim 2, wherein said adhesive resin is at least one species selected from the group consisting of acryl based synthetic resin emulsion, acryl-styrene based synthetic resin emulsion, epoxy based synthetic resin emulsion, urethane based synthetic resin emulsion, silicone based synthetic resin emulsion, acryl based synthetic resin, acryl-styrene based synthetic resin, urethane based synthetic resin, vinyl based synthetic resin, cellulose based synthetic resin, and polyethylene oxide resin.
27. An erasable ink composition as set forth in claim 6, comprising polysaccharide as said shear thinning viscosity imparting agent.
28. An erasable ink composition as set forth in claim 27, wherein said polysaccharide is at least one species selected from the group consisting of xanthane gum, carboxylmethyl cellulose, guar gum, pullulan, rhamsan gum, welan gum, and succinoglycan.
29. An erasable ink composition as set forth in claim 2, wherein said shear thinning viscosity imparting agent is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of metal soaps, sorbitol derivatives, alkyl glutamine acid amides, aliphatic acid amides, polyethylene oxide waxes, dextrin aliphatic acid esters, hydrogenated castor oils, 12-hydroxystearic acid, and polyether ester type surfactant based gelling agent.
30. An erasable ink composition as set forth in claim 27, wherein the content of said shear thinning viscosity imparting agent is 0.01 to 4% by weight with respect to the total amount of the ink composition.
31. An erasable ink composition for writing instruments, wherein the ink set forth in claim 1 is used for the purpose of writing instruments.
32. A writing instrument wherein an aqueous erasable ink composition comprising the following components is contained in an ink containment portion;
(a) a colored andor non-colored flaky particle whose average particle diameter is 2 to 10 \u03bcm, which do not include a colorant other than said flaky particle,
(b) a colorless resin particle whose average particle diameter is 0.1 to 10 \u03bcm,
(c) a shear thinning viscosity imparting agent, and
(d) a solvent.
33. A writing instrument wherein an erasable ink composition comprising the following components in the following content with respect to the total amount of the ink composition and comprising no colorant other than said flaky particle is contained in an ink containment portion;
(a) 0.5 to 50% by weight of colored andor non-colored flaky particle whose average particle diameter is within the range of 2 to 10 \u03bcm,
(b) 1 to 30% by weight of an adhesive resin in which an average particle diameter of the resin particle is not greater than 10 \u03bcm and the minimum film temperature (MFT) is not greater than 40\xb0 C. or glass-transition temperature (Tg) is not greater than 40\xb0 C.,
(c) 0.01 to 20% by weight of a shear thinning viscosity imparting agent selected at least one from xanthane gum, carboxymethyl cellulose, guar gum, pullulan, rhamsan gum, welan gum, and succinoglycan,
(d) 1 to 40% by weight of a water soluble organic solvent, and
(e) remained portion of water.
34. A writing instrument wherein an aqueous erasable ink composition comprising the following components is contained in an ink containment portion;
(a) melamine resinsilica compound spherical resin sphere colored by dyes having anionic property and in which an average particle diameter of said resin sphere is 2 to 10 \u03bcm, and the content of particle diameter of not greater than 2 \u03bcm is not greater than 30% by weight in said resin sphere,
(b) a colorless resin particle whose average particle diameter is 0.1 to 10 \u03bcm,
(c) an adhesive resin,
(d) a shear thinning viscosity imparting agent, and
(e) a solvent.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An apparatus for injecting gas into a metallurgical vessel supporting a metallurgical process, the apparatus comprising
a gas flow duct extending from a rear end to a forward end from which to discharge gas from the duct;
an elongate central structure extending within the gas flow duct from its rear end to its forward end; and
a plurality of flow directing vanes disposed about the central tubular structure adjacent the forward end of the duct to impart swirl to a gas flow through the forward end of the duct; and
wherein the flow directing vanes are formed with internal water flow passages for flow of cooling water internally along each vane and the elongate central structure is formed with a cooling water supply passage for supply of cooling water to the internal water flow passages in the vanes and a water return passage for outflow of cooling water which has passed through the internal water flow passages in the vanes.
2. The apparatus defined in claim 1 wherein each vane has a series of said internal water flow passages extending along the vane and spaced successively from the root of the vane toward its tip.
3. The apparatus defined in claim 2 wherein the flow passages of each vane have end portions connected to water inlets and outlets disposed with end parts of the vane and spaced longitudinally of the vane.
4. The apparatus defined in claim 3 wherein each of the flow passages of the vanes has a constant cross-section for flow throughout its length.
5. The apparatus defined in claim 3 wherein all of the flow passages of each vane have the same flow cross-section.
6. The apparatus defined in claim 1 wherein the water outlets are individually sized to substantially equalise the resistance to flow through all of the internal water flow passages.
7. The apparatus defined in claim 1 wherein the vanes are formed by being cast in metal about individually formed tubes providing the internal water flow passages within the vanes.
8. The apparatus defined in claim 7 wherein the vanes are cast of copper and the tubes are also made of copper.
9. The apparatus defined in claim 8 wherein the cast vanes may be externally electroplated with a hard metal coating, for example of nickel.
10. A direct smelting vessel that is fitted with the apparatus for injecting gas into the vessel defined in claim 1.
11. A gas swirl inducer for mounting in a gas flow duct for imparting swirl to gas flowing therethrough, comprising a central elongate portion and a plurality of swirl vanes disposed about and extending along the central portion, wherein the swirl vanes are formed with internal water flow passages for flow of cooling water internally along each vane, each vane having a series of said internal water flow passages extending along the vane at successively increasing outwards spacing from the root of the vane toward its tip.
12. The gas flow swirl inducer defined in claim 11 wherein the internal water flow passages of each vane have radial end portions connected to water inlets and outlets disposed within end parts of the vane and spaced longitudinally of the vane.
13. A device for imparting swirl to a stream of preheated gas in a lance for supply of such gas to a vessel, said device comprising
an elongate tubular structure;
a plurality of flow directing vanes disposed about the central tubular structure adjacent a forward end of that structure; and
cooling water passages within the tubular structure for flow of cooling water through that structure from a rear end to its forward end to internally cool the forward end and to then return back through the tubular structure to its rear end, said cooling water passages comprising a central water flow passage for flow of water into the forward end of the tubular structure and an annular water flow passage disposed about the central passage for return flow of water from the forward end of the tubular structure back toward the rear end of that structure; and
wherein the flow directing vanes are formed with internal water flow passages for flow of cooling water internally along each vane and communicating with the cooling water passages in the tubular structure.
14. A direct smelting vessel that is fitted with a lance for supply of gas into the vessel and the device for imparting swirl into a stream of the gas defined in claim 13.