1. A child-resistant package that includes:
a container having a finish with at least one external thread, at least one axial lug on a shoulder spaced from said thread and an external abutment on said finish radially adjacent to said lug and axially spaced from said at least one external thread and from said shoulder, and
a closure of integrally molded plastic construction and including:
a base wall, a peripheral outer wall, and an inner wall spaced from said outer wall and having at least one internal thread from securement to the container finish,
said outer wall having diametrically opposed circumferential gaps,
said inner wall extending in radial alignment with said gaps for circumferential abutment with said container lug and having axially extending ribs on an outer surface of said inner wall within said gaps,
said inner wall being flexible inwardly for clearing said lug between said lug and said external abutment bead, and permitting removal of said closure from said container finish.
2. The package set forth in claim 1 wherein said external abutment bead is circumferentially continuous, extending circumferentially around said finish.
3. The package set forth in claim 2 wherein said ribs terminate short of an edge of said inner wall and said closure includes a shelf interconnecting ends of said ribs spaced from said base wall.
4. The package set forth in claim 1 wherein said lug has a concave abutment face for engagement by said inner wall absent inward flexure of said inner wall to clear said lug.
5. The package set forth in claim 1 wherein said external abutment bead is radially inwardly aligned with said lug.
6. The package set forth in claim 5 wherein said external abutment bead is radially inwardly aligned with an upper edge of said lug.
7. The package set forth in claim 6 wherein said external abutment bead includes an external bead extending circumferentially around said finish.
8. A child-resistant package that includes:
a container having a finish with at least one external thread and at least one axial lug on a shoulder spaced from said thread, and
a closure of integrally molded plastic construction and including:
a base wall, a peripheral outer wall, and an inner wall spaced from said outer wall and having at least one internal thread from securement to the container finish,
said outer wall having diametrically opposed circumferential gaps,
said inner wall extending in radial alignment with said gaps for circumferential abutment with said container lug and having axially extending ribs on an outer surface of said inner wall within said gaps,
said ribs having ends spaced from an edge of said inner wall and connected by an arcuate radially outwardly extending shelf,
said inner wall being flexible inwardly for clearing said lug and permitting removal of said closure from said container finish,
wherein said container finish has an external abutment bead radially adjacent to said lug and axially spaced from said at least one external thread and from said shoulder, said inner wall being flexible inwardly for clearing said lug between said lug and said external abutment bead.
9. The package set forth in claim 8 wherein said external abutment bead is circumferentially continuous, extending circumferentially around said finish.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1-35. (canceled)
36. A method for extracorporeal treatment of a fluid comprising the steps of:
manufacturing a filtration device for extracorporeal treatment of a fluid, said fluid being blood or plasma, the filtration device comprising a first internal compartment and a second external compartment separated by a semipermeable membrane mounted in a casing, said first internal compartment being configured to circulate blood or plasma and said second external compartment being configured to circulate filtrate, wherein the semipermeable membrane comprises a bundle of hollow fibres manufactured according to the steps of:
preparing a polymer solution containing a copolymer of acrylonitrile and at least one of an anionic comonomer and an ionizable comonomer,
extruding the prepared polymer solution through a die having two concentric nozzles, a fluid being injected in the internal nozzle to form the lumen of the hollow fiber, thereby forming a gel fiber, and thermomechanically treating the gel fiber leaving the die, and
placing the bundle of hollow fibers in a tubular enclosure secured at both ends by a potting compound for binding the fibers together and for tightly sealing in the tubular enclosure the first internal and second external compartments, the first internal compartment being an inner space between each potting compound and a corresponding end-fitting enclosing a corresponding end of the tubular enclosure and the inner space inside the hollow fibers, the second external compartment being the space between an inner side of the tubular enclosure and an external side of the hollow fibers, wherein the method further comprises the steps of:
coating the external side of the hollow fibers by circulating, in said second external compartment, a polymer solution containing at least one cationic polymer or a mixture of polymers of which at least one polymer is cationic and is a hydrophilic polymer selected from the group comprising a polyamine, a diethylaminoethyldextran, and a polymer and copolymer containing one or several quaternary ammonium groups;
circulating the blood or plasma in the first internal compartment; and
circulating the filtrate in the second external compartment.
37. A method according to claim 36, further comprising the steps of circulating said polymer solution from one end of the second external compartment to another end of the second external compartment and following said circulating,
inverting the circulation direction of the polymer solution inside the second external compartment.
38. A method according to claim 36, further comprising the step of circulating said polymer solution from one end of the second external compartment to another end of the second external compartment, said circulating occurring in only one direction inside the second external compartment.
39. A method according to claim 36, further comprising the step of coating the inner side of the hollow fibers by circulating, in said first internal compartment, a polymer solution containing at least one cationic polymer or a mixture of polymers of which at least one polymer is cationic and is a hydrophilic polymer selected from the group comprising a polyamine, a diethylaminoethyldextran, and a polymer and copolymer containing one or several quaternary ammonium groups.
40. A method according to claim 39, further comprising the steps of circulating said polymer solution from one end of the first internal compartment to another end of the first internal compartment and following said circulating,
inverting the circulation direction inside the first internal compartment.
41. A method according to claim 39, further comprising the step of circulating said polymer solution from one end of the first internal compartment to another end of the first internal compartment, said circulating occurring only in one direction inside the first internal compartment.
42. A method according to claim 36, further comprising the step of heparinizing the semipermeable membrane, said heparinizing including, before use of the filtration device on a machine, pre-heparinizing said membrane, or after mounting the filtration device on a machine, heparinizing said membrane during a rinsing step of said filtration device.
43. A method according to claim 36, further comprising a gamma-ray sterilization step after manufacture of said filtration device.
44. A method according to claim 36, wherein said comonomer comprises units derived from at least another olefinic unsaturated monomer capable of being copolymerized with acrylonitrile.
45. A method according to claim 36, wherein the step of coating the external side of the hollow fibers by circulating a polymer solution consists of only coating the external side of the hollow fibers, the inner side of the hollow fibers not being coated with said polymer solution.
46. A method according to claim 39, wherein the steps of coating the external side and the inner side of the hollow fibers by circulating a polymer solution consists of only coating the external side and inner side of the hollow fibers.
47. A method for extracorporeal treatment of a fluid comprising:
providing a filtration device for extracorporeal treatment of a fluid, said fluid being blood or plasma, the filtration device comprising a first internal compartment and a second external compartment separated by a semipermeable membrane mounted in a casing, said first internal compartment configured to circulate blood or plasma and said second external compartment configured to circulate a filtrate, wherein the semipermeable membrane comprises a plurality of unit elements, each unit element forming a membrane comprising a semipermeable material, said material being negatively charged, wherein each unit element has a first internal face configured to be in direct contact with blood or plasma and a second external face configured to be in contact with filtrate, wherein only said first internal face and said second external face of said element is treated and coated on the surface by at least one cationic polymer, or a mixture of polymers of which at least one polymer is cationic;
circulating the fluid in the first internal compartment; and
circulating the filtrate in the second external compartment.
48. A method according to claim 47, wherein the plurality of unit elements is a bundle of hollow fibres.
49. A method according to claim 47, wherein the first internal compartment is fitted with first and second accesses and the second external compartment is fitted with a first access or both first and second accesses.
50. A method according to claim 47, wherein the first and second compartments are separated by a potting compound, said potting compound providing a tight separation.
51. A method according to claim 47 for treating patients with renal insufficiency, said treatment method comprising at least one from the group of haemodialysis, ultrafiltration, haemofiltration, or haemodiafiltration.
52. A method according to claim 47, for treating patients with renal insufficiency, wherein the treatment is selected among dialysis, ultrafiltration, haemofiltration or haemodiafiltration, therapeutic and non-therapeutic plasmapheresis and apheresis, blood oxygenation, and immunoclearance.
53. A method for delaying occurrence of the contact phase in patients with renal insufficiency treated by at least one of a haemodialysis, ultrafiltration, haemofiltration, or haemodiafiltration, by means of a membrane type exchanger, comprising:
providing a filtration device for extracorporeal treatment of a fluid, said fluid being blood or plasma, comprising a first internal compartment and a second external compartment separated by a semipermeable membrane mounted in a casing, said first internal compartment configured to circulate blood or plasma and said second external compartment configured to circulate a filtrate, wherein the semipermeable membrane comprises a plurality of unit elements, each unit element forming a membrane comprising a semipermeable material, said material being negatively charged, wherein each unit element has a first internal face configured to be in direct contact with blood or plasma and a second external face configured to be in contact with filtrate, wherein only said first internal face and said second external face of said element are treated on the surface by at least one cationic polymer, or a mixture of polymers of which at least one polymer is cationic;
circulating the blood or plasma in the first internal compartment; and
circulating the filtrate in the second external compartment.
54. A method for avoiding the back filtration of endotoxins in patients with renal insufficiency treated by at least one of a haemodialysis, ultrafiltration, haemofiltration or haemodiafiltration by means of a membrane type exchanger, comprising:
providing a filtration device for extracorporeal treatment of a fluid, said fluid being blood or plasma, comprising a first internal compartment and a second external compartment separated by a semipermeable membrane mounted in a casing, said first internal compartment configured to circulate blood or plasma and said second external compartment configured to circulate a filtrate, wherein the semipermeable membrane comprises a plurality of unit elements, each unit element forming a membrane comprising a semipermeable material, said material being negatively charged, wherein each unit element has a first internal face configured to be in direct contact with blood or plasma and a second external face configured to be in contact with filtrate, wherein only said first internal face and said second external face of said element are treated on the surface by at least one cationic polymer, or a mixture of polymers of which at least one polymer is cationic;
circulating the blood or plasma in the first internal compartment; and
circulating the filtrate in the second external compartment.
55. A method for improving heparin absorption by membrane type exchangers to treat patients with renal insufficiency treated by at least one of a haemodialysis, ultrafiltration, haemofiltration or haemodiafiltration, comprising treating and coating by at least one cationic polymer, or a mixture of polymers of which at least one polymer is cationic, an internal compartment and an external compartment of a filtration device for extracorporeal treatment of a fluid, said fluid being blood or plasma, said filtration device comprising a first internal compartment and a second external compartment separated by a semipermeable membrane mounted in a casing, wherein said first internal compartment circulates blood or plasma and said second external compartment circulates a filtrate.
56. A method according to claim 55, wherein the semipermeable membrane comprises a bundle of hollow fibre unit elements.
57. A method for extracorporeal treatment of a fluid comprising the steps of:
manufacturing a filtration device for extracorporeal treatment of a fluid, said fluid being blood or plasma, comprising a first internal compartment and a second external compartment separated by a semipermeable membrane mounted in a casing, said first internal compartment being configured to circulate blood or plasma and said second external compartment being configured to circulate filtrate, wherein the semipermeable membrane comprises sheet film units manufactured according to the steps of:
preparing a polymer solution containing a copolymer of acrylonitrile and at least one of an anionic comonomer and an ionizable comonomer,
extruding said polymer solution, after filtration and degassing of said polymer solution, through a die having the form of a slot on a rotating cylinder; and
coating an external face of said sheet film by atomizing a solution containing at least one cationic polymer being a hydrophilic polymer selected from the group comprising a polyamine, a diethylaminoethyldextran, and a polymer and copolymer containing one or several quaternary ammonium groups,
the external coated faces of the sheet films facing said second external compartment and being configured to contact the filtrate;
circulating the blood or plasma in the first internal compartment; and
circulating the filtrate in the second external compartment.