1. A system for wireless communication comprising:
a ground base station configured to transmit and receive signals on a satellite uplink band with an aircraft transceiver, the ground base station being configured to reduce interference with satellite communications on the satellite uplink band.
2. The system of claim 1, in which the ground base station is further configured to spread transmit power across a frequency band to reduce power spectral density of transmissions.
3. The system of claim 1, in which the ground base station is further configured to direct transmissions away from a geostationary arc of Earth.
4. The system of claim 3, further comprising:
transmit antennas of the ground base station directed away from the geostationary arc.
5. The system of claim 4, further comprising:
receiving antennas of the ground base station directed toward the geostationary arc.
6. The system of claim 5, in which the receiving antennas and transmit antennas are configured as separate antennas.
7. The system of claim 5, in which the receiving antennas and transmit antennas are configured separately by beam forming on a single antenna.
8. The system of claim 1, in which the ground base station is further configured to handoff the aircraft transceiver to another ground base station when the ground base station and aircraft transceiver are aligned with a satellite.
9. A method of avoiding signal degradation in a wireless air to ground communication system, comprising:
monitoring signal strength between a ground base station and an aircraft transceiver communicating in a satellite uplink band;
determining based on the signal strength whether a signal is subject to excessive rain fade according to a predetermined criteria; and
in response to determining that the signal strength is subject to excessive rain fade, handing off the communication from the ground base station to a second ground base station.
10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
returning the communication to the ground base station in response to determining the signal strength is no longer subject to excessive rain fade.
11. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
searching for signals being transmitted from neighboring ground base stations away from a geostationary arc of Earth;
determining a best ground base station with which to communicate based on signal strength; and
in response to determining the best ground base station, establishing communication with the best ground base station.
12. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
controlling transmit power of the ground base station and the aircraft transceiver to use a reduced power for maintaining a communication link while reducing interference with satellite communications.
13. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
estimating a received Signal to Interference plus Noise (SINR) at the ground base station and the aircraft transceiver; and
adjusting data rates of the ground base station and the aircraft transceiver to a highest rate that the transceiver may still correctly decode a signal with a predetermined probability.
14. The method of claim 13, in which a beam of the ground base station is directed toward the aircraft transceiver based upon position location information indicating a location of the aircraft transceiver.
15. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
adjusting a beam of the aircraft transceiver to be directed toward a ground base station serving the aircraft transceiver.
16. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
assigning time slots to system wide control channels on a downlink direction to the aircraft transceiver;
transmitting on a wide beam in the assigned time slots to enable signal strength measurements; and
transmitting data on a narrow beam directed to the aircraft transceiver in other time slots.
17. A system for wireless communication comprising:
an aircraft transceiver in communication with a ground base station, configured to transmit and receive signals on a satellite uplink band while reducing interference with satellite communications on the satellite uplink band.
18. The system of claim 17, in which the aircraft transceiver is further configured to spread transmit power across a frequency band to reduce power spectral density of transmissions.
19. The system of claim 17, in which the aircraft transceiver is further configured to direct transmissions away from a geostationary arc of Earth.
20. The system of claim 19, further comprising:
transmit antennas of the aircraft transceiver directed away from the geostationary arc.
21. The system of claim 20, further comprising:
receiving antennas of the aircraft transceiver directed toward the geostationary arc.
22. The system of claim 21, in which the receiving antennas and transmit antennas are configured as separate antennas.
23. The system of claim 21, in which the receiving antennas and transmit antennas are configured separately by beam forming on a single antenna.
24. The system of claim 17, in which the aircraft transceiver is further configured to handoff to another ground base station when the ground base station and aircraft transceiver are aligned with a satellite.
25. An apparatus for avoiding signal degradation in a wireless air to ground communication system, comprising:
means for monitoring signal strength between a ground base station and an aircraft transceiver communicating in a satellite uplink band;
means for determining based on the signal strength whether the signal is subject to excessive rain fade according to a predetermined criteria; and
means for handing off the communication from the ground base station to a second ground base station in response to determining that the signal strength is subject to excessive rain fade.
26. The apparatus of claim 25, further comprising:
means for returning the communication to the ground base station in response to determining the signal strength is no longer subject to excessive rain fade.
27. The apparatus of claim 25, further comprising:
means for searching for signals being transmitted from neighboring ground base stations away from a geostationary arc of Earth;
means for determining a best ground base station with which to communicate based on signal strength; and
means for establishing communication with the best ground base station in response to determining the best ground base station.
28. The apparatus of claim 25, further comprising:
means for controlling transmit power of the ground base station and the aircraft transceiver to use a reduced power for maintaining a communication link while reducing interference with satellite communications.
29. The apparatus of claim 25, further comprising:
means for estimating a received Signal to Interference plus Noise (SINR) at the ground base station and the aircraft transceiver; and
means for adjusting data rates of the ground base station and the aircraft transceiver to a highest rate that the transceiver may still correctly decode a signal with a predetermined probability.
30. The method of claim 29, in which a beam of the ground base station is directed toward the aircraft transceiver based upon position location information indicating a location of the aircraft transceiver.
31. The apparatus of claim 25, further comprising:
means for adjusting a beam of the aircraft transceiver to be directed toward a ground base station serving the aircraft transceiver.
32. The apparatus of claim 25, further comprising:
means for assigning time slots to system wide control channels on a downlink direction to the aircraft transceiver;
means for transmitting on a wide beam in the assigned time slots to enable signal strength measurements; and
means for transmitting data on a narrow beam directed to the aircraft transceiver in other time slots.
33. A computer program product for wireless communications in a wireless network, comprising:
a computer-readable medium having program code recorded thereon, the program code comprising:
program code to monitor signal strength between a ground base station and an aircraft transceiver communicating in a satellite uplink band;
program code to determine based on the signal strength whether a signal is subject to excessive rain fade according to a predetermined criteria; and
program code to hand off communication from the ground base station to a second ground base station in response to determining that the signal strength is subject to excessive rain fade.
34. An apparatus for wireless communication comprising:
at least one processor; and
a memory coupled to the at least one processor, the at least one processor being configured:
to monitor signal strength between a ground base station and an aircraft transceiver communicating in a satellite uplink band;
to determine based on the signal strength whether a signal is subject to excessive rain fade according to a predetermined criteria; and
to hand off the communication from the ground base station to a second ground base station in response to determining that the signal strength is subject to excessive rain fade.
35. A method for wireless communication comprising:
transmitting and receiving signals by a ground base station on a satellite uplink band with an aircraft transceiver, the ground base station being configured to reduce interference with satellite communications on the satellite uplink band.
36. The method of claim 35, further comprising:
spreading transmit power across a frequency band to reduce power spectral density of transmissions.
37. The method of claim 35, further comprising:
directing transmissions away from a geostationary arc of Earth.
38. The method of claim 37, further comprising:
directing receiving antennas of the ground base station toward the geostationary arc.
39. The method of claim 38, further comprising:
configuring the receiving antennas and transmit antennas as separate antennas.
40. The method of claim 38, further comprising:
configuring the receiving antennas and transmit antennas separately by beam forming on a single antenna.
41. The method of claim 35, further comprising
handing off the aircraft transceiver to another ground base station when the ground base station and aircraft transceiver are aligned with a satellite.
42. An apparatus for wireless communication comprising:
means for transmitting and receiving signals by a ground base station on a satellite uplink band with an aircraft transceiver, the ground base station being configured to reduce interference with satellite communications on the satellite uplink band.
43. An apparatus for wireless communication comprising:
at least one processor; and
a memory coupled to the at least one processor, the at least one processor being configured:
to transmit and receive signals on a satellite uplink band with an aircraft transceiver, the apparatus being configured to reduce interference with satellite communications on the satellite uplink band.
44. A computer program product for wireless communications in a wireless network, comprising:
a computer-readable medium having program code recorded thereon, the program code comprising:
program code to transmit and receive signals on a satellite uplink band with an aircraft transceiver to reduce interference with satellite communications on the satellite uplink band.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1-8. (canceled)
9. A method for plant cultivation, comprising:
placing a medium comprising an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer chip in a container;
adding a culture solution to the container;
sowing a seed or transplanting a seedling;
cultivating plants;
removing the medium from roots; and
using the medium again to cultivate plants.
10. The method according to claim 9, further comprising preparing a bed comprising the medium; and then
transplanting a grown seedling in the bed.
11. The method according to claim 9, wherein an ethylene content of ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer in the ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer chip is from 20 to 60 mol %.
12. The method according to claim 9, wherein a melt flow rate, measured by a method of ASTM D1238 at a temperature of 190\xb0 C. and a load of 2.16 kg, of the ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer in the ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer chip is from 0.1 to 100 g10 minutes.
13. The method according to claim 9, wherein a maximum length of the ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer chip is from 1 to 50 mm.
14. The method according to claim 9, wherein a shape of the ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer chip is approximately a globular shape, approximately a disc shape, approximately a cylinder shape, or a flake shape.
15. The method according to claim 9, wherein a content of the ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer chip is 50% by mass or more.