What is claimed is:
1. A photopolymerizable composition comprising a polymerizable compound having an ethylenic unsaturated bond, a compound represented by the following general formula (I), and a radical generator capable of forming a radical by the action of said compound and said radical generator upon each other:
18
Wherein R1 and R2 each independently represents an aliphatic group or an aromatic group; Y1 and Y2 each independently represents a sulfur atom, an oxygen atom, C(R3)R4, a selenium atom or a tellurium atom, and R3 and R4 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic group or an aromatic group, provided that R3 and R4 are atomic groups which form a ring by bonding with each other; the aliphatic group and the aromatic group are defined in the same way as the aliphatic group and the aromatic group represented by R1 or R2 in the general formula (I); Z1 represents an atomic group forming an aromatic heterocyclic ring or an aromatic ring formed by condensation of heterocyclic rings, wherein the heterocyclic ring may have a substituent; z2 represents an atomic group forming an aromatic ring or a heterocyclic ring, wherein the aromatic ring and the heterocyclic ring each may have a substituent; L1, L2 and L3 each independently represents a methine group which may or may not have a substituent, wherein when L1, L2 and L3 each is a methine group having a substituent, the substituents may bond to form an unsaturated aliphatic ring or an unsaturated heterocyclic ring; n represents 0, 1, 2 or 3; and X represents a group capable of forming an anion.
2. A photopolymerizable composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein a content of said polymerizable compound having an ethylenic unsaturated bond is from 10 to 99% by weight of the total weight of said photopolymerizable composition.
3. A photopolymerizable composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein a content of said compound represented by the general formula (I) is from 0.01 to 5 parts by weight per 1 part by weight of said radical generator.
4. A photopolymerizable composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein said radical generator is an organic boron compound.
5. A photopolymerizable composition as claimed in claim 4, wherein said organic boron compound is a compound represented by the following general formula (A):
19
Wherein Ra1, Ra2, Ra3 and Ra4 each independently represents an aliphatic group, an aromatic group, a heterocyclic group or Si(Ra5)(Ra6)Ra7, wherein Ra5, Ra6 and Ra7 each independently represents an aliphatic group or an aromatic group; and G represents a group capable of forming a cation.
6. A photopolymerizable composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein a content of said radical generator is from 0.01 to 20% by weight of a content of said polymerizable compound having an ethylenic unsaturated bond.
7. A photopolymerizable composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein said photopolymerizable composition further comprises a binder.
8. A photopolymerizable composition as claimed in claim 7, wherein a content of said binder is from 5 to 95% by weight of a total solid content.
9. A recording material comprising a support having thereon a recording layer, said recording layer containing a color forming component A, a color forming component B having a site that causes said coloring agent A to form color upon reacting therewith, and a photopolymerizable composition, said photopolymerizable composition comprising a polymerizable compound having an ethylenic unsaturated bond, a compound represented by the following general formula (I), and a radical generator capable of forming a radical by the action of said compound and said radical generator upon each other:
20
Wherein R1 and R2 each independently represents an aliphatic group or an aromatic group; Y1 and Y2 each independently represents a sulfur atom, an oxygen atom, C(R3)R4, a selenium atom or a tellurium atom; Z1 represents an atomic group forming an aromatic heterocyclic ring or an aromatic ring formed by condensation of heterocyclic rings, wherein the heterocyclic ring may have a substituent; Z2 represents an atomic group forming an aromatic ring or a heterocyclic ring, wherein the aromatic ring and the heterocyclic ring each may have a substituent; L1, L2 and L3 each independently represents a methine group which may or may not have a substituent, wherein when L1, L2 and L3each is a methine group having a substituent, the substituents may bond to form an unsaturated aliphatic ring or an unsaturated heterocyclic ring; n represents 0, 1, 2 or 3; and X represents a group capable of forming an anion.
10. A recording material as claimed in claim 9, wherein a content of said photopolymerizable composition in said recording layer is from 0.1 to 50 gm2.
11. A recording material as claimed in claim 9, wherein at least one of said polymerizable compound having an ethylenic unsaturated bond is said color forming component B.
12. A recording material as claimed in claim 11, wherein said color forming component B is 3-halo-4-hydroxybenzoic acid represented by the following general formula:
21
Wherein X represents a halogen atom, Y represents a monovalent group having a polymerizable ethylene group, and Z represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an alkoxy group.
13. A recording material as claimed in claim 9, wherein said polymerizable compound having an ethylenic unsaturated bond is a coloring suppressing compound having a site that suppresses a reaction between said color forming component A and said color forming component B in the same molecule.
14. A recording material as claimed in claim 13, wherein said recording layer contains heat-responsive microcapsules, and said color forming component A is contained in said microcapsules.
15. A recording material as claimed in claim 9, wherein said recording layer contains heat-responsive microcapsules, and said color forming component A is contained in said microcapsules.
16. A recording material as claimed in claim 9, wherein said color forming component A is an electron donating dye precursor, and the color forming component B is an electron accepting compound.
17. A recording material as claimed in claim 16, wherein a content of said electron donating dye precursor in said recording layer is from 0.05 to 5 gm2.
18. A recording material as claimed in claim 9, wherein said color forming component A is a diazo compound, and the color forming component B is a coupler compound.
19. A recording material as claimed in claim 18, wherein a content of said diazo compound in said recording layer is from 0.02 to 5.0 gm2.
20. A recording material as claimed in claim 9, wherein said recording layer comprises a multi-layer structure comprising a plurality of superposed layers, and said layers are sensitive to light having different center wavelengths and form different colors.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A system comprising:
a substrate; and
a selective light wavelength filter;
wherein the selective light wavelength filter selectively blocks between 5 and 50% of light in a range of blue light wavelengths that includes 430 nm and blocks less light outside the range than within the range;
wherein the system comprises any one of, or some combination of: a window, automotive glass, a light bulb, a flash bulb, fluorescent lighting, LED lighting, instrumentation, a display system, a television, or a computer monitor; and
wherein the system exhibits a yellowness index of no more than 15.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the selective light wavelength filter comprises a dye or pigment.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the selective light wavelength filter is integral with the substrate.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the selective light wavelength filter comprises a film disposed on the substrate.
5. The system of claim 4, wherein the film comprises an anti-reflective, hydrophobic, or scratch resistant coating disposed on the substrate.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein the selective light wavelength filter comprises a visibility tint.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein the selective light wavelength filter comprises a matrix of a light bulb or tube.
8. The system of claim 1, wherein at least 80% of other portions of the visual electromagnetic spectrum are transmitted by the system.
9. The system of claim 1, wherein at least 85% of other portions of the visual electromagnetic spectrum are transmitted by the system.
10. The system of claim 1, wherein at least 90% of other portions of the visual electromagnetic spectrum are transmitted by the system.
11. The system of claim 1, wherein at least 95% of other portions of the visual electromagnetic spectrum are transmitted by the system.
12. The system of claim 1, wherein the selective light wavelength filter comprises a dye, and wherein the dye has an absorption spectrum having a Soret band.
13. The ophthalmic system of claim 1, wherein the selective light wavelength filter comprises a pigment, and wherein the pigment comprises a synthetic or non-synthetic melanin, lutein, or zeaxanthin.
14. The system of claim 1, further comprising UVA and UVB blocking.
15. The system of claim 1, further comprising infra-red radiation blocking.
16. The system of claim 1, wherein the system has a photopic luminous transmission of at least about 85%.
17. The system of claim 16, wherein the system has a phototoxicity ratio of less than about 80%.
18. The system of claim 16, wherein the system has a phototoxicity ratio of less than about 70%.
19. The system of claim 16, wherein the system has a phototoxicity ratio of less than about 60%.
20. The system of claim 16, wherein the ophthalmic system has a phototoxicty ratio of less than about 50%.
21. The system of claim 1, wherein the system exhibits a yellowness index of no more than 10.
22. The system of claim 1, wherein the system exhibits a yellowness index of no more than 9.
23. The system of claim 1, wherein the system exhibits a yellowness index of no more than 7.
24. The system of claim 1, wherein the system exhibits a yellowness index of no more than 5.
25. The system of claim 1, wherein the range is between 400-460 nm.
26. The system of claim 1, wherein the range is between 420-440 nm.
27. The system of claim 1, wherein the range is between 410-450 nm.
28. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is automotive glass.
29. The system of claim 28, wherein the automotive glass is an automotive windshield.
30. The system of claim 4, wherein the film comprises Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA).
31. The system of claim 4, wherein the film comprises Polyvinyl Butyral (PVB).
32. The system of claim 31, wherein the system is automotive glass.
33. The system of claim 1, wherein the size of the blocked range of blue light wavelengths has a full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of less than about 30 nm, about 20 nm, about 10 nm, or about 5 nm.
34. The system of claim 1, wherein the selective light wavelength filter comprises a rugate filter.