1. A variable focal length lens comprising:
a first group optical system having a negative refracting power, a second group optical system having a positive refracting power, and a third group optical system having a positive refracting power, wherein the first through the third group optical systems are sequentially arranged from an object side; and
a stop provided on the object side of the second group optical system and that moves integrally with the second group optical system, wherein
a focal length is changed by changing distances between the first through the third group optical systems and when performing focusing the third group optical system is moved along an optical axis,
the first group optical system includes a negative meniscus lens, a negative meniscus lens, and a positive lens those are sequentially arranged from the object side, at least one surface of the two negative meniscus lenses being an aspherical surface,
the second group optical system includes a cemented lens of a positive lens and a negative lens, a positive lens, and a positive lens those are sequentially arranged from the object side, a surface on the object side of the positive lens on the most object side being an aspherical surface, and
the third group optical system includes one positive lens not including an aspherical surface.
2. The variable focal length lens according to claim 1,
wherein the positive lens of the third group optical system is a positive meniscus lens.
3. The variable focal length lens according to claim 2,
wherein when R1 is a radius of curvature a surface on an object side of the positive lens of the third group optical system, and R2 is a radius of curvature of a surface on an image side of the positive lens of the third group optical system, then the relation
\u22120.75<{(R1\u2212R2)(R1+R2)}<\u22120.65
holds true.
4. The variable focal length lens according to claim 1,
wherein when D23w is a distance between the second group optical system and the third group optical system at the wide-angle end, fw is a focal length of all the systems at the wide-angle end, and f3 is a focal length of the third group optical system, then the relation
1.5<{(D23w\xd7f3)fw2}<2.5
holds true.
5. A variable focal length lens comprising:
a first group optical system having a negative refracting power, a second group optical system having a positive refracting power, and a third group optical system having a positive refracting power, wherein the first through the third group optical systems are sequentially arranged from an object side; and
a stop provided on the object side of the second group optical system and that moves integrally with the second group optical system, wherein
a focal length is changed by changing relative distances between the first through the third group optical systems and when performing focusing the third group optical system is moved along an optical axis,
the first group optical system includes a negative meniscus lens, a negative meniscus lens, and a positive lens those are sequentially arranged from the object side,
the second group optical system includes a cemented lens of a positive lens and a negative lens, a positive lens, and a positive lens those are sequentially arranged from the object side,
the third group optical system includes one positive lens,
at least one surface of the negative meniscus lens in the first group optical system and a surface on the most object side in the second group optical system being aspherical surfaces, and
the third group optical system includes only a spherical lens.
6. The variable focal length lens according to claim 5, wherein the positive lens of the third group optical system is a positive meniscus lens.
7. The variable focal length lens according to claim 6, wherein
when R1 is a radius of curvature a surface on an object side of the positive lens of the third group optical system, and R2 is a radius of curvature of a surface on an image side of the positive lens of the third group optical system, then the relation
\u22120.75<{(R1\u2212R2)(R1+R2)}<\u22120.65
holds true.
8. The variable focal length lens according to claim 5, wherein
when D23w is a distance between the second group optical system and the third group optical system at the wide-angle end, fw is a focal length of all the systems at the wide-angle end, and f3 is a focal length of the third group optical system, then the relation
1.5<{(D23w\xd7f3)fw2}<2.5
holds true.
9. A photographing lens unit comprising a variable focal length lens as an optical system, the variable focal length lens including
a first group optical system having a negative refracting power, a second group optical system having a positive refracting power, and a third group optical system having a positive refracting power, wherein the first through the third group optical systems are sequentially arranged from an object side; and
a stop provided on the object side of the second group optical system and that moves integrally with the second group optical system, wherein
a focal length is changed by changing distances between the first through the third group optical systems and when performing focusing the third group optical system is moved along an optical axis,
the first group optical system includes a negative meniscus lens, a negative meniscus lens, and a positive lens those are sequentially arranged from the object side, at least one surface of the two negative meniscus lenses being an aspherical surface,
the second group optical system includes a cemented lens of a positive lens and a negative lens, a positive lens, and a positive lens those are sequentially arranged from the object side, a surface on the object side of the positive lens on the most object side being an aspherical surface, and
the third group optical system includes one positive lens not including an aspherical surface.
10. A photographing lens unit comprising a variable focal length lens as an optical system, the variable focal length lens including
a first group optical system having a negative refracting power, a second group optical system having a positive refracting power, and a third group optical system having a positive refracting power, wherein the first through the third group optical systems are sequentially arranged from an object side; and
a stop provided on the object side of the second group optical system and that moves integrally with the second group optical system, wherein
a focal length is changed by changing relative distances between the first through the third group optical systems and when performing focusing the third group optical system is moved along an optical axis,
the first group optical system includes a negative meniscus lens, a negative meniscus lens, and a positive lens those are sequentially arranged from the object side,
the second group optical system includes a cemented lens of a positive lens and a negative lens, a positive lens, and a positive lens those are sequentially arranged from the object side,
the third group optical system includes one positive lens,
at least one surface of the negative meniscus lens in the first group optical system and a surface on the most object side in the second group optical system being aspherical surfaces, and
the third group optical system includes only a spherical lens.
11. A camera comprising a variable focal length lens as a photographing optical system, the variable focal length lens including
a first group optical system having a negative refracting power, a second group optical system having a positive refracting power, and a third group optical system having a positive refracting power, wherein the first through the third group optical systems are sequentially arranged from an object side; and
a stop provided on the object side of the second group optical system and that moves integrally with the second group optical system, wherein
a focal length is changed by changing distances between the first through the third group optical systems and when performing focusing the third group optical system is moved along an optical axis,
the first group optical system includes a negative meniscus lens, a negative meniscus lens, and a positive lens those are sequentially arranged from the object side, at least one surface of the two negative meniscus lenses being an aspherical surface,
the second group optical system includes a cemented lens of a positive lens and a negative lens, a positive lens, and a positive lens those are sequentially arranged from the object side, a surface on the object side of the positive lens on the most object side being an aspherical surface, and
the third group optical system includes one positive lens not including an aspherical surface.
12. A camera comprising a variable focal length lens as a photographing optical system, the variable focal length lens including
a first group optical system having a negative refracting power, a second group optical system having a positive refracting power, and a third group optical system having a positive refracting power, wherein the first through the third group optical systems are sequentially arranged from an object side; and
a stop provided on the object side of the second group optical system and that moves integrally with the second group optical system, wherein
a focal length is changed by changing relative distances between the first through the third group optical systems and when performing focusing the third group optical system is moved along an optical axis,
the first group optical system includes a negative meniscus lens, a negative meniscus lens, and a positive lens those are sequentially arranged from the object side,
the second group optical system includes a cemented lens of a positive lens and a negative lens, a positive lens, and a positive lens those are sequentially arranged from the object side,
the third group optical system includes one positive lens,
at least one surface of the negative meniscus lens in the first group optical system and a surface on the most object side in the second group optical system being aspherical surfaces, and
the third group optical system includes only a spherical lens.
13. A portable information terminal device comprising a variable focal length lens as a photographing optical system of a camera function unit, the variable focal length lens including
a first group optical system having a negative refracting power, a second group optical system having a positive refracting power, and a third group optical system having a positive refracting power, wherein the first through the third group optical systems are sequentially arranged from an object side; and
a stop provided on the object side of the second group optical system and that moves integrally with the second group optical system, wherein
a focal length is changed by changing distances between the first through the third group optical systems and when performing focusing the third group optical system is moved along an optical axis,
the first group optical system includes a negative meniscus lens, a negative meniscus lens, and a positive lens those are sequentially arranged from the object side, at least one surface of the two negative meniscus lenses being an aspherical surface,
the second group optical system includes a cemented lens of a positive lens and a negative lens, a positive lens, and a positive lens those are sequentially arranged from the object side, a surface on the object side of the positive lens on the most object side being an aspherical surface, and
the third group optical system includes one positive lens not including an aspherical surface.
14. A portable information terminal device comprising a variable focal length lens as a photographing optical system of a camera function unit, the variable focal length lens including
a first group optical system having a negative refracting power, a second group optical system having a positive refracting power, and a third group optical system having a positive refracting power, wherein the first through the third group optical systems are sequentially arranged from an object side; and
a stop provided on the object side of the second group optical system and that moves integrally with the second group optical system, wherein
a focal length is changed by changing relative distances between the first through the third group optical systems and when performing focusing the third group optical system is moved along an optical axis,
the first group optical system includes a negative meniscus lens, a negative meniscus lens, and a positive lens those are sequentially arranged from the object side,
the second group optical system includes a cemented lens of a positive lens and a negative lens, a positive lens, and a positive lens those are sequentially arranged from the object side,
the third group optical system includes one positive lens,
at least one surface of the negative meniscus lens in the first group optical system and a surface on the most object side in the second group optical system being aspherical surfaces, and
the third group optical system includes only a spherical lens.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A moisture curable silicon-containing resin composition comprising:
a) at least one silicon-containing resin selected from the group consisting of a diorganopolysiloxane wherein the silicon atom at each polymer chain end of said diorganopolysiloxane is silanol terminated and a silylated resin;
b) at least one functionalized silica;
c) at least one catalyst;
d) at least one crosslinker; and, optionally,
e) at least one additional component selected from the group consisting of alkyl-terminated diorganopolysiloxane, filler, UV stabilizer, antioxidant, adhesion promoter, cure accelerator, thixotropic agent, plasticizer, polymer endcapping catalyst, moisture scavenger, pigment, dye, surfactant, solvent and biocide.
2. The silicon-containing resin composition of claim 1 wherein the silylated resin is a silylated polyether.
3. The silicon-containing resin composition of claim 1 wherein the silylated resin is a silylated polyether diol.
4. The silicon-containing resin composition of claim 1 wherein the silylated resin is a silylated polyurethane.
5. The silicon-containing resin composition of claim 1 wherein the silylated resin is a silylated polyurethane obtained from a polyether diol and a diisocyanate.
6. The silicon-containing resin composition of claim 1 wherein the silylated resin is a silylated polyurethane obtained from the reaction of hydroxyl-terminated polyether polyol and isocyanatosilane.
7. The silicon-containing resin composition of claim 1 wherein the silylated resin is a silylated polyurethane obtained from the reaction of an isocyanato-terminated polyether polyol and aminosilane.
8. The silicon-containing resin composition of claim 1 wherein the diorganopolysiloxane has the general formula:
MaDbD\u2032c
wherein subscript a=2 and b is equal to or greater than 1 and subscript c is zero or positive;
M=(HO)3-x-yR7xR8ySiO12;
wherein x equals 0, 1 or 2, y is either 0 or 1, with the proviso that x+y is less than or equal to 2, R7 and R8 are independent monovalent hydrocarbon radicals containing from 1 to about 60 carbon atoms;
D=R9R10SiO12;
R9 and R10 are independent monovalent hydrocarbon radicals containing from 1 to about 60 carbon atoms; and,
D\u2032=R11R12SiO22;
R11 and R12 are independent monovalent hydrocarbon radicals containing from 1 to about 60 carbon atoms.
9. The silicon-containing resin composition of claim 1 wherein the at least one catalyst is a condensation andor crosslinking catalyst.
10. The silicon-containing composition of claim 9 wherein the catalyst is at least one selected from the group consisting of metal condensation catalysts and non-metal condensation catalysts.
11. The silicon-containing composition of claim 10 wherein the metal condensation catalyst is at least one selected from the group consisting of tin, titanium, zirconium, lead, iron, cobalt, antimony, manganese, bismuth and zinc compounds.
12. The silicon-containing resin composition of claim 1 wherein the functionalized silica is obtained by the process comprising:
i) mixing an aqueous alcoholic solution and a catalyst with a first portion of a first organosilicon functionalizing agent to form a first reaction mixture;
ii) reacting said first reaction mixture with a tetraalkoxysilane at a controlled rate to form a second reaction mixture comprising a sol gel silica; and
iii) further reacting said second reaction mixture with a mixture of a second portion of said first organosilicon functionalizing agent and a second organosilicon functionalizing agent to functionalize the sol gel silica to form said functionalized silica.
13. The silicon-containing resin composition of claim 12 wherein the functionalized silica further comprises adding a solvent, thereby forming a suspension comprising said functionalized silica.
14. The silicon-containing resin composition of claim 12 wherein said first organosilicon functionalizing agent comprises an organosilazane, and said catalyst comprises a base catalyst or a neutral catalyst.
15. The silicon-containing resin composition of claim 14 wherein said organosilazane comprises a hexaalkyldisilazane.
16. The silicon-containing resin composition of claim 14 wherein said catalyst comprises a base catalyst.
17. The silicon-containing resin composition of claim 15 wherein said hexaalkyldisilazane comprises hexamethyldisilazane.
18. The silicon-containing resin composition of claim 12 wherein said first organosilicon functionalizing agent comprises a halosilane, and said catalyst is an acid catalyst or a neutral catalyst.
19. The silicon-containing resin composition of claim 12 wherein said second organosilicon functionalizing agent comprises at least one alkenyl group.
20. The silicon-containing resin composition of claim 19 wherein said second organosilicon functionalizing agent comprises a (dialkenyl)disilazane.
21. The silicon-containing resin composition of claim 20 wherein said (dialkenyl)disilazane comprises a dialkenyl(tetraalkyl)disilazane.
22. The silicon-containing resin composition of claim 21 wherein said dialkenyl(tetraalkyl)disilazane comprises divinyl(tetramethyl)disilazane.
23. The silicon-containing resin composition of claim 12 wherein said second organosilicon functionalizing agent comprises a (alkenyl)halosilane, and said catalyst is an acid catalyst or a neutral catalyst.
24. The silicon-containing resin composition of claim 12 wherein said first portion and said second portion of said first organosilicon functionalizing agent are employed in a relative mole ratio of from about 1:0.5 to about 1:1, respectively.
25. The silicon-containing resin composition of claim 12 wherein said tetraalkoxysilane and said first portion of said first organosilicon functionalizing agent are in a relative mole ratio of from 1:0.2 to about 1:0.6, respectively.
26. The silicon-containing resin composition of claim 1 wherein the diorganopolysiloxane is present in an amount ranges from about 5 weight percent to about 95 weight percent of the total composition.
27. The silicon-containing resin composition of claim 1 wherein the diorganopolysiloxane is present in an amount that ranges from about 35 weight percent to about 85 weight percent of the total composition.
28. The silicon-containing resin composition of claim 1 wherein the diorganopolysiloxane is present in an amount that ranges from about 50 weight percent to about 70 weight percent of the total composition.
29. The silicon-containing resin composition of claim 1 wherein the silylated resin is present in an amount that ranges from about 5 weight percent to about 95 weight percent of the total composition.
30. The silicon-containing resin composition of claim 1 wherein the silylated resin is present in an amount that ranges from about 35 weight percent to about 85 weight percent of the total composition.
31. The silicon-containing resin composition of claim 1 wherein the functionalized silica is present in an amount that ranges from about 5 to about 80 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the total silicon-containing resin composition.
32. The silicon-containing resin composition of claim 1 wherein the functionalized silica is present in an amount that ranges from about 10 to about 30 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the total silicon-containing resin composition.
33. A process for preparing silica-filled moisture curable silicon-containing resin which comprises:
a) combing a functionalized silica prepared by the process comprising:
i) mixing an aqueous alcoholic solution and a catalyst with a first portion of a first organosilicon functionalizing agent to form a first reaction mixture;
ii) reacting said first reaction mixture with a tetraalkoxysilane at a controlled rate to form a second reaction mixture comprising a sol gel silica; and
iii) further reacting said second reaction mixture with a mixture of a second portion of said first organosilicon functionalizing agent and a second organosilicon functionalizing agent to functionalize the sol gel silica to form said functionalized silica; with
b) at least one silicon-containing resin selected from the group consisting of a diorganopolysiloxane wherein the silicon atom at each polymer chain end of said diorganopolysiloxane is silanol terminated and a silylated resin.
34. The cured composition of claim 1.
35. The cured composition of claim 34 wherein the transmittance of a sheet of the cured composition made as per ASTM test D412 is greater than 40 percent.
36. The cured composition of claim 34 wherein the transmittance of a sheet of the cured composition made as per ASTM test D412 is greater than 60 percent.
37. A sealant comprising the silicon-containing resin composition of claim 1.
38. An adhesive comprising the silicon-containing resin composition of claim 1.
39. The cured composition resulting from the process of claim 33.
40. A sealant prepared by the process of claim 33.
41. An adhesive prepared by the process of claim 33.