1. A method of manufacturing a Light Emitting Diode (LED), comprising:
forming a conductive sheet that has at least an aperture and at least a pair of flanges which extend into said aperture;
attaching a tape to a first side of said conductive sheet;
attaching a junction of a LED die to a second side of said conductive sheet on one of said pair of flanges;
connecting a conductor from the other one of said pair of flanges to an alternate junction of said LED die;
encapsulating said LED die, said conductor, and said pair of flanges to form the Led:
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising
detaching said tape from said conductive sheet; and
separating the conductive sheet from the LED at the flanges.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step encapsulating further comprises the step of applying to the second side of the conductive sheet a clear molding compound which is constrained by said tape, wherein the clear molding compound is applied using a transfer molding process.
4. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the step of separating further comprises the step of applying a force that is transmitted to the flanges to separate said flanges from said conductive sheet.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of forming further comprises the step of chemically etching a copper foil to form said conductive sheet with the aperture and the pair of flanges.
6. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of applying a conductive material to said conductive sheet to assist in attaching said LED die to said first flange
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the step attaching further comprises the step of supplying and receiving said conductive sheet and said tape from a reel-to-reel production line.
8. The method of claim 7, further comprising the step of applying a second conductive material to said conductive sheet and said alternate junction, prior to the step of attaching, to assist in the attaching of said conductor.
9. A light emitting diode (LED), comprising:
a LED p-n junction having a first and a second junction;
a pair of electrically conductive heat dissipating flanges, a first flange of the pair of electrically conductive flanges being attached to said first junction of said LED p-n junction;
a conductor connecting said second junction of the LED p-n junction to a second flange of the pair of flanges; and
an encapsulant sealing said LED p-n junction and said conductor.
10. The LED of claim 9, wherein the flanges are formed by chemically etching a copper foil.
11. The LED of claim 9, wherein the flanges are further coated with a conductive material to assist in attaching said LED die to said first flange.
12. The LED of claim 9, wherein a second conductive material is applied to said second flange and said second junction to assist in the attaching of said conductor to the second junction and the second flange.
13. An LED apparatus manufactured by a method that comprises the steps of:
forming a conductive sheet that has at least an aperture and at least a pair of flanges which extend into said aperture;
attaching a tape to a first side of said conductive sheet;
attaching a junction of a LED die to a second side of said conductive sheet on one of said pair of flanges;
connecting a conductor from the other one of said pair of flanges to an alternate junction of said LED die;
encapsulating said LED die, said conductor, and said pair of flanges to form the LED.
14. The LED apparatus of claim 13, further comprising
detaching said tape from said conductive sheet; and
separating the conductive sheet from the LED at the flanges.
15. The LED apparatus of claim 13, wherein the step encapsulating further comprises the step of applying to the second side of the conductive sheet a clear molding compound which is constrained by said tape, wherein the clear molding compound is applied using a transfer molding process.
16. The LED apparatus of claim 14, wherein the step of separating further comprises the step of applying a force that is transmitted to the flanges to separate said flanges from said conductive sheet.
17. The LED apparatus of claim 13, wherein the step of forming further comprises the step of chemically etching a copper foil to form said conductive sheet with the aperture and the pair of flanges.
18. The LED apparatus of claim 13, wherein the steps further comprise the step of applying a second conductive material to said conductive sheet and said alternate junction, prior to the step of attaching, to assist in the attaching of said conductor.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method of enabling and disabling cache bypass in a computer system with a cache hierarchy, said method comprising the steps of:
providing an identifying arrangement for identifying cache bypass status with respect to at least one cache line;
providing a transferring arrangement which is adapted to:
transfer a cache line identified as cache bypass enabled to one or more higher level caches of the cache hierarchy, whereby a next higher level cache in the cache hierarchy is bypassed; and
transfer a cache line identified as cache bypass disabled to one or more higher level caches of the cache hierarchy, whereby a next higher level cache in the cache hierarchy is not bypassed; and
selectively enabling or disabling cache bypass with respect to at least one cache line based on historical cache access information.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein said step of selectively enabling or disabling comprises enabling cache bypass responsive to determining that a cache line is not re-referenced at a given single level of the cache hierarchy.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein said step of selectively enabling or disabling comprises enabling cache bypass for a first cache line responsive to determining that the first cache line has replaced a second cache line that was re-referenced prior to the first cache line being re-referenced.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein said step of selectively enabling or disabling comprises disabling cache bypass responsive to determining, for a given cache line, that the cache line would have been referenced in the next higher level cache if cache bypass had not been enabled for the given cache line.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein said step of selectively enabling and disabling comprises applying a threshold to determine when to disable cache bypass for a given cache line that is bypass-enabled.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein said step of applying a threshold comprises:
storing a miss counter for each line of a cache;
initializing the miss counter to zero;
incrementing the miss counter responsive to misses in the corresponding line; and
disabling cache bypass when the miss counter is incremented to a predetermined threshold.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein said step of selectively enabling and disabling comprises employing recency information to determine when to disable cache bypass for a given cache line that is bypass-enabled.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein said step of employing recency information comprises disabling cache bypass for a most recently used cache line.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein said step of selectively enabling and disabling comprises applying a threshold to determine when to enable cache bypass for a given cache line that is bypass-disabled.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein said step of applying a threshold comprises:
storing a bypass counter for each line of a cache;
initializing the bypass counter to zero;
incrementing the bypass counter responsive to instances of no re-use in the corresponding line; and
enabling cache bypass when the bypass counter is incremented to a predetermined threshold.
11. A system comprising:
a cache hierarchy;
a plurality of cache lines associated with said cache hierarchy;
an identifying arrangement for identifying cache bypass status with respect to at least one cache line;
a transferring arrangement which is adapted to:
transfer a cache line identified as cache bypass enabled to one or more higher level caches of said cache hierarchy, whereby a next higher level cache in the cache hierarchy is bypassed; and
transfer a cache line identified as cache bypass disabled to one or more higher level caches of said cache hierarchy, whereby a next higher level cache in the cache hierarchy is not bypassed; and
an arrangement for selectively enabling or disabling cache bypass with respect to at least one cache line based on historical cache access information.
12. The system according to claim 11, wherein said arrangement for selectively enabling or disabling comprises enabling cache bypass responsive to determining that a cache line is not re-referenced at a given single level of said cache hierarchy.
13. The system according to claim 11, wherein said arrangement for selectively enabling or disabling is adapted to enable cache bypass for a first cache line responsive to determining that the first cache line has replaced a second cache line that was re-referenced prior to the first cache line being re-referenced.
14. The system according to claim 11, wherein said arrangement for selectively enabling or disabling is adapted to disable cache bypass responsive to determining, for a given cache line, that the cache line would have been referenced in the next higher level cache if cache bypass had not been enabled for the given cache line.
15. The method according to claim 11, wherein said arrangement for selectively enabling and disabling is adapted to apply a threshold to determine when to disable cache bypass for a given cache line that is bypass-enabled.
16. The system according to claim 15, wherein said arrangement for selectively enabling and disabling is adapted to:
store a miss counter for each line of a cache;
initialize the miss counter to zero;
increment the miss counter responsive to misses in the corresponding line; and
disable cache bypass when the miss counter is incremented to a predetermined threshold.
17. The system according to claim 11, wherein said arrangement for selectively enabling and disabling is adapted to employ recency information to determine when to disable cache bypass for a given cache line that is bypass-enabled.
18. The system according to claim 17, wherein said arrangement for enabling and disabling is adapted to disable cache bypass for a most recently used cache line.
19. The system according to claim 11, wherein said arrangement for selectively enabling and disabling is adapted to apply a threshold to determine when to enable cache bypass for a given cache line that is bypass-disabled.
20. The system according to claim 19, wherein said arrangement for selectively enabling and disabling is adapted to:
store a bypass counter for each line of a cache;
initialize the bypass counter to zero;
increment the bypass counter responsive to instances of no re-use in the corresponding line; and
enable cache bypass when the bypass counter is incremented to a predetermined threshold.
21. A program storage device readable by machine, tangibly embodying a program of instructions executable by the machine to perform method steps for enabling and disabling cache bypass in a computer system with a cache hierarchy, said method comprising the steps of:
providing an identifying arrangement for identifying cache bypass status with respect to at least one cache line;
providing a transferring arrangement which is adapted to:
transfer a cache line identified as cache bypass enabled to one or more higher level caches of the cache hierarchy, whereby a next higher level cache in the cache hierarchy is bypassed; and
transfer a cache line identified as cache bypass disabled to one or more higher level caches of the cache hierarchy, whereby a next higher level cache in the cache hierarchy is not bypassed; and
selectively enabling or disabling cache bypass with respect to at least one cache line based on historical cache access information.