What is claimed is:
1. A measurement chip for a biosensor comprising a metal surface or a metal membrane which was treated with a compound represented by the following formula I:
X-A-YFormula I:
wherein X represents a heterocyclic group comprising a Z-Z bond in a ring thereof
wherein Z represents S, Se or P;
A represents a divalent linking group selected from an aliphatic group, an aromatic group, a heterocyclic group or a combination thereof; and
Y represents a functional group capable of covalently binding to a physiologically active substance.
2. The measurement chip for a biosensor according to claim 1, wherein, in formula I, X is a heterocyclic group having the following structure:
6
wherein
Z represents S, Se or P; and
m and n independently represent an integer of 0 or more.
3. The measurement chip for a biosensor according to claim 1, wherein, in formula I, X represents a 1,2-dithiolane group.
4. The measurement chip for a biosensor according to claim 1, wherein, in formula I, Y represents OH, COOH, NH2, CHO, NHNH2, NCS, an epoxy group or a vinyl group.
5. The measurement chip for a biosensor according to claim 1, wherein, said compound represented by formula I is lipoic acid having the following structure:
7
6. The measurement chip for a biosensor according to claim 1, wherein, a physiologically active substance is bound to a compound represented by formula I.
7. The measurement chip for a biosensor according to claim 6, wherein said physiologically active substance is an immune protein, enzyme, microorganism, nucleic acid, low molecular organic compound, non-immune protein, immunoglobulin binding-protein, sugar-binding protein, sugar chain recognizing sugar, fatty acid or fatty acid ester, or polypeptide or oligopeptide capable of binding to a ligand.
8. A biosensor comprising the measurement chip for a biosensor according to claim 1.
9. A method for detecting andor measuring a substance which interacts with a physiologically active substance, using the measurement chip for a biosensor according to claim 1 or the biosensor according to claim 8, wherein said physiologically active substance is immobilized to said measurement chip for a biosensor.
10. A method for immobilizing a physiologically active substance to a metal surface or a metal membrane, which comprises the steps of treating said metal surface or said metal membrane with a compound represented by the following formula I:
X-A-YFormula I:
wherein X represents a heterocyclic group comprising a Z-Z bond in a ring thereof
wherein Z represents S, Se or P;
A represents a divalent linking group selected from an aliphatic group, an aromatic group, a heterocyclic group or a combination thereof; and
Y represents a functional group capable of covalently binding to the physiologically active substance, and
binding said physiologically active substance to said compound of said formula I directly or via a crosslinking compound.
11. The method for immobilizing a physiologically active substance according to claim 10, wherein, in formula I, X represents a heterocyclic group having the following structure:
8
wherein
Z represents S, Se or P; and
m and n independently represent an integer of 0 or more.
12. The method for immobilizing a physiologically active substance according to claim 10, wherein, in formula I, X represents a 1,2-dithiolane group.
13. The method for immobilizing a physiologically active substance according to claim 10, wherein, in formula I, Y represents OH, COOH, NH2, CHO, NHNH2, NCS, an epoxy group or a vinyl group.
14. The method for immobilizing a physiologically active substance according to claim 10, wherein, said compound represented by formula I is lipoic acid having the following structure:
9
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method of executing an application on an electronic device, the method comprising:
receiving an input command from an input mechanism associated with the electronic device;
determining whether the input command is a command to execute an archived application, the archived application being stored in a storage memory;
if the input command is a command to execute the archived application, automatically installing the archived application to application memory; and
automatically executing the installed application after the application is installed to the application memory.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising,
prior to receiving the input command to execute the archived application, displaying a graphical user interface screen on a display screen associated with the device, the graphical user interface screen including at least one local application interface element associated with a local application stored in the application memory and at least one remote application interface element associated with the archived application stored in the storage memory;
after receiving the input command, determining whether the input command is a command to execute the local application and if so, executing the associated application directly from an application memory.
3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
after executing the installed application, receiving an input command from the input mechanism associated with the device to exit the application; and
in response to receiving the input command to exit the application, exiting the application and removing the application from the application memory.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein installing the application comprises copying an application file to the application memory.
5. The method of claim 2 further comprising, prior to displaying the graphical user interface screen on the display screen:
receiving a request to archive an application; and
in response to receiving the request to archive the application, storing an application in the storage memory and modifying the graphical user interface screen to include the remote application interface element.
6. The method of claim 5, further comprising, prior to receiving the request to archive the application:
monitoring free space in the application memory; and
displaying, on the display screen, a suggestion to archive applications if the amount of free space in the application memory falls below a predetermined threshold.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the storage memory is removable memory.
8. The method of claim 5, further comprising, prior to receiving the request to archive the application:
receiving a request to install the application;
determining if the amount of application memory is sufficient for installation of the application to application memory; and
if the amount of application memory is not sufficient, suggesting the application be archived.
9. The method of claim 2, further comprising, prior to displaying the graphical user interface screen on the device:
determining if the amount of application memory is sufficient for installation of the application to application memory; and
if the amount of application memory is not sufficient, automatically archiving the application,
wherein automatically archiving the application comprises: storing an application file in the storage memory, and modifying the graphical user interface screen to include the remote application interface element, and associating the remote application interface element with the application having the application file in the storage memory.
10. The method of claim 9, further comprising, prior to determining if the amount of application memory is sufficient:
receiving a request to download the application from an application server.
11. The method of claim 2, wherein the remote application interface element and the local application interface element are icons.
12. A mobile electronic device comprising:
an application memory;
a storage memory interface for interfacing with a storage memory which stores at least one archived application;
a display screen;
an input mechanism; and
one or more controllers configured to: i) receive an input command from an input mechanism associated with the electronic device; ii) determine whether the input command is a command to execute an archived application stored in a storage memory; and iii) if the input command is a command to execute the archived application, automatically install the archived application to application memory and automatically execute the installed application after the application is installed to the application memory.
13. The mobile electronic device of claim 12, wherein the one or more controllers are further configured to:
display a graphical user interface screen on the display screen associated with the device prior to receiving the input command to execute the archived application, the graphical user interface screen including at least one local application interface element associated with a local application stored in the application memory and at least one remote application interface element associated with the archived application stored in the storage memory; and
after receiving the input command, determine whether the input command is a command to execute the local application and if so, execute the associated application directly from an application memory.
14. The mobile electronic device of claim 12, wherein the one or more controllers are further configured to:
receive an input command from the input mechanism associated with the device to exit the application after executing the installed application; and
in response to receiving the input command to exit the application, exit the application and remove the application from the application memory.
15. The mobile electronic device of claim 12 wherein installing the application comprises copying the application file to the application memory.
16. The mobile electronic device of claim 13, wherein the one or more controllers are further configured to:
receive a request to archive an application, prior to displaying the graphical user interface screen on the display screen; and
in response to receiving the request to archive the application, store an application in the storage memory and modify the graphical user interface screen to include the remote application interface element.
17. The mobile electronic device of claim 16, wherein the one or more controllers are further configured to:
monitor free space in the application memory prior to receiving the request to archive the application; and
display, on the display screen, a suggestion to archive applications if the amount of free space in the application memory falls below a predetermined threshold.
18. The mobile electronic device of claim 12, wherein the storage memory is removable memory.
19. The mobile electronic device of claim 16, wherein the one or more controllers are further configured to:
receive a request to install the application prior to receiving the request to archive the application;
determine if the amount of application memory is sufficient for installation of the application to application memory; and
if the amount of application memory is not sufficient, suggest that the application be archived.
20. The mobile electronic device of claim 13, wherein the one or more controllers are further configured to:
determine if the amount of application memory is sufficient for installation of the application to application memory prior to displaying the graphical user interface screen on the device; and
if the amount of application memory is not sufficient, automatically archive the application,
wherein automatically archiving the application comprises: storing an application file in the storage memory, and modifying the graphical user interface screen to include the remote application interface element, and associating the remote application interface element with the application having the application file in the storage memory.
21. The mobile electronic device of claim 13, wherein the remote application interface element and the local application interface element are icons.
22. A computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium having encoded thereon computer executable instructions for executing an application on an electronic device, said computer executable instructions comprising:
computer executable instructions for receiving an input command from an input mechanism associated with the electronic device;
computer executable instructions for determining whether the input command is a command to execute an archived application, the archived application being stored in a storage memory;
computer executable instructions for automatically installing the archived application to application memory if the input command is a command to execute the archived application; and
computer executable instructions for automatically executing the installed application after the application is installed to the application memory.