1. An electrostatic charge image developing toner comprising:
an unsaturated polyester resin that contains a structural unit derived from a dicarboxylic acid component having an ethylenically unsaturated bond and a structural unit derived from a dialcohol component represented by the following formula (1):
where in the formula (1):
R1 and R2 each independently represent hydrogen or a methyl group, and may be the same as or different from each other,
L1, L2, and L3 each independently represent a divalent linking group selected from the group consisting of a carbonyl group, an ester group, an ether group, a sulfonyl group, a chain alkylene group which may have a substituent, a cyclic alkylene group which may have a substituent, an arylene group which may have a substituent, and combinations thereof; L2 and L3 may be the same as or different from each other; and L1 may form a ring with either L2 or L3, and
A1 and A2 represent a rosin ester group,
wherein:
a surface layer portion of the toner contains a crosslinked material of the unsaturated polyester resin; and
a ratio of a resin component which is insoluble in tetrahydrofuran to a total amount of all the resin components is from 0.5% by weight to 5.0% by weight.
2. The electrostatic charge image developing toner according to claim 1, wherein a ratio of a resin component which is insoluble in tetrahydrofuran to a total amount of all the resin components is from 1.0% by weight to 4.0% by weight.
3. The electrostatic charge image developing toner according to claim 1, wherein a rosin which is a base of the rosin ester group is a purified rosin, a disproportionated rosin, or a hydrogenated rosin.
4. The electrostatic charge image developing toner according to claim 1, wherein a rosin which is a base of the rosin ester group is a purified rosin.
5. An electrostatic charge image developer comprising:
the electrostatic charge image developing toner according to claim 1; and
an electrostatic charge image developing carrier.
6. The electrostatic charge image developer according to claim 5, wherein a ratio of a resin component which is insoluble in tetrahydrofuran to a total amount of all the resin components is from 1.0% by weight to 4.0% by weight.
7. The electrostatic charge image developer according to claim 5, wherein a rosin which is a base of the rosin ester group is a purified rosin, a disproportionated rosin, or a hydrogenated rosin.
8. The electrostatic charge image developer according to claim 5, wherein a rosin which is a base of the rosin ester group is a purified rosin.
9. A toner container which accommodates the electrostatic charge image developing toner according to claim 1.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for treating a gas stream comprising hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides which comprises (a) flowing the gas stream to a catalyst member comprising a catalyst composition comprising a mixture of (i) a composite of a cerium component, a zirconium component and a samarium component, (ii) a catalytically effective amount of a precious metal component and (iii) a refractory metal oxide support, wherein the catalyst composition is disposed on a carrier and the composite is present in an amount of about 0.01 to about 3 gin3 of the carrier and (b) catalytically oxidizing the hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide and catalytically reducing the nitrogen oxides in the gas in the presence of the catalyst member.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the cerium component is present in the amount of 10 to about 90 wt. % ceria, the zirconium component is present in the amount of about 10 to about 90 wt. % and the samarium component is present in the amount of about 1 to about 40 wt. %, based on the weight of the composite.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the cerium component is present in the amount of 15 to 70 wt. %, the zirconium component is present in the amount of 15 to 70 wt. % and the samarium component is present in the amount of 7 to 20 wt. %, based on the weight of the composite.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein the cerium component comprises ceria, the zirconium component comprises zirconia and the samarium component comprises samaria.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the precious metal component is disposed on the refractory metal oxide support.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the composite is present in the amount of 0.1 to 1 gin3 of the carrier.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the precious metal component comprises a platinum group metal component.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein the platinum group metal component is selected from the group consisting of platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium and iridium components and mixtures thereof.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein platinum group metal component comprises platinum metal components, rhodium metal components or a mixture of platinum and rhodium metal components.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein the platinum group metal component comprises a mixture of platinum and rhodium metal components and the ratio of the platinum metal component to the rhodium metal component is in the range of about 0.1:1 to about 20:1.
11. The method of claim 10 wherein the ratio of the platinum metal component to the rhodium metal component is in the range of 1:1 to 10:1.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein the precious metal component is present in an amount of about 0.1 to about 250 gft3 of the carrier.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein the precious metal component is present in an amount of 0.5 to 100 gft3 of the carrier.
14. The method of claim 1 wherein the carrier is a monolithic carrier comprising a refractory ceramic or metal having a honeycomb structure.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein the carrier comprises cordierite.
16. The method of claim 1 wherein the refractory metal oxide support is selected from the group consisting of alumina, silica, titania and zirconia compounds.
17. The method of claim 16 wherein the refractory metal oxide support is selected from the group consisting of activated compounds selected from the group consisting of alumina, silica, titania, silica-alumina, alumina-silicates, alumina-zirconia, alumina-chromia, alumina-ceria oxide and mixtures thereof.
18. The method of claim 17 wherein the refractory metal oxide support comprises activated alumina.
19. The method of claim 18 wherein the activated alumina is present in an amount of about 0.1 to about 4.0 gin3 of the carrier.