1. A composition in the form of a single-phase gel comprising from about 5% to about 8% minoxidil, a crosslinked copolymer of acrylic acid as a thickening agent, and a pharmaceutically acceptable solvent, wherein said minoxidil is present at a concentration which is less than its solubility limit in said composition.
2. A composition of claim 1 which comprises from about 5% to about 6% minoxidil.
3. A composition of claim 2 which comprises about 5% minoxidil.
4. A composition of claim 1, wherein said pharmaceutically acceptable solvent is selected from the group consisting of ethanol, propanol, butanol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, hexylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, PEG-200, PEG-400, glycerol and mixtures thereof.
5. A composition of claim 4, comprising a solvent selected from the group consisting of ethanol, propanol and butanol.
6. A composition of claim 5, comprising a solvent selected from the group consisting of ethanol and isopropanol.
7. A composition of claim 4, comprising a solvent selected from the group consisting of propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, hexylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, PEG-200, PEG-400, and glycerol.
8. A composition of claim 7, wherein said solvent comprises propylene glycol.
9. A composition of claim 4, wherein said solvent comprises a mixture comprising a first solvent selected from the group consisting of ethanol, propanol and butanol and a second solvent selected from the group consisting of propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, hexylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, PEG-200, PEG-400, and glycerol.
10. A composition of claim 9, wherein said solvent comprises a mixture of ethanol and propylene glycol.
11. A composition of claim 1, further comprising a neutralizing agent.
12. A composition of claim 11, wherein said neutralizing agent is selected from the group consisting of ammonium hydroxide, arginine, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, dimethanolamine, dibutanolamine, diisobutanolamine, tributanolamine, triisobutanolamine, tri-sec-butanolamine, tripropylamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, PEG-15 cocamine, diisopropanolamine, methylethanolamine, diisopropylamine, dipropylenetriamine, tromethamine, isopropylamine ethylene diamine, triisopropanolamine, tetrahydroxypropyl ethylenediamine, trimethamine, 2-aminobutanol, aminoethyl propanediol, aminomethyl propanediol, aminomethyl propanol, sodium hydroxide, and potassium hydroxide.
13. A composition of claim 12, wherein said neutralizing agent is selected from the group consisting of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, diisopropanolamine, triisopropanolamine, and tetrahydroxypropyl ethylenediamine.
14. A composition of claim 13, wherein said neutralizing agent is 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol.
15. A composition of claim 1, wherein said solvent is present in said composition in an amount of at least about 20%.
16. A composition of claim 15 which comprises from about 20% to about 99% of said solvent.
17. A composition of claim 1, wherein said crosslinked copolymer of acrylic acid comprises an acrylateC10-30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer.
18. A composition of claim 17 wherein said solvent is present in said composition in an amount of at least about 20%.
19. A composition in the form of a single-phase gel comprising:
from about 5% to about 8% of minoxidil;
from about 30% to about 80% of a first solvent selected from the group consisting of propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, hexylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, PEG-200, PEG-400, and glycerol;
from about 10% to about 50% a second solvent selected from the group consisting of ethanol, propanol and butanol;
from about 0.01% to about 50% of a crosslinked copolymer of acrylic acid;
from about 0% to about 3% of a neutralizing agent; and
water (qs);
wherein said minoxidil is present at a concentration which is less than its solubility limit in said composition.
20. A composition of claim 19, wherein said first solvent is propylene glycol.
21. A composition of claim 19, wherein said second solvent is selected from the group consisting of ethanol and isopropanol.
22. A composition of claim 19 wherein said crosslinked copolymer of acrylic acid comprises an acrylateC10-30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer.
23. A composition of claim 19, wherein said neutralizing agent is selected from the group consisting of arginine, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, dimethanolamine, dibutanolamine, diisobutanolamine, tributanolamine, triisobutanolamine, tri-sec-butanolamine, tripropylamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, PEG-15 cocamine, diisopropanolamine, methylethanolamine, diisopropylamine, dipropylenetriamine, tromethamine, isopropylamine ethylene diamine, triisopropanolamine, tetrahydroxypropyl ethylenediamine, trimethamine, 2-aminobutanol, aminoethyl propanediol, aminomethyl propanediol, and aminomethyl propanol.
24. A composition of claim 23, wherein said neutralizing agent is selected from the group consisting of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, diisopropanolamine, triisopropanolamine, and tetrahydroxypropyl ethylenediamine, and mixtures thereof.
25. A composition of claim 24, wherein said neutralizing agent is 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol.
26. A composition of claim 19, comprising:
from about 5% to about 7% of minoxidil;
from about 40% to about 70% of said first solvent;
from about 20% to about 30% of said second solvent;
from about 0.05% to about 3% of a crosslinked copolymer of acrylic acid; and
from about 0.03% to about 1% of a neutralizing agent.
27. A composition of claim 26, comprising:
from about 5% to about 6% of minoxidil;
from about 50% to about 60% of said first solvent; and
from about 25% to about 30% of said second solvent.
28. A composition of claim 26 comprising:
about 5% of minoxidil;
about 53% of said first solvent; and
about 26% of said second solvent;
from about 0.25% to about 1% of a crosslinked copolymer of acrylic acid; and
from about 0.15% to about 0.6% of a neutralizing agent.
29. A method comprising topically administering a composition according to claim 1 to a region of hair loss on a patient.
30. A method according to claim 29, wherein said hair loss is selected from the group consisting of androgenic alopecia, frontal hair loss, bitemporal recession, vertex balding, mid-anterior balding, alopecia greata, anagen hair loss, diffuse alopecia, and telogen effluvium.
31. A method comprising topically administering a composition according to claim 19 to a region of hair loss on a patient.
32. A method according to claim 31, wherein said hair loss is selected from the group consisting of androgenic alopecia, frontal hair loss, bitemporal recession, vertex balding, mid-anterior balding, alopecia greata, anagen hair loss, diffuse alopecia, and telogen effluvium.
33. A composition in the form of a single-phase gel consisting essentially of:
from about 5% to about 8% of minoxidil;
from about 30% to about 80% of a first solvent selected from the group consisting of propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, hexylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, PEG-200, PEG-400, and glycerol;
from about 10% to about 50% of a second solvent selected from the group consisting of ethanol, propanol and butanol;
from about 0.01% to about 50% of a crosslinked copolymer of acrylic acid;
from about 0% to about 3% of a neutralizing agent;
optionally, one or more pharmaceutically acceptable additives or ingredients selected from the group consisting of hair conditioners, panthenol, calcium pantothenate, colorants, fragrances, vitamin E, penetration modifiers, surfactants, cosmetic agents, fatty acids and fatty acid esters, herbal extracts, henna, wetting agents, sunscreens, and anti-irritants; and
water (qs);
wherein said minoxidil is present at a concentration which is less than its solubility limit in said composition.
34. A composition of claim 33, wherein said first solvent is propylene glycol.
35. A composition of claim 33, wherein said second solvent is selected from the group consisting of ethanol and isopropanol.
36. A composition of claim 33, wherein said crosslinked copolymer of acrylic acid is an acrylateC10-30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer.
37. A composition of claim 33, wherein said neutralizing agent is selected from the group consisting of arginine, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, dimethanolamine, dibutanolamine, diisobutanolamine, tributanolamine, triisobutanolamine, tri-sec-butanolamine, tripropylamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, PEG-15 cocamine, diisopropanolamine, methylethanolamine, diisopropylamine, dipropylenetriamine, tromethamine, isopropylamine ethylene diamine, triisopropanolamine, tetrahydroxypropyl ethylenediamine, trimethamine, 2-aminobutanol, aminoethyl propanediol, aminomethyl propanediol, and aminomethyl propanol.
38. A composition of claim 37, wherein said neutralizing agent is selected from the group consisting of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, diisopropanolamine, triisopropanolamine, and tetrahydroxypropyl ethylenediamine, and mixtures thereof.
39. A composition of claim 38, wherein said neutralizing agent is 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol.
40. A composition of claim 33, comprising:
from about 5% to about 7% of minoxidil;
from about 40% to about 70% of said first solvent;
from about 20% to about 30% of said second solvent; and
from about 0.05% to about 3% of a crosslinked copolymer of acrylic acid.
41. A composition of claim 40, comprising:
from about 5% to about 6% of minoxidil;
from about 50% to about 60% of said first solvent; and
from about 25% to about 30% of said second solvent.
42. A composition of claim 41 comprising:
about 5% of minoxidil;
about 53% of said first solvent;
about 26% of said second solvent; and
from about 0.25% to about 1% of a crosslinked copolymer of acrylic acid.
43. A method comprising topically administering a composition according to claim 33 to a region of hair loss on a patient.
44. A method according to claim 43, wherein said hair loss is selected from the group consisting of androgenic alopecia, frontal hair loss, bitemporal recession, vertex balding, mid-anterior balding, alopecia greata, anagen hair loss, diffuse alopecia, and telogen effluvium.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A blade-thru condenser comprising:
(a) a condenser core comprising a plurality of substantially planar blades joined one on top of another along a longitudinal axis of said condenser core by joint interfaces formed between two adjacent blades; each of said blades comprising one or more condensation chambers formed monolithically therein; said plurality of blades being so aligned that floors of said one or more condensation chambers of each of said blades are disposed above said one or more condensation chambers of one of said blades immediate underneath, thereby forming one or more phase exchange columns in parallel to said longitudinal axis of said condenser core; each of said one or more condensation chambers having one or more apertures on said floors thereof, permitting vapor and condensate to pass therethrough.
(b) an input interface; and
(c) an output interface.
2. The condenser of claim 1, wherein said one or more condensation chambers are drawn chambers formed monolithically in each of said blades.
3. The condenser of claim 1, wherein said joint interfaces are an interface between a lower portion of a wall of one of said condensation chambers and an upper portion of said wall of one of said condensation chamber immediate underneath.
4. The condenser of claim 1, wherein said one or more apertures include a reed flap.
5. The condenser of claim 4, wherein said one or more apertures vibrate in the presence of a pressure difference between two sides of said floors of said condensation chambers.
6. The condenser of claim 1, wherein a distance between said two adjacent blades is sufficient to permit convection of ambient air.
7. The condenser of claim 1, wherein said input interface is an input manifold disposed above, and hermetically sealed to, an upper end of said condenser core, said input manifold comprising a vapor inlet and one or more vapor outlets, each of said vapor outlets disposed above one of said one or more condensation chambers at said upper end of said condenser core; and said output interface is an output manifold disposed underneath, and hermetically sealed to, a lower end of said condenser core, said output manifold comprising a condensate outlet and one or more condensate inlets, each of said condensate inlets disposed underneath one of said one or more condensation chambers at said lower end of said condenser core.
8. A blade-thru condenser comprising:
(a) a condenser core comprising a plurality of substantially planar blades joined one on top of another along a longitudinal axis of said condenser core by one or more spacer rings disposed between two adjacent blades; each of said blades comprising one or more condensation chambers formed within interiors of said spacer rings; said plurality of blades being so aligned that said one or more condensation chambers of each of said blades are disposed above said one or more condensation chambers of one of said blades immediate underneath, thereby forming one or more phase exchange columns in parallel to said longitudinal axis of said condenser core; each of said one or more condensation chambers having one or more apertures on a floor thereof, permitting vapor and condensate to pass therethrough;
(b) an input interface; and
(c) an output interface.
9. The condenser of claim 8, wherein said one or more apertures include at least one reed flap.
10. The condenser of claim 9, wherein said one or more apertures vibrate in the presence of a pressure difference between two sides of said floor of said condensation chamber.
11. The condenser of claim 8, wherein a distance between said two adjacent blades is sufficient to permit convection of ambient air.
12. The condenser of claim 8, wherein said input interface is an input manifold disposed above, and hermetically sealed to, an upper end of said condenser core, said input manifold comprising a vapor inlet and one or more vapor outlets, each of said vapor outlets disposed above one of said one or more condensation chambers at said upper end of said condenser core; and said output interface is an output manifold disposed underneath, and hermetically sealed to, a lower end of said condenser core, said output manifold comprising a condensate outlet and one or more condensate inlets, each of said condensate inlets disposed underneath one of said one or more condensation chambers at said lower end of said condenser core.
13. The condenser of claim 12, wherein diameters of said vapor outlets of said input manifold increase as a distance of said vapor outlets to said vapor inlet increases.
14. The condenser of claim 8, wherein said spacer rings are made of a material different from a material of said blades, having a lower thermal conductivity than said thermal conductivity of said blades.
15. The condenser of claim 14, wherein said spacer rings are attached to said blades by an adhesive, or by soldering to form an air-tight seal between said blades and said spacer rings.
16. The condenser of claim 8, wherein each of said blades further includes one or more male bosses on an upper side and female bosses on an opposing lower side of each of said blades; each of said male bosses surrounding said floor of one of said condensation chambers.
17. The condenser of claim 16, wherein each of said spacer rings has a female boss on a bottom thereof, complementary to each of said male bosses of said blades for positioning each of said spacer rings on each of said male bosses of said blades; and each of said spacer rings has a male boss on an upper end thereof, surrounded by a flat flange; said male boss of each of said spacer rings being complementary to each of said female bosses of said blades.
18. A condenser core comprising multiple substantially planar blades, each of said multiple blades having at least one chamber formed monolithically therein, a floor of said chamber having at least one aperture; said multiple blades joined in parallel alignment, with said apertures positioned to permit vapor and condensate to pass through said apertures.
19. The condenser core of claim 18, wherein said apertures include at least one reed flap.
20. The condenser core of claim 19, wherein a passage of vapor through said apertures causes said floor of said chamber to vibrate.
21. The condenser core of claim 18, wherein said multiple blades are joined by a joint interface formed between two adjacent blades.
22. A condenser core comprising multiple substantially planar blades joined in parallel by one or more spacer rings disposed between two adjacent blades; each of said blades comprising one or more chambers formed within interiors of said spacer rings; a floor of said one or more chambers having at least one aperture, said chambers of said multiple blades in alignment to permit vapor and condensate to pass through said apertures.
23. The condenser core of claim 22, wherein said floor of said chamber and a rest of said blades are monolithic.
24. A component of a condenser core comprising a substantially planar blade having at least one chamber formed monolithically therein, a floor of said chamber having at least one aperture permitting vapor and condensate to pass through.
25. The component of claim 24, wherein said aperture includes at least one reed flap.
26. The component of claim 25, wherein a passage of vapor through said aperture causes said floor of said chamber to vibrate.
27. A heat dissipation system comprising:
(a) an evaporator;
(b) a condenser comprising:
(i) a condenser core comprising a plurality of substantially planar blades joined one on top of another along a longitudinal axis of said condenser core by joint interfaces formed between two adjacent blades; each of said blades comprising one or more condensation chambers formed monolithically therein; said plurality of blades being so aligned that floors of said one or more condensation chambers of each of said blades are disposed above said one or more condensation chambers of one of said blades immediate underneath, thereby forming one or more phase exchange columns in parallel to said longitudinal axis of said condenser core; each of said one or more condensation chambers having one or more apertures on said floor thereof, permitting vapor and condensate to pass therethrough;
(ii) an input interface; and
(iii) an output interface; and
(c) one or more conduits connecting between said evaporator and said condenser through said input interface and said output interface.
28. The heat dissipation system of claim 27, wherein said input interface is an input manifold disposed above, and hermetically sealed to, an upper end of said condenser core, said input manifold comprising a vapor inlet and one or more vapor outlets, each of said vapor outlets disposed above one of said one or more condensation chambers at said upper end of said condenser core; and said output interface is an output manifold disposed underneath, and hermetically sealed to, a lower end of said condenser core, said output manifold comprising a condensate outlet and one or more condensate inlets, each of said condensate inlets disposed underneath one of said one or more condensation chambers at said lower end of said condenser core.
29. The heat dissipation system of claim 28 further comprising a fan positioned adjacent to said condenser core, for providing ambient air circulation to said condenser core.
30. The heat dissipation system of claim 27, wherein said evaporator comprises a liquid boiler and a housing made of a thermal insulating material.
31. A heat dissipation system comprising:
(a) an evaporator;
(b) a condenser comprising:
(i) a condenser core comprising a plurality of substantially planar blades joined one on top of another along a longitudinal axis of said condenser core by one or more spacer rings disposed between two adjacent blades; each of said blades comprising one or more condensation chambers formed within interiors of said spacer rings; said plurality of blades being so aligned that said one or more condensation chambers of each of said blades are disposed above said one or more condensation chambers of one of said blades immediate underneath, thereby forming one or more phase exchange columns in parallel to said longitudinal axis of said condenser core; each of said one or more condensation chambers having one or more apertures on floors thereof, permitting vapor and condensate to pass therethrough;
(ii) an input interface; and
(iii) an output interface;
(c) a vapor conduit having a first end connected to said evaporator and a second end connected to said input interface of said condenser; and
(d) a condensate conduit having a first end connected to said output interface of said condenser and a second end connected to said evaporator.
32. The heat dissipation system of claim 31, wherein said input interface is an input manifold disposed above, and hermetically sealed to, an upper end of said condenser core, said input manifold comprising said vapor inlet and one or more vapor outlets, each of said vapor outlets disposed above one of said one or more condensation chambers at said upper end of said condenser core; and said output interface is an output manifold disposed underneath, and hermetically sealed to, a lower end of said condenser core, said output manifold comprising said condensate outlet and one or more condensate inlets, each of said condensate inlets disposed underneath one of said one or more condensation chambers at said lower end of said condenser core.
33. The heat dissipation system of claim 31 further comprising a fan positioned adjacent to said condenser core, for providing ambient air circulation to said condenser core.
34. The heat dissipation system of claim 31, wherein said evaporator comprises a liquid boiler and a housing made of a thermal insulating material.
35. The heat dissipation system of claim 31, wherein said liquid boiler is a metal boiler plate having a micro porous surface.
36. A computer system comprising:
(a) a housing;
(b) a motherboard comprising a central processing unit (CPU) and input and output interfaces;
(c) a fan disposed within said housing; and
(d) a heat dissipation system comprising an evaporator, a condenser, and a coolant hermetically sealed therein, said condenser comprising:
a condenser core comprising multiple substantially planar blades, each of said multiple blades having at least one chamber formed monolithically therein, a floor of said chamber having at least one aperture; said multiple blades jointed in parallel alignment, with said apertures positioned to permit vapor and condensate to pass through said apertures; an input interface and an output interface; and
said evaporator comprising an evaporator housing and a boiler plate, said boiler plate being in a direct contact with a heat generating component of said computer.
37. The computer system of claim 36, wherein said heat generating component is said CPU of said motherboard.
38. The computer system of claim 36, wherein said heat generating component comprises memory controller, memory chip, graphics processor, or power chip.