1. A process for desulfurizing a hydrocarbon stream containing heterocyclic sulfur compounds, which process comprises contacting a gaseous hydrocarbon feed stream containing said heterocyclic sulfur compounds, or sulfinyl (\u2550SO) or sulfonyl (\u2550SO2) derivatives thereof, in the gas phase and in the presence of oxygen with a supported metal oxide catalyst, or with a bulk metal oxide catalyst.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein the contacting converts at least a portion of the heterocyclic sulfur compounds, or the sulfinyl (\u2550SO) or sulfonyl (\u2550SO2) derivatives thereof, to oxygenated products.
3. The process of claim 1 wherein the contacting converts at least a portion of the heterocyclic sulfur compounds, or the sulfinyl (\u2550SO) or sulfonyl (\u2550SO2) derivatives thereof, to oxygenated products and then recovering a hydrocarbon stream with substantially reduced sulfur separately from the oxygenated products.
4. The process of claim 1 wherein the contacting converts at least a portion of the heterocyclic sulfur compounds, or the sulfinyl (\u2550SO) or sulfonyl (\u2550SO2) derivatives thereof, to sulfur-deficient hydrocarbons.
5. The process of claim 1 wherein the contacting converts at least a portion of the heterocyclic sulfur compounds, or the sulfinyl (\u2550SO) or sulfonyl (\u2550SO2) derivatives thereof, to oxygenated products and sulfur-deficient hydrocarbons.
6. The process of claim 1 wherein the contacting converts at least a portion of the heterocyclic sulfur compounds, or the sulfinyl (\u2550SO) or sulfonyl (\u2550SO2) derivatives thereof, to oxygenated products and sulfur-deficient hydrocarbons and then recovering a hydrocarbon stream with substantially reduced sulfur separately from the oxygenated products.
7. The process of claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 wherein the supported metal oxide catalyst comprises a metal oxide substrate, or support selected from the group consiting of titania, silica, zirconia, alumina, niobia, tantala, ceria, magnesia, manganates, lanthanum oxide, tin oxide and mixtures thereof, whose surface has been modified with a monolayer of an oxide of a catalytic metal selected from the group consisting of titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), molybdenum (Mo), rhenium (Re), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), tungsten (W), manganese (Mn), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta) and mixtures thereof.
8. The process of claim 7 wherein the catalytic metal is either vanadium alone or is a mixture containing vanadium.
9. The process of claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 wherein the bulk metal oxide catalyst comprises a compound selected from the group consisting of molybdates (Mo), chromates (Cr), vanadates (V), rhenates (Re), titanates (Ti), niobates (Nb), tantalates (Ta), tungstates (W), manganates (Mn) and mixtures thereof.
10. The process of claim 9 wherein the bulk metal oxide catalyst is selected from the group consisting of PbV2O6, NaVO3, Na3VO4, BiVO4AlVO4, FeVO4, Mg3(VO4)2, Mg2V2O7, CeVO4, Zn3(VO4)2, CdV2O7, Zn2V2O7, VOPO4, KVO3, Pb2V2O7, TlVO4, PbMoO4, CaMoO4, Bi2Mo2O9, Bi3(FeO4)(MoO4)3, Na2MoO4, MnMoO4, Gd2(MoO4)3, MgMoO4, CuMoO4, CoMoO4, Fe2(MoO4)3, Te2MoO7, NiMoO4, Al2(MoO4)3, Cr2(MoO4)3, Na2Mo2O7, YNbO4, YbNbO4, LiNbO3, NaNbO3, KNbO3, AlNbO4, K8Nb6O19, BiNbO4, SbNbO4, NbOPO4, CaNb2O6, K4Nb6O17, KCa2Nb3O10, Li6WO6, FeWO4, CoWO4, MnWO4, NiWO4, CuWO4, CaWO4, Cs2WO4, Na2WO4, BaWO4, Fe2(WO4)3, Al2(WO4)3, SrWO4, K2WO4, Na2W2O7, Li2WO4, CsLuW2O8, BiWO4, Na2CrO4, Na2Cr2O7, Na2Cr3O10, Na2Cr4O13, K2CrO4, K2Cr2O7, K2Cr3O10, K2Cr4O13, Fe2(CrO4)3, CaCrO4, Cs2CrO4, BiCrO4, NaReO4, Li6ReO4, Mg(ReO4)2, Na2TiO4, NaTiO3, BaTiO4, BaTiO3, Mn3(VO4)2, MnAl2O4, KMnO4, MnO, MnO2, Mn2O3and Mn3O4.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
What is claimed is:
1. A minimal-marking tread, intended to be ground-contacting, for a tire or vehicular track, wherein said tread is of a rubber composition which comprises, based upon 100 parts by weight rubber (phr),
(A) 100 parts by weight of at least one conjugated diene-based elastomer,
(B) about 35 to about 100 phr of particulate filler comprised of aggregate of synthetic amorphous silica and from about zero to about 7 phr of carbon black,
(C) about 2 to about 5 phr of a phenolic-based antidegradant to the exclusion of an amine-based antidegradant,
(D) about five to about 15 of a paraffinic rubber processing oil which contains less than about 14 weight percent aromatic compound(s) to the exclusion of rubber processing oil containing greater than 15 weight percent of aromatic compounds and
(E) at least one coupling agent having a moiety reactive with hydroxyl groups contained on the surface of the said amorphous silica (e.g. silanol groups) and another moiety interactive with at least one of said diene-based elastomers.
2. The tread of claim 1 wherein said tread rubber composition is exclusive of carbon black.
3. A skid steering, fixed axle, assembly selected from a tirewheel assembly and a drive wheelvehicular track assembly wherein said tire and track has the tread of claim 1.
4. The assembly of claim 3 wherein said assembly is a fixed axle, tirewheel assembly.
5. The assembly of claim 2 wherein said assembly is a fixed axle, drive wheelvehicular track assembly.
6. The drive wheelvehicular track assembly of claim 5 comprised of a rubber track positioned over at least two fixed axle vehicular wheels, namely a drive wheel for enjoying an inner surface of the rubber track and driving the track and at least one vehicular driven wheel to aid in guiding the contorted path of the rubber track as it moves around the vehicular wheels, including the associated drive wheel, to propel the associated vehicle over the ground.
7. The tread of claim 1 wherein said tread is a rubber composition prepared by a sequential mixing process in at least one internal rubber mixer, which comprises, based upon parts by weight per 100 parts by weight rubber (phr)
(A) mixing in at least two sequential preparatory blending steps in at least one internal rubber mixer to a temperature in a range of about 100 C. to about 180 C. a blend of ingredients comprised of, based on 100 parts by weight rubber (phr)
(1) 100 parts by weight of at least one conjugated diene-based elastomer,
(2) about 35 to about 100 phr of particulate filler comprised of aggregates of synthetic amorphous silica having hydroxyl groups on its surface and from about zero to about 7 phr of carbon black,
(3) about 5 to about 15 of a paraffinic rubber processing oil which contains less than about 14 weight percent aromatic compound(s) to the exclusion of rubber processing oil contain greater than 15 weight percent of aromatic compounds and
(4) a bis-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl) polysulfide having from 2 to 6, with an average of from 2 to 2.6, connecting sulfur atoms in its polydisulfidic bridge, and
(B) mixing the product of said at least two preparatory mixing steps with a conjugated diene-based rubber vulcanizing amount of sulfur and vulcanization accelerator and from about 5 to about 15 phr of bis-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl) polysulfide having from 2 to 6, with an average of from 2 to 2.6, or from 3.5 to 4, connecting sulfur atoms in its polysulfidic bridge, to a temperature in a range of about 110 C. to about 120 C.; wherein a total (sum) of from about 1 to about 5 phr of at least one phenolic antidegradant to the exclusion of an amine-based antidegradant is mixed with said elastomer(s) in at least one of said mixing steps; and
wherein said rubber composition is removed from said internal rubber mixer at the conclusion of each mixing stage and cooled to a temperature below 40 C.; and
followed by shaping and sulfur vulcanizing said tread rubber composition.
8. The tread of claim 7 wherein said rubber composition is exclusive of carbon black.
9. A skid steering, fixed axle, assembly selected from a tirewheel assembly and a drive wheelvehicular track assembly wherein said tire and track has the tread of claim 7.
10. The assembly of claim 9 wherein said assembly is a fixed axle, tirewheel assembly.
11. The assembly of claim 9 wherein said assembly is a fixed axle, drive wheelvehicular track assembly.
12. The drive wheelvehicular track assembly of claim 11 comprised of a rubber track positioned over at least two fixed axle vehicular wheels, namely a drive wheel for enjoying an inner surface of the rubber track and driving the track and at least one vehicular driven wheel to aid in guiding the contorted path of the rubber track as it moves around the vehicular wheels, including the associated drive wheel, to propel the associated vehicle over the ground.
13. The tread of claim 1 wherein said tread is sulfur cured and has a 300 percent Modulus in a range of about 7.5 to about 14 MPa, a Rebound value (100 C.) in a range of about 52 to about 70, a Shore A Hardness (100 C.) in a range of about 54 to about 72, Abrasion resistance (DIN), 10 Newtons force of a maximum of 62 cm3, a G’ value at 100 C. and one percent strain in a range of about 2000 to about 3000 Mpa and a Molded groove tear resistance of at least 35 N-cm.
14. The tread of claim 2 wherein said tread is sulfur cured and has a 300 percent Modulus in a range of about 7.5 to about 14 MPa, a Rebound value (100 C.) in a range of about 52 to about 70, a Shore A Hardness (100 C.) in a range of about 54 to about 72, Abrasion resistance (DIN), 10 Newtons force of a maximum of 62 cm3, G’ value at 100 C. and one percent strain in a range of about 2000 to about 3000 MPa and a Molded groove tear resistance of at least 35 N-cm.
15. The tread of claim 3 wherein said tread is sulfur cured and has a 300 percent Modulus in a range of about 7.5 to about 14 MPa, a Rebound value (100 C.) in a range of about 52 to about 70, a Shore A Hardness (100 C.) in a range of about 54 to about 72, Abrasion resistance (DIN), 10 Newtons force of a maximum of 62 cm3, G’ value at 100 C. and one percent strain in a range of about 2000 to about 3000 MPa and a Molded groove tear resistance of at least 35 N-cm.
16. The tread of claim 7 wherein said tread is sulfur cured and has a 300 percent Modulus in a range of about 7.5 to about 14 MPa, a Rebound value (100 C.) in a range of about 52 to about 70, a Shore A Hardness (100 C.) in a range of about 54 to about 72, Abrasion resistance (DIN), 10 Newtons force of a maximum of 62 cm3, a G’ value at 100 C. and one percent strain in a range of about 2000 to about 3000 MPa and a Molded groove tear resistance of at least 35 N-cm.
17. The tread of claim 8 wherein said tread is sulfur cured and has a 300 percent Modulus in a range of about 7.5 to about 14 MPa, a Rebound value (100 C.) in a range of about 52 to about 70, a Shore A Hardness (100 C.) in a range of about 54 to about 72, Abrasion resistance (DIN), 10 Newtons force of a maximum of 62 cm3, a G’ value at 100 C. and one percent strain in a range of about 2000 to about 3000 MPa and a Molded groove tear resistance of at least 35 N-cm.
18. The tread of claim 9 wherein said tread is sulfur cured and has a 300 percent Modulus in a range of about 7.5 to about 14 MPa, a Rebound value (100 C.) in a range of about 52 to about 70, a Shore A Hardness (100 C.) in a range of about 54 to about 72, Abrasion resistance (DIN), 10 Newtons force of a maximum of 62 Cm3, a G’ value at 100 C. and one percent strain in a range of about 2000 to about 3000 MPa and a Molded groove tear resistance of at least 35 N-cm.