1. An electromagnetic seal comprising:
an annular tube of conductive material and
one or more grooves in said tube.
2. The invention of 1 wherein said grooves are designed to operate as a transmission line at a predetermined frequency.
3. The invention of 2 wherein said transmission line has high impedance at said predetermined frequency.
4. The invention of 3 wherein said transmission line has a transfer function approaching zero.
5. An electromagnetic seal comprising:
a surface of conductive material and
one or more grooves in said surface designed to operate as a transmission line which high impedance at a predetermined frequency.
6. The invention of 5 wherein said transmission line has a transfer function approaching zero.
7. A seal comprising:
an electromagnetic seal and
an environmental seal.
8. The invention of 7 wherein said electromagnetic seal includes an annular tube of conductive material and one or more grooves in said tube.
9. The invention of 8 wherein said grooves are designed to operate as a transmission line at a predetermined frequency.
10. The invention of 9 wherein said transmission line has high impedance at said predetermined frequency.
11. The invention of 10 wherein said transmission line has a transfer function approaching zero.
12. The invention of 9 wherein said environmental seal includes a gasket disposed between said tube and a fitting therefor.
13. A rotary joint comprising:
a cylindrical tube;
a cylindrical fitting adapted to receive the tube;
an electromagnetic seal disposed between the tube and the fitting; and
an environmental seal disposed between the tube and the fitting.
14. A combined environmental-electromagnetic rotary seal comprising:
a first conductive cylindrical component whose interior is part of an electromagnetic energy transmission system;
a conductive housing enclosing the first conductive cylindrical component in such a way that the first conductive cylindrical component lies at least partially inside the conductive housing and can rotate freely with respect to the conductive housing;
an electromagnetic seal comprising a set of circumferential grooves cut into either the exterior of the first conductive cylindrical component or into the interior surface of the conductive housing, the grooves being located between the points at which the first conductive component enters and leaves the conductive housing; and
an environmental seal comprising one or more grooves cut into either the exterior of the first conductive cylindrical component or the interior surface of the conductive housing, the grooves being located between points at which the first conductive component enters and leaves the conductive housing and a non-conductive seal such as an elastomeric o-ring.
15. The invention of 14 wherein the environmental seal is axially positioned between the electromagnetic seal and an exterior environment from which contamination is to be prevented.
16. The invention of 14 wherein the grooves comprising the electromagnetic seal vary in width, depth, andor separation.
17. The invention of 14 wherein the first conductive cylindrical component and the conductive housing are electrically insulated and can be maintained at different electrical potentials.
18. The invention of 14 wherein the electromagnetic energy transmission system enclosed by the first conductive cylindrical component is a beam waveguide transmission system.
19. The invention of 14 wherein the electromagnetic energy transmission system enclosed by the first conductive cylindrical component is a circular waveguide transmission system.
20. The invention of 14 wherein the electromagnetic energy transmission system enclosed by the first conductive cylindrical component is a coaxial transmission line transmission system.
21. A method of designing a combined environmental-electromagnetic beam waveguide rotary seal, comprising the steps of:
selecting the number, width, depth, and separation of the grooves comprising the electromagnetic seal to approximate the desired level of attenuation over a desired operating frequency range, including the steps of choosing the number, width, depth, and separation of the grooves comprising the electromagnetic seal;
optimizing one or more of the selected dimensions of the grooves comprising the electromagnetic seal to closely approximate the desired attenuation as a function of frequency; and
selecting the number, width, depth, and separation of the grooves comprising the environmental seal.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
What is claimed is:
1. A coated substrate for ink-jet ink printing, said coated substrate having a printing surface and an opposing back surface, said printing surface comprising a coating formulated for accepting an ink-jet ink composition, and said back surface comprising a coating formulated for repelling said ink-jet ink composition.
2. A coated substrate as in claim 1 wherein the printing surface comprises a swellable or polymeric coating.
3. A coated substrate as in claim 1 wherein the back surface comprises a substantially hydrophobic coating.
4. A coated substrate as in claim 3 wherein the substantially hydrophobic coating comprises a polymeric blend of a hydrophilic polymeric binder and a within the polymeric blend.
5. A coated substrate as in claim 4 wherein the hydrophilic polymeric binder to hydrophobic polymeric binder ratio is from 1:5 to 1:1 by weight, and the polymeric blend to hydrophobic bead ratio is from 1:9 to 8:2 by weight.
6. A coated substrate as in claim 4 wherein the hydrophilic polymeric binder to hydrophobic polymeric binder ratio is from 1:4 to 2:3 by weight, and the polymeric blend to hydrophobic bead ratio is from 1:3 to 3:2 by weight.
7. A coated substrate as in claim 4 wherein the hydrophilic polymeric binder is selected from the group consisting of gelatin, modified gelatin, polyvinyl alcohol, modified polyvinyl alcohol, methyl cellulose, polyvinyl pyrolidone, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl acetal, modified polyvinyl acetal and combinations thereof, and wherein the hydrophobic polymeric binder is selected from the group consisting of styrenemethacrylate copolymers, acrylates, methacrylates, and combinations thereof, and wherein the hydrophobic beads are selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polystyrene, polymethacrylate, polyacrylate, polypropylene, glass, silica, and combinations thereof.
8. A coated substrate as in claim 4 wherein the hydrophobic beads are from 0.01 m to 100 m in size, providing an average surface roughness greater than about 80 Sheffield units.
9. A coated substrate as in claim 3 wherein the substantially hydrophobic coating comprises a hydrophobic polymeric binder blended with a natural wax.
10. A coated substrate as in claim 9 wherein the hydrophobic polymeric binder is selected from the group consisting of styrenemethacrylate copolymers, styreneacrylate copolymers, acrylates, methacrylates and combinations thereof; and wherein the natural wax is selected from the group consisting of carnauba wax, montan wax, paraffin, and combinations thereof.
11. A coated substrate as in claim 9 wherein the substantially hydrophobic coating has a hydrophobic binder to natural wax ratio from 1:9 to 9:1 by weight.
12. A coated substrate as in claim 9 wherein the substantially hydrophobic coating has an average surface roughness greater than about 80 Sheffield units.
13. Ink-jet ink printing media, comprising:
a) a substrate having a first side and an opposing second side;
b) a hydrophilic polymeric material coated on the first side and the second side of the substrate; and
c) a substantially hydrophobic polymeric composite material coated over the hydrophilic polymeric material on the second side of the substrate.
14. Ink-jet ink printing media as in claim 13 wherein the hydrophilic polymeric material is a member selected from the group consisting of gelatin, modified gelatin, polyvinyl alcohol, modified polyvinyl alcohol, methyl cellulose, polyvinyl pyrolidone, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl acetal, modified polyvinyl acetal and combinations thereof.
15. Ink-jet ink printing media as in claim 13 wherein the substantially hydrophobic polymeric composite material is a polymeric blend of a hydrophilic polymeric binder and a hydrophobic polymeric binder having at least 50% by weight of the hydrophobic polymeric binder, and further comprising hydrophobic beads dispersed within the polymeric blend.
16. Ink-jet printing media as in claim 13 wherein the hydrophobic polymeric binder is selected from the group consisting of styrenemethacrylate copolymers, styreneacrylate copolymers, acrylates, methacrylates, and combinations thereof; the hydrophilic polymeric binder is selected from the group consisting of gelatin, modified gelatin, polyvinyl alcohol, modified polyvinyl alcohol, methyl cellulose, polyvinyl pyrolidone, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl acetal, modified polyvinyl acetal and combinations thereof; and wherein the hydrophobic beads are selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polystyrene, polymethacrylate, polyacrylate, polypropylene, glass, silica, and combinations thereof.
17. Ink-jet printing media as in claim 15 wherein the hydrophilic polymeric binder to hydrophobic polymeric binder ratio is from 1:5 to 1:1 by weight, and the polymeric blend to hydrophobic bead ratio is from 1:9 to 8:2 by weight.
18. Ink-jet printing media as in claim 15 wherein the hydrophilic polymeric binder to hydrophobic polymeric binder ratio is from 1:4 to 2:3 by weight, and the polymeric blend to hydrophobic bead ratio is from 1:3 to 3:2 by weight.
19. Ink-jet printing media as in claim 13 wherein the hydrophobic beads are from 0.1 m to 100 m in size, providing an average surface roughness greater than about 80 Sheffield units.
20. Ink-jet printing media as in claim 13 wherein the substantially hydrophobic polymeric composite material comprises a hydrophobic polymeric binder blended with a natural wax.
21. Ink-jet printing media as in claim 20 wherein the hydrophobic polymeric binder is selected from the group consisting of styrenemethacrylate copolymers, styreneacrylate copolymers, acrylates, methacrylates and combinations thereof; and wherein the natural wax is selected from the group consisting of carnauba wax, montan wax, paraffin, and combinations thereof.
22. Ink-jet printing media as in claim 20 wherein the substantially hydrophobic composite material coating has a hydrophobic binder to natural wax ratio from 1:9 to 9:1 by weight.
23. Ink-jet printing media as in claim 20 wherein the substantially hydrophobic composite material coating has an average surface roughness greater than about 80 Sheffield units.
24. A composite coating material for overcoating hydrophilic coated printing media, comprising:
a) a polymeric blend of a hydrophilic polymeric binder and a hydrophobic polymeric binder, said polymeric blend having a hydrophilic polymeric binder to hydrophobic polymeric binder ratio from 1:5 to 1:1 by weight; and
b) hydrophobic beads dispersed within the polymeric blend, wherein the polymeric blend to hydrophobic bead ratio is from 1:9 to 8:2 by weight.
25. A composite coating material as in claim 24 wherein the hydrophilic polymeric binder to hydrophobic polymeric binder ratio is from 1:4 to 2:3 by weight, and wherein the polymeric blend to hydrophobic bead ratio is from 1:3 to 3:2 by weight.
26. A composite coating material as in claim 24 wherein the hydrophobic beads are from 0.1 m to 100 m in size, providing an average surface roughness greater than about 80 Sheffield units.
27. A coated substrate for ink-jet ink printing, said coated substrate having a printing surface and an opposing back surface, said printing surface comprising a coating formulated for accepting an ink-jet ink composition, and said back surface comprising a backcoating formulated for repelling said ink-jet ink composition, said backcoating further comprising a hydrophobic polymeric binder blended with a natural wax.
28. A coated substrate as in claim 27 wherein the hydrophobic polymeric binder is selected from the group consisting of styrenemethacrylate copolymers, styreneacrylate copolymers, acrylates, methacrylates and combinations thereof, and wherein the natural wax is selected from the group consisting of carnauba wax, montan wax, paraffin, and combinations thereof.
29. A coated substrate as in claim 27 wherein the substantially hydrophobic coating has a hydrophobic binder to natural wax ratio from 1:9 to 9:1 by weight.
30. A coated substrate as in claim 27 wherein the substantially hydrophobic coating has an average surface roughness greater than about 80 Sheffield units.