1. An elongated ratchet handle comprising:
a. an elongated body having a top, a bottom, a side, a centrally located step diametered bore extending from the top through the bottom of said body and an annular step facing said top and surrounding the step diametered bore;
b. said body having opposite ends, each of said ends having extension arm connectors extending axially of said body;
c. a ratchet mechanism having a top surface and a bottom surface, said ratchet mechanism being secured in the step diametered bore, said ratchet mechanism having an actuator being movably positioned on said ratchet mechanism top surface and a drive post depending from said ratchet mechanism bottom surface; and
d. said step being spaced from said top of said body.
2. The ratchet handle of claim 1 further comprising an elongated extension arm having opposite ends releasably connected to said extension arm connectors at one of said ends, said extension arm having an opposing body connector at said one end configured for releasable connection with one of said extension arm connectors.
3. The ratchet handle of claim 1, wherein said opposite body ends extend upwardly and outwardly away from said bore thereby defining a finger space between said elongated body and a work piece.
4. The ratchet handle of claim 2, wherein said extension arm connectors comprise bores and said body connectors comprise male sockets configured to be releasably attached within said bores of said extension arm connectors.
5. The ratchet handle of claim 2, wherein said extension arm connectors and body connectors have generally circular cross sections.
6. The ratchet handle of claim 2, wherein said extension arm connectors and body connectors have generally polygonal cross sections.
7. The ratchet handle of claim 6, wherein said extension arm connectors and body connectors have generally square cross sections.
8. The ratchet handle of claim 2, wherein said extension arm connectors comprise male sockets and said body connectors comprise bores, said male sockets of said extension arm connectors being configured to be releasably attached within said bores.
9. The ratchet handle of claim 2, wherein said extension arm connectors and body connectors each have a release mechanism for releasably securing the extension arms to said opposite ends of said body.
10. The ratchet handle of claim 9, wherein said release mechanisms comprise spring-loaded release assemblies.
11. The ratchet handle of claim 9, wherein said release mechanisms comprise detent mechanisms.
12. The ratchet handle of claim 9, wherein said release mechanisms comprise push button release assemblies.
13. The ratchet handle of claim 2, wherein said extension arm connectors have male threaded ends and said body connectors of said extension arms have female threaded ends, said male threaded ends being configured to be releasably threaded into said female threaded ends of the extension arms.
14. The ratchet handle of claim 2, wherein said extension arm connectors have female threaded ends and said body connectors of said extension arms have male threaded ends, said male threaded ends being configured to be releasably threaded into said female threaded ends of the opposing arms.
15. The ratchet handle of claim 1, wherein said ratchet mechanism is generally countersunk into said body a depth greater than a height of the actuator measured transversely of said body so that when the body is gripped in a palm of a hand said actuator is not unintentionally actuated.
16. The ratchet handle of claim 1, wherein said elongated body is formed from a material selected from the group consisting of metals, plastics, or any composite thereof.
17. The ratchet handle of claim 1, wherein said opposite ends of said body are formed from a material selected from the group consisting of metals, plastics, and composites thereof.
18. The ratchet handle of claim 1, wherein said extension arm connectors are formed from a material selected from the group consisting of metals, plastics, and composites thereof.
19. The ratchet handle of claim 2, wherein said extension arms are formed from a material selected from the group consisting of metals, plastics, and composites thereof.
20. The ratchet handle of claim 2, wherein said body connectors are formed from a material selected from the group consisting of metals, plastics, and composites thereof.
21. An elongated ratchet handle comprising:
a. an elongated body having a top, a bottom, a side, a centrally located step diametered bore extending from the top through the bottom and an annular step facing said top and surrounding the step diametered bore;
b. said body having opposite ends, each of said ends extending upwardly and outwardly away from the step diametered bore thereby defining a finger space between the elongated body and a work piece, each of said opposite ends having extension arm connectors extending axially of said body;
c. elongated extension arms having opposite ends releasably connected to said extension arm connectors at one of said ends, each of said extension arms having an opposing body connector at said one end configured for releasable connection with one of said extension arm connectors;
d. said extension arm connectors comprising bores and said body connectors comprising male sockets configured to be releasably attached within said bores, said extension arm connectors and said body connectors each having a release mechanism for releasably securing said extension arms to the opposite ends, the release mechanisms comprising a detent mechanism;
e. a ratchet mechanism having a top surface and a bottom surface, said ratchet mechanism being secured in the step diametered bore and having an actuator being movably positioned on the top surface and a drive post depending from the bottom surface; and
f. said step diametered bore being spaced from said top of said body.
22. An elongated body having a centrally located opening therein and opposite ends, a ratchet mechanism in said opening, said ratchet mechanism having a top and a bottom, a drive post extending from the bottom of said ratchet mechanism, said body having means for functionally gripping said body to apply force moments to both said opposite ends and to operate said ratchet mechanism in close quarters, and means at each of said body ends for extending the length of said body for enlarging the force moments that can be applied to said ratchet mechanism.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An elongated electrical conductor (2) having a longitudinal axis (A) essentially parallel to the rolling direction of a conductor wire, which conductor (2) comprises of copper material, an attachment surface (7) configured to be attached to a receiving surface of a silicon wafer (3) to establish an electrical connection between the silicon wafer (3) and the electrical conductor (2), characterized in that the copper material is present at a purity of at least 99.5%, and wherein the grains have a cubic texture comprising a set of cubic axes directed within an up to 20 degree angular range to the longitudinal axis (A), and whereby at least 65% of the grains have said cubic texture.
2. The electrical conductor (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that the copper material has a purity of at least 99.9%.
3. The electrical conductor (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that 70 to 100% of the grains have the cubic texture.
4. The electrical conductor (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that the set of cubic axes are directed within a 15 degree angular range to the longitudinal axis (A).
5. The electrical conductor (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that the set of cubic axes are directed within a 10 degree angular range to the longitudinal axis (A).
6. The electrical conductor (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that the cubic axis index is at least 70%.
7. The electrical conductor (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that the copper material is an Electrolytic Tough Pitch copper or an Oxygen-Free copper.
8. The electrical conductor (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that the copper material has a yield stress below 50 MPa.
9. The electrical conductor (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that the copper material has a Young modulus below 95 GPa.
10. A process for the manufacturing of an electrical conductor (2), comprising a copper material at a purity of at least 99.5%, characterized in that the process comprises the steps of:
a) arranging the copper material to a rolling mill,
b) rolling the copper material along a rolling direction to a reduction from 20 to 80%, wherein a copper product is formed,
c) annealing the copper product at a temperature below 600\xb0 C.,
d) optionally repeating the steps b) and c),
e) cold rolling the copper product to a reduction of at least 80%, and
f) final annealing the copper product at a temperature above 250\xb0 C.
11. The process according to claim 10, characterized in that the copper material has a purity of at least 99.9%.
12. The process according to claim 10, characterized in that the grain size of the copper product after steps b) and c) is 5 to 25 \u03bcm.
13. The process according to claim 10, characterized in that the copper material is an Electrolytic Tough Pitch copper or an Oxygen-Free copper.
14. The process according to claim 10, characterized in that the reduction in step b) is from 30 to 80%.
15. The process according to claim 10, characterized in that the temperature in step c) is from 300 to 400\xb0 C.
16. The process according to claim 10, characterized in that the reduction in step d) is from 90 to 99%.
17. The process according to claim 10, characterized in that the temperature in step 0 is above 500\xb0 C.
18. An electrical conductor (2) manufactured by the process according to claim 10.
19. The electrical conductor (2) according to claim 18, characterized in that the attachment surface (7) is coated with tin based solder material (6).
20. A process for attaching the electrical conductor (2) according to claim 19 to a silicon wafer (3), characterized in that the attachment surface (7) of the electrical conductor (2) and the receiving surface of the silicon wafer (3) are heated to melt the solder material (6), whereby an attachment is formed between the electrical conductor (2) and the silicon wafer (3) upon cooling of the heated material.
21. A photovoltaic module (1) comprising at least one silicon wafer (3) attached to at least one electrical conductor (2) according to claim 19.
22. The elongated electrical conductor (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that the attachment surface (7) is coated with tin based solder material (6).