1. A method for controlling the flow of vapor-phase working fluid through a temperature-actuated capillary flow valve into a condenser in a two-phase heat transfer system having a working fluid with a liquid-phase and a vapor-phase, comprising:
providing the temperature-actuated capillary flow valve having an inlet port, an outlet port, a housing extending between the inlet port and the outlet port, the housing defining a flow passage, and a porous wick material within the housing and extending across the flow passage;
introducing the vapor-phase working fluid into the inlet port of the capillary flow valve; and
controlling flow of the vapor-phase working fluid through the capillary flow valve by heating the housing to evaporate liquid-phase working fluid from the wick and allow the vapor-phase working fluid to pass from the inlet port through the wick to the outlet port, or by removing the heat source to allow the vapor-phase working fluid in the wick to condense and prevent flow of the vapor-phase working fluid from the inlet port through the wick to the outlet port.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the capillary valve is positioned with the output port at a fluid entrance to an evaporator in the two-phase heat transfer system.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the capillary flow valve is cold-biased by a thermal strap to a heat sink.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein said heating the housing comprises activating an electrical resistance heating element adhered to the housing.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the capillary flow valve is cold-biased by a thermal strap, said heating the housing comprises activating an electrical resistance heating element adhered to the capillary valve housing, and the electrical resistance heater is positioned closer to the inlet port than the thermal strap.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the heat source is an electrical resistance heating element adhered to the valve housing at a location along the housing between the outlet port and the thermal strap, and the thermal strap is located between the inlet port and the heating element.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the working fluid comprises ammonia.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the exterior surface of the porous wick material is smooth, with a close fit to the interior surface of the housing.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the exterior surface of the porous wick material has at least one longitudinal groove extending the length of the wick.
10. A two-phase heat transfer system comprising:
at least one two-phase loop heat pipe capillary pump;
at least one condenser;
a vapor conduit joining the outlet of the capillary pump to the inlet of the condenser;
a liquid conduit joining the outlet of the condenser to the inlet of the capillary pump; and
a thermally-actuated capillary flow valve having an inlet, an outlet, a thermal connection to a heat sink for cold biasing the capillary valve, a porous wick extending across the flow passageway of the flow valve, and a heater thermally connected to the capillary flow valve, wherein actuation of the heater evaporates liquid in the wick, thereby allowing passage of vapor through the capillary flow valve.
11. A two-phase heat transfer system comprising:
at least one two-phase loop heat pipe capillary pump;
a plurality of condensers, each condenser having a thermal connection to a cold sink at an external face of the spacecraft;
a vapor conduit joining the outlet of the capillary pump to the inlets of the condensers;
a liquid conduit joining the outlets of the condensers to the inlet of the capillary pump; and
a plurality of thermally-actuated capillary flow valves, each arranged in the vapor line at an inlet of each condenser,
each thermally-actuated capillary flow valve having an inlet, an outlet, a thermal connection to a heat sink for cold biasing the capillary valve, a porous wick extending across the flow passageway of the flow valve, and a heater thermally connected to the capillary flow valve, wherein actuation of the heater evaporates liquid in the wick, thereby allowing passage of vapor through the capillary flow valve to the condenser.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method of treatment of an individual comprising administration of a conjugate comprising (a) a Hp-Hb complex (haptoglobin-haemoglobin complex) or a part thereof or a mimic thereof and (b) a biologically active substance, wherein the Hp-Hb complex or the part thereof or the mimic thereof is capable of binding a CD163 receptor andor a CD163 receptor variant, the method comprising the steps of:
i) providing a Hp-Hb complex, or a part thereof, or a mimic thereof,
ii) operably linking a biologically active substance to the Hp-Hb complex, or a part thereof, or a mimic thereof, to form said conjugate,
iii) administering a therapeutically effective amount of the conjugate to an individual in need thereof.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises drug-delivery treatment of an individual in need of such treatment.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises gene delivery treatment of an individual in need of such treatment.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises treatment of haemolysis in an individual in need of such treatment.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the substance is selected from the group consisting of an antimicrobial agent, a cancer drug, an anti-HIV drug and a medicament against lymphomas.