1. A generation method using a fuel cell generation system having a solid polymer membrane forming an electrolyte, having a fuel electrode and fuel gas passages for supplying to the fuel electrode a fuel gas containing hydrogen as a main component on one side of the solid polymer membrane, and having an oxidizer electrode on the other side of the solid polymer membrane, the method comprising the steps of:
supplying the fuel gas to the fuel electrode through the fuel gas passages at a low pressure;
supplying an oxidizer gas to the oxidizer electrode at a low pressure;
generating electricity by causing electrochemical reaction between the fuel gas and the oxidizer gas supplied; and
controlling a fuel utilization ratio on the fuel electrode so as to prevent the fuel gas passages from being clogged with condensed water,
wherein a target value is preset for the fuel utilization ratio in the controlling step, to a low value when an output of the fuel cell generation system is low and to a high value in the vicinity of a rated operation point, and wherein the fuel utilization ratio is a ratio of an amount of gas actually consumed for the reaction to an amount of gas supplied for the reaction.
2. The generation method using a fuel cell generation system as recited in claim 1, wherein a minimum value is given for the fuel gas flow rate in the controlling step, and a target utilization ratio is set so that the fuel gas flow rate does not decrease to below the minimum value but remains constant even when the output of the fuel cell generation system decreases.
3. A generation method using a fuel cell generation system having a solid polymer membrane forming an electrolyte, having a fuel electrode on one side of the solid polymer membrane, and having an oxidizer electrode and oxidizer gas passages for supplying an oxidizer gas to the oxidizer electrode on the other side of the solid polymer membrane, the method comprising the steps of:
supplying a fuel gas containing hydrogen as a main component to the fuel electrode at a low pressure;
supplying the oxidizer gas to the oxidizer electrode through the oxidizer gas passages at a low pressure;
generating electricity by causing electrochemical reaction between the fuel gas and the oxidizer gas supplied; and
controlling an oxidizer utilization ratio on the oxidizer electrode so as to prevent the oxidizer gas passages from being clogged with condensed water,
wherein a target value is preset for the oxidizer utilization ratio in the controlling step, to a low value when an output of the fuel cell generation system is low and to a high value in the vicinity of a rated operation point, and wherein the oxidizer utilization ratio is a ratio of an amount of gas actually consumed for the reaction to an amount of gas supplied for the reaction.
4. The generation method using a fuel cell generation system as recited in claim 3, wherein a minimum value is given for the oxidizer gas flow rate in the controlling step, and a target utilization ratio is set so that the oxidizer gas flow rate does not decrease to below the minimum value but remains constant even when the output of the fuel cell generation system decreases.
5. A fuel cell generation system comprising:
a solid polymer membrane forming an electrolyte;
a fuel electrode provided on one side of the solid polymer membrane;
fuel gas passages provided adjacent to the fuel electrode, the fuel cell generation system being adapted to supply a fuel gas containing hydrogen as a main component to the fuel electrode at a low pressure through the fuel gas passages;
an oxidizer electrode, provided on the other side of the solid polymer membrane, the fuel cell generation system being adapted to supply the oxidizer electrode with an oxidizer gas at a low pressure; and
a first controller adapted to control a fuel utilization ratio on the fuel electrode so that the fuel gas passages are not clogged with water,
wherein electricity is generated by causing electrochemical reaction between the fuel gas and the oxidizer gas supplied, and
wherein the first controller is adapted to preset a target value for the fuel utilization ratio, the target value being set to be low when the output of the fuel cell generation system is low and to be high in the vicinity of a rated operation point, and wherein the fuel utilization ratio is a ratio of an amount of gas actually consumed for the reaction to an amount of gas supplied for the reaction.
6. The fuel cell generation system as recited in claim 5, wherein the first controller is adapted to give a minimum value for the fuel gas flow rate and set a target utilization ratio so that the flow rate of the fuel gas does not decrease to below the minimum value but remains constant even when the output of the fuel cell generation system decreases.
7. A fuel cell generation system comprising:
a solid polymer membrane forming an electrolyte;
a fuel electrode provided on one side of the solid polymer membrane, the fuel cell generation system being adapted to supply the fuel electrode with a fuel gas containing hydrogen as a main component at a low pressure;
an oxidizer electrode provided on the other side of the solid polymer membrane;
oxidizer gas passages provided adjacent to the oxidizer electrode, the fuel cell generation system being adapted to supply an oxidizer gas to the oxidizer electrode at a low pressure through the oxidizer gas passages; and
a second controller adapted to control an oxidizer utilization ratio on the oxidizer electrode so that the oxidizer gas passages are not clogged with water,
wherein electricity is generated by causing electrochemical reaction between the fuel gas and the oxidizer gas supplied, and
wherein the second controller is adapted to preset a target value for the oxidizer utilization ratio, the target value being set to be low when the output of the fuel cell generation system is low and to be high in the vicinity of a rated operation point, and wherein the oxidizer utilization ratio is a ratio of an amount of gas actually consumed for the reaction to an amount of gas supplied for the reaction.
8. The fuel cell generation system as recited in claim 7, wherein the controller is adapted to give a minimum value for the flow rate of the oxidizer gas, and set a target utilization ratio so that the flow rate of the oxidizer gas does not decrease to below the minimum value but remains constant even when the output of the fuel cell generation system decreases.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A device having a Coanda chamber comprising:
a paintball gun;
said Coanda chamber located in a portion of said gun and including:
a port for receiving air;
an inner cell into which the air is received through said port;
an annular ring defining a passageway for the air to flow; and
an outer cell into which the air flows for urging a paintball.
2. The device of claim 1 wherein said gun includes a bolt and said chamber is located in said bolt.
3. The device of claim 2 wherein said outer cell of said chamber includes sloping walls such that the air flow is against the walls and will contact a periphery of a paint ball.
4. The device of claim 1 wherein said gun includes a feed tube and said chamber is in said feed tube.
5. The device of claim 1 wherein said chamber is in a barrel portion of said gun.
6. The device of claim 5 wherein a portion of said annular ring is blocked off so air flows in only a portion of said outer cell, whereby a spin is created on a paintball.
7. A paintball gun comprising a bolt, a barrel, and a feed tube, each of said bolt, barrel, and feed tube including a Coanda chamber for propelling, loading, or spinning a paintball, wherein each said Coanda chamber includes: a port for receiving air; an inner cell into which the air is received through said port; an annular ring defining a passageway for the air to flow; and an outer cell into which the air flows for urging a paintball.
8. The paintball gun of claim 7 wherein said outer cell of said chamber in said bolt includes sloping walls such that the air flow is against the walls and will contact a periphery of a paint ball.
9. The paintball gun of claim 7 wherein a portion of said annular ring of said chamber in said barrel is blocked off so air flows in only a portion of said outer cell, whereby a spin is created on a paintball.