1. A method for obtaining geographic information comprising:
receiving, on a base computer system, output geographic information en masse from one or more servers, the output geographic information comprising routes, travel durations and distances, the output geographic information corresponding to input geographic information provided by the base computer to the one or more servers en masse, the input geographic information comprising sets of locations, the sets of locations being defined in terms of geographic coordinates;
building, on the base computer system, a database that indexes at least some of the output geographic information to at least some of the input geographic information;
wherein building the database comprises indexing the output geographic information in the database based on which geographic server provided the output geographic information;
attempting to locate specific output geographic information in the database; wherein attempting comprises attempting to locate specific output geographic information that corresponds to specific input geographic information, and determining, by the base computer system, the specific output geographic information by calculation if the specific output geographic information cannot be located in the database, the calculated specific output geographic information being one of straight-line distance and duration.
2. A system comprising:
one or more servers; and
a computer system;
wherein the computer system comprises at least one memory that stores executable instructions and at least one processor that executes the instructions to:
receive output geographic information en masse from the one or more servers, the output geographic information comprising routes, travel durations and distances, the output geographic information corresponding to input geographic information provided to the one or more servers en masse, the input geographic information comprising sets of locations, the sets of locations being defined in terms of geographic coordinates;
build a database that indexes at least some of the output geographic information to at least some of the input geographic information;
wherein to build the database comprises indexing the output geographic information in the database based on which geographic server provided the output geographic information;
attempt to locate specific output geographic information in the database, wherein attempting comprises attempting to locate specific output geographic information that corresponds to specific input geographic information; and
determine the specific output geographic information by calculation if the specific output geographic information cannot be located in the database, the calculated specific output geographic information being one of straight-line distance and duration.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein calculating comprises calculating the straight-line distance and duration using geographic coordinates as the specific input geographic information.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving and building are performed by maintenance software and attempting and determining are performed by application software.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein building comprises indexing the output geographic information in the database by geographic region.
6. The system of claim 2, wherein calculating comprises calculating the straight-line distance and duration using geographic coordinates as the specific input geographic information.
7. The system of claim 2, wherein receiving and building are performed by maintenance software and attempting and determining are performed by application software.
8. The system of claim 2, wherein building comprises indexing the output geographic information in the database by geographic region.
9. The system of claim 8, wherein the geographic region comprises at least one of an area of a country, a country, and a continent.
10. The method of claim 5, wherein the geographic region comprises at least one of an area of a country, a country, and a continent.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An apparatus for generating a defined environment for particle-shaped samples, comprising:
a support element having a rest end for a particle-shaped sample;
an apparatus for generating a humid gas flow at a mouth end thereof, wherein the mouth end is directed to the rest end,
wherein the apparatus for generating the humid gas flow comprises:
a gas provider for providing gas having a first temperature and a first relative humidity, so that the gas has a first dew-point temperature;
a cooler for cooling the gas to a cooler temperature under condensation of moisture to adjust a second dew-point temperature of the gas corresponding to the cooler temperature;
a guide for guiding the gas with the second dew-point temperature to the mouth end, preventing condensation of moisture from the gas; and
a controller for adjusting the relative humidity of the gas at the mouth end by adjusting the cooler temperature and adjusting the temperature of the gas at the mouth end.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the guide for guiding the gas comprises a fluid conduit and a measuring head having the mouth end, wherein the temperature of the fluid conduit and the measuring head is held at a temperature not falling below the second dew-point temperature.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second dew-point temperature to be adjusted is determined on the basis of a desired relative humidity of the gas at the mouth end and a temperature to which the gas at the mouth end is adjusted.
4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the cooler temperature is adjusted to the determined second dew-point temperature and the temperature of the gas to the mouth end is adjusted to a constant value.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a pressure difference between a pressure in the cooler and a pressure at the mouth end is taken into account when adjusting the relative humidity at the mouth end.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, the pressure difference is determined based on a detected pressure in the cooler and a detected absolute pressure at the mouth end or based on a detected pressure in the cooler and a typical ambient pressure.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the second dew-point temperature to be adjusted is determined on the basis of a desired relative humidity of the gas at the mouth end and a temperature to which the gas at the mouth end is adjusted, by
determining a dew-point temperature of the gas required at the mouth end on the basis of the desired relative humidity and the temperature of the gas at the mouth end;
determining a required water vapor partial pressure of the gas at the mouth end from the temperature of the gas at the mouth end and the required dew-point temperature of the gas at the mouth end;
determining a water vapor partial pressure required in the cooler based on the required water vapor partial pressure of the gas at the mouth end and the pressure difference; and
determining the second dew-point temperature of the gas to be adjusted based on the determined required water partial pressure in the cooler.
8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the cooler temperature and the temperature of the gas at the mouth end are adjusted such that predetermined courses of the humidity of the gas flow are adjusted.
9. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a feeder for feeding one or more foreign gases to the humid gas flow.
10. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a direct vaporizer for feeding a vaporized liquid to the humid gas flow.
11. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the change of the dew-point of the humid gas flow by the feeding of the one or more foreign gases andor the feeding of the vaporized liquid is taken into account in the adjusting of the relative humidity at the mouth end.
12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the temperature for adjusting the temperature of a sample head comprising the mouth end is adjusted for adjusting the temperature at the mouth end comprises a second adjuster.
13. A method for generating a defined environment for particle-shaped samples, comprising:
supporting a particle-shaped sample at a rest end of a support element;
generating a humid gas flow at a mouth end directed to the rest end, comprising the following sub-steps:
providing gas having a first temperature and a first relative humidity, so that the gas has a first dew-point temperature;
cooling the gas to a cooler temperature under condensation of moisture in order to adjust a second dew-point temperature of the gas corresponding to the cooler temperature;
guiding the gas with the second dew-point temperature to the mouth end preventing moisture to condense from the gas; and
adjusting the cooler temperature and the temperature of the gas at the mouth end for adjusting the relative humidity of the gas at the mouth end.
14. The method of claim 13, further comprising the step of holding the gas with the second dew-point temperature after the cooling thereof to the cooler temperature at a temperature not falling below the second dew-point temperature.
15. The method of claim 13, further comprising a step of determining the second dew-point temperature to be adjusted on the basis of a desired relative humidity of the gas at the mouth end and a temperature to which the gas at the mouth end is adjusted.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein in the step of adjusting the temperature the cooler temperature is adjusted to the determined second dew-point temperature and the temperature of the gas at the mouth end is adjusted to a constant value.
17. The method of claim 11, further comprising a step of taking into account a pressure difference between a pressure present when cooling the gas to the cooler temperature and a pressure at the mouth end when adjusting the relative humidity.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein the step of taking into account a pressure difference comprises a step of determining the pressure difference based on a detected pressure in a cooler in which the gas is cooled to the second dew-point temperature and a detected absolute pressure at the mouth end or based on the detected pressure in the cooler and a typical ambient pressure.
19. The method of claim 18, further comprising a step of determining the second dew-point temperature to be adjusted on the basis of a desired relative humidity of the gas at the mouth end and a temperature to which the gas is adjusted at the mouth end, including the following sub-steps:
determining a dew-point temperature of the gas required at the mouth end on the basis of the desired relative humidity and the temperature of the gas at the mouth end;
determining a required water vapor partial pressure of the gas at the mouth end from the temperature of the gas at the mouth end and the required dew-point temperature of the gas at the mouth end;
determining a water vapor partial pressure required in the cooler based on the required water vapor partial pressure of the gas at the mouth end and the pressure difference; and
determining the second dew-point temperature of the gas to be adjusted based on the determined required water partial pressure in the cooler.
20. The method of claim 13, wherein in the step of adjusting the cooler temperature and the temperature of the gas at the mouth end same are adjusted such that predetermined courses of the humidity of the gas flow are adjusted.
21. The method of claim 13, further comprising a step of feeding one or more foreign gases to the humid gas flow.
22. The method of claim 13, further comprising a step of feeding a liquid vaporized by means of a direct vaporizer to the humid gas flow.
23. The method of claim 21, further comprising a step of taking into account the change of the dew-point of the humid gas flow by the feeding of the one or more foreign gases andor the feeding of the vaporized liquid when adjusting the relative humidity of the gas at the mouth end.
24. The method of claim 13, wherein the step of adjusting the gas temperature at the mouth end comprises a step of adjusting the temperature of a sample head comprising the mouth end.