1. A compound of formula IA:
or enantiomers, diastereomers, enantiomerically enriched mixtures, racemic mixtures, crystalline forms, non-crystalline forms, amorphous forms, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein:
Ar is an aryl, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl, or a heteroaryl or fused heteroaryl group containing 1-4 heteroatoms; each of which is optionally substituted with one or more of a halo, hydroxy, alkyl, alkoxy, carboxy, cyano, nitro, sulfonamido, sulfonate, amino, imino, alkylamino, or di-alkylamino group or groups; provided that when X is O, Ar is neither unsubstituted phenyl, anilino, nor 4-nitrophenyl;
X is a bond or is selected from the group consisting of O, S, S(O), S(O2), N(R\u2032), \u2014C(O)N(R\u2032)\u2014, and \u2014(CH2)mX1\u2014;
X1 is O, S, S(O), S(O2), or N(R\u2032);
R\u2032 is H, alkyl, or aralkyl;
Q is selected from the group consisting of H; OH; lower alkoxy; halo; mono-, di- or trihalomethyl; amino; lower alkylamino; and lower dialkylamino group;
U and V each represent independently for each occurrence O; NH; a lower alkylamino diradical; methylene; or mono- or dihalomethylene;
Y1, Y2, and Y3 each represent independently for each occurrence O, O\u2212;
S\u2212; or substituted or unsubstituted lower alkoxy, aryloxy, aralkyloxy, or cycloalkyloxy groups;
Z is O, NH, or a lower alkylamino diradical;
m and n are independently 0, 1 or 2;
W is P and
M is H or a salt-forming cation.
2. A compound of formula IIA:
or enantiomers, diastereomers, enantiomerically enriched mixtures, racemic mixtures, crystalline forms, non-crystalline forms, amorphous forms, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein:
A, D, and E are independently N, C(R5), or CH;
F is N or C(R4);
R1 is an H, oxo, lower alkoxy, lower alkylamino, lower dialkylamino, imino, lower alkyl-substituted imino, lower thioalkyl, aryl, substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl, or lower alkyl-substituted aryl group;
R2 is absent or is selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkyl-substituted aryl, aralkyl, and cycloalkyl group;
R3 and R4 are independently an H, lower thioalkyl, substituted lower alkyl, or unsubstituted lower alkyl group;
R5 is a lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkyl-substituted aryl, aralkyl, or cycloalkyl group;
Ar is an aryl, alkyl, cycloalkyl, arylalkyl, or a heteroaryl or fused heteroaryl group containing 1-4 heteroatoms; each of which is optionally substituted with one or more of a halo, hydroxy, alkyl, alkoxy, carboxy, cyano, nitro, sulfonamido, sulfonate, amino, alkylamino, or di-alkylamino group or groups; provided that when X is O, Ar is neither unsubstituted phenyl, anilino, nor 4-nitrophenyl;
X is a bond or is selected from the group consisting of O, S, S(O), S(O2), N(R\u2032), \u2014C(O)N(R\u2032)\u2014, and \u2014(CH2)mX1\u2014;
X1 is O, S, S(O), S(O2), or N(R\u2032);
R\u2032 is H, alkyl, or aralkyl;
Q represents independently for each occurrence an H; OH; lower alkoxy; halo; mono-, di- or trihalomethyl; amino; lower alkylamino, or lower dialkylamino group;
U and V each represent independently for each occurrence O; NH; a lower alkylamino diradical; methylene; or mono- or dihalomethylene;
Y2 and Y3 each represent independently for each occurrence O, O\u2212; S\u2212; or a substituted or unsubstituted lower alkoxy, aryloxy, aralkyloxy, or cycloalkyloxy group;
M is H or a salt-forming cation;
Z represents independently for each occurrence O, NH, or a lower alkylamino diradical;
m and n are independently 0, 1 or 2; and
W is P.
3. The compound of claim 2, which is a compound of formula IIA-1:
4. The compound of claim 2, which is a compound of formula IIA-2:
5. A compound of Formula IIB:
or enantiomers, diastereomers, enantiomerically enriched mixtures, racemic mixtures, crystalline forms, non-crystalline forms, amorphous forms, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein:
Ar is an aryl, alkyl, cycloalkyl, arylalkyl, or a heteroaryl or fused heteroaryl group containing 1-4 heteroatoms; each of which is optionally substituted with one or more of a halo, hydroxy, alkyl, alkoxy, carboxy, cyano, nitro, sulfonamido, sulfonate, amino, alkylamino, or di-alkylamino group or groups; provided that when X is O, Ar is neither unsubstituted phenyl, anilino, nor 4-nitrophenyl;
X is a bond or is selected from the group consisting of O, S, S(O), S(O2), N(R\u2032), \u2014C(O)N(R\u2032)\u2014, and \u2014(CH2)mX1\u2014;
X1 is O, S, S(O), S(O2), or N(R\u2032);
R\u2032 is H, alkyl, or aralkyl;
Q represents independently for each occurrence an H; OH; lower alkoxy; halo; mono-, di- or trihalomethyl; amino; lower alkylamino; or lower dialkylamino group;
U and V each represent independently for each occurrence O; NH; a lower alkylamino diradical; a lower dialkylamino diradical; methylene; or mono- or dihalomethylene;
Y1 is CH2 or NH;
Y2 and Y3 each represent independently for each occurrence O, O\u2212; S\u2212; or a substituted or unsubstituted lower alkoxy, aryloxy, aralkyloxy, or cycloalkyloxy group;
M is H or a salt-forming cation;
Z represents independently for each occurrence O, NH, or a lower alkylamino diradical;
m and n are independently 0, 1 or 2;
W is P.
6. A compound of Formula IV:
or enantiomers, diastereomers, enantiomerically enriched mixtures, racemic mixtures, crystalline forms, non-crystalline forms, amorphous forms, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein:
Ar is an aryl, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl, or a heteroaryl or fused heteroaryl group containing 1-4 heteroatoms; each of which is optionally substituted with one or more of a halo, hydroxy, alkyl, alkoxy, carboxy, cyano, nitro, sulfonamido, sulfonate, amino, alkylamino, or di-alkylamino group or groups; provided that when X is O, Ar is neither unsubstituted phenyl, anilino, nor 4-nitrophenyl;
X is O, S, S(O), S(O2), N(R\u2032), \u2014C(O)N(R\u2032)\u2014, or \u2014(CH2)mX1\u2014;
X1 is O, S, S(O), S(O2), or N(R\u2032);
R\u2032 is H, alkyl, or aralkyl;
Q represents independently for each occurrence an H; OH; lower alkoxy; halo; mono-, di- or trihalomethyl; amino; lower alkylamino; or lower dialkylamino group;
U and V each represent independently for each occurrence O; NH; a lower alkylamino diradical; a lower dialkylamino diradical; methylene; or mono- or dihalomethylene;
Y2 and Y3 each represent independently for each occurrence O, O\u2212; S\u2212; or a substituted or unsubstituted lower alkoxy, aryloxy, aralkyloxy, or cycloalkyloxy group;
M is H or a salt-forming cation;
Z represents independently for each occurrence O, NH, or a lower alkylamino diradical;
m and n are independently 0, 1 or 2; and
W is P.
7. A method of treating constipation or chronic idiopathic constipation comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim 1.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein the subject is a human.
9. A method of treating constipation or chronic idiopathic constipation comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim 2.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein the subject is a human.
11. A method of treating constipation or chronic idiopathic constipation comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim 3.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein the subject is a human.
13. A method of treating constipation or chronic idiopathic constipation comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim 5.
14. The method of claim 13 wherein the subject is a human.
15. A method of treating constipation or chronic idiopathic constipation comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim 6.
16. The method of claim 15 wherein the subject is a human.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A board game comprising:
a game board having a length and a width, the game board having a first end, a second end, a first side, and a second side, the game board being rectangular and having a top flat surface,
a center line located on the flat surface of the game board, the center line traveling from the first side to the second side of the game board halfway in between the first end and the second end of the game board,
a pair of goals comprising a first goal and a second goal, the first goal being located at the first end of the game board, the second goal being located at the second end of the game board, the first goal and the second goal each having an open end, each open end having a first side and a second side,
a quartet of mounting nails, each of the mounting nails being attached to a corner of the top flat surface of the game board,
a playing surface located on the top surface of the game board, the playing surface being marked off by a defined border, the defined border being a first elastic band having a first end and a second end, the first end of the first elastic band attached to the first side of the open end of the first goal, the length of the first elastic band wrapped around the first nail and the second nail, and the second end of the first elastic band being attached to the first side of the open end of the second goal and a second elastic band having a first end and a second end, the first end of the second elastic band attached to the second side of the open end of the first goal, the length of the second elastic band wrapped around the third nail and the fourth nail, and the second end of the second elastic band being attached to the second side of the open end of the second goal,
two sets of players, each set of players comprising a plurality of players fixedly attached to the playing surface of the game board in a fixed pattern, a first set of players being located on a first side of the center line and a second set of players being located on a second side of the center line,
a game ball for use on the playing surface of the game board,
a pair of objects for hitting the game ball around on the playing surface of the game board,
means for determining how many hits each player gets when using an object to hit the game ball, and
means for keeping score for each player when at least two individuals are playing the board game.
2. A board game according to claim 1 wherein each player attached to the playing surface of the game board is a mounting nail.
3. A board game according to claim 1 wherein the game ball used on the playing surface of the game board is a marble.
4. A board game according to claim 1 wherein the pair of objects for hitting the game ball around on the playing surface of the game board comprises a pair of sticks.
5. A board game according to claim 1 wherein the means for determining how many hits each player gets when using an object to hit the game ball comprises a pair of dice.
6. A board game according to claim 1 wherein the means for keeping score for each player when at least two individuals are playing the board game comprises a pair of scorekeepers mounted within the playing field.
7. A board game according to claim 1 wherein each set of players comprises thirteen fixed objects.